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Article 301
Article 301 is an article of the Turkish Penal Code making it illegal to insult Turkey, the Turkish nation, Turkish government institutions, or Turkish national heroes such as Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. It took effect on June 1, 2005, and was introduced as part of a package of penal law reform in the process preceding the opening of negotiations for Turkish membership of the European Union (EU), in order to bring Turkey up to Union standards. The original version of the article made it a crime to "insult Turkishness"; on April 30, 2008, the article was amended to change "Turkishness" into "the Turkish nation". Since this article became law, charges have been brought in more than 60 cases, some of which are high-profile.Lea, Richard"In Istanbul, a writer awaits her day in court" ''The Guardian'', July 24, 2006. The Great Jurists Union ( tr, Büyük Hukukçular Birliği) headed by Kemal Kerinçsiz, a Turkish lawyer, is "behind nearly all of Article 301 trials". [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkish Penal Code
Turkish may refer to: *a Turkic language spoken by the Turks * of or about Turkey ** Turkish language *** Turkish alphabet ** Turkish people, a Turkic ethnic group and nation *** Turkish citizen, a citizen of Turkey *** Turkish communities and minorities in the former Ottoman Empire * Ottoman Empire (Ottoman Turkey), 1299–1922, previously sometimes known as the Turkish Empire ** Ottoman Turkish, the Turkish language used in the Ottoman Empire * Turkish Airlines, an airline * Turkish music (style), a musical style of European composers of the Classical music era See also * * * Turk (other) * Turki (other) * Turkic (other) * Turkey (other) * Turkiye (other) * Turkish Bath (other) * Turkish population, the number of ethnic Turkish people in the world * Culture of Turkey * History of Turkey ** History of the Republic of Turkey The Republic of Turkey was created after the overthrow of Sultan Mehmet VI Vahdettin by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Law Enforcement In Turkey
Law enforcement in Turkey is carried out by several departments and agencies, all acting under the Ministry of Internal Affairs except military police which is under the command of the Turkish Armed Forces and the National Intelligence Organization which directly reports to the president. National Agencies General Directorate of Security The General Directorate of Security ( Turkish: ''Emniyet Genel Müdürlüğü'') are the civilian police force and a service branch of the Turkish Ministry of Interior responsible for law enforcement in Turkey. The police force is responsible for law enforcement in cities and some exceptional locations, such as airports, which they protect with the help of the customs office ( tr, Gümrük Muhafaza). Traffic Police ensure the safety of transportation and also work with registration of vehicles. Police also provides VIP security for president and other government officials. The Turkish Police also play a big part in important intelligence and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Committee To Protect Journalists
The Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) is an American independent non-profit, non-governmental organization, based in New York City, New York, with correspondents around the world. CPJ promotes press freedom and defends the rights of journalists. The ''American Journalism Review'' has called the organization, "Journalism's Red Cross." Since late 1980s, the organization has been publishing an annual census of journalists killed or imprisoned in relation to their work. History and programs The Committee to Protect Journalists was founded in 1981 in response to the harassment of Paraguayan journalist Alcibiades González Delvalle. Its founding honorary chairman was Walter Cronkite. Since 1991, it has held the annual CPJ International Press Freedom Awards Dinner, during which awards are given to journalists and press freedom advocates who have endured beatings, threats, intimidation, and prison for reporting the news. Between 2002 and 2008, it published a biannual magazine, ''D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First World War
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fighting occurring throughout Europe, the Middle East, Africa, the Pacific, and parts of Asia. An estimated 9 million soldiers were killed in combat, plus another 23 million wounded, while 5 million civilians died as a result of military action, hunger, and disease. Millions more died in genocides within the Ottoman Empire and in the 1918 influenza pandemic, which was exacerbated by the movement of combatants during the war. Prior to 1914, the European great powers were divided between the Triple Entente (comprising France, Russia, and Britain) and the Triple Alliance (containing Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy). Tensions in the Balkans came to a head on 28 June 1914, following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) // CITED: p. 36 (PDF p. 38/338) also known as the Turkish Empire, was an empire that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, and Northern Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries. It was founded at the end of the 13th century in northwestern Anatolia in the town of Söğüt (modern-day Bilecik Province) by the Turkoman tribal leader Osman I. After 1354, the Ottomans crossed into Europe and, with the conquest of the Balkans, the Ottoman beylik was transformed into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the conquest of Constantinople in 1453 by Mehmed the Conqueror. Under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire marked the peak of its power and prosperity, as well a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Armenian Casualties
Ottoman Armenian casualties refers to the number of deaths of Ottoman Armenians between 1914 and 1923, during which the Armenian genocide occurred. Most estimates of related Armenian deaths between 1915 and 1918 range from 1.2 to 1.5 million. Prewar estimates There is no agreement among historians how many Armenians lived in the empire prior to the genocide. The official census reported 1.1 million Armenians living in the empire in 1912. This is considered an underestimate, and the Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople reported 2.1 million Armenians. Armenian casualties from 1915 to 1917–18 Ottoman and Turkish estimates The statistics provided by Djemal The official Ottoman statistics compiled for the period between 1915 and 1917–18 were of 800,000 killed. This figure originates from Djemal's bureau. The results were published in the official Ottoman gazette. It was allegedly the result of a commission formed by the interior minister Mustafa Arif. It is said that they ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Istanbul
Istanbul ( , ; tr, İstanbul ), formerly known as Constantinople ( grc-gre, Κωνσταντινούπολις; la, Constantinopolis), is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, serving as the country's economic, cultural and historic hub. The city straddles the Bosporus strait, lying in both Europe and Asia, and has a population of over 15 million residents, comprising 19% of the population of Turkey. Istanbul is the list of European cities by population within city limits, most populous European city, and the world's List of largest cities, 15th-largest city. The city was founded as Byzantium ( grc-gre, Βυζάντιον, ) in the 7th century BCE by Ancient Greece, Greek settlers from Megara. In 330 CE, the Roman emperor Constantine the Great made it his imperial capital, renaming it first as New Rome ( grc-gre, Νέα Ῥώμη, ; la, Nova Roma) and then as Constantinople () after himself. The city grew in size and influence, eventually becom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Freedom Of Expression Exchange
IFEX, formerly International Freedom of Expression Exchange, is a global network of 124 independent non-governmental organisations that work at a local, national, regional, or international level to defend and promote freedom of expression as a human right. History IFEX was first proposed in 1992 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, by a group of 12 non-governmental organisations who met to discuss how they could collaborate on responding to free expression violations around the world. The meeting was organised by the Canadian Committee to Protect Journalists (now Canadian Journalists for Free Expression). Over the next four years, IFEX consolidated its structure, built outreach programs, and established a web presence. By 2007 IFEX had established strategic free expression campaigns and programmes, and as of 2021 IFEX has over 123 network members located in 62 countries worldwide. Operations The day-to-day operations of the organisation are run by the IFEX Secretariat based in Toronto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tages Anzeiger
''Tages-Anzeiger'' (), also abbreviated ''Tagi'' or ''TA'', is a Swiss German-language national daily newspaper published in Zurich, Switzerland. History and profile The paper was first published under the name ''Tages-Anzeiger für Stadt und Kanton Zürich'' in 1893. The founder was a German, Wilhelm Girardet. Its current name, ''Tages-Anzeiger'', was adopted later. The paper is based in Zurich and is published in broadsheet. Its owner and publisher is Tamedia and its editor is Res Strehle. Although ''Tages-Anzeiger'' is a national newspaper, it focuses mainly on the Zurich region. Circulation The circulation of ''Tages-Anzeiger'' was 70,000 copies in 1910. It rose to 83,000 copies in 1930 and to 116,000 copies in 1950. In the period of 1995–1996 ''Tages-Anzeiger'' had a circulation of 282,222 copies, making it the second best-selling paper in the country. In 1997 its circulation was 283,139 copies. The circulation of the paper was 280,000 copies in 2000. ''Tages-Anzeiger' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tages-Anzeiger
''Tages-Anzeiger'' (), also abbreviated ''Tagi'' or ''TA'', is a Swiss German-language national daily newspaper published in Zurich, Switzerland. History and profile The paper was first published under the name ''Tages-Anzeiger für Stadt und Kanton Zürich'' in 1893. The founder was a German, Wilhelm Girardet. Its current name, ''Tages-Anzeiger'', was adopted later. The paper is based in Zurich and is published in broadsheet. Its owner and publisher is Tamedia and its editor is Res Strehle. Although ''Tages-Anzeiger'' is a national newspaper, it focuses mainly on the Zurich region. Circulation The circulation of ''Tages-Anzeiger'' was 70,000 copies in 1910. It rose to 83,000 copies in 1930 and to 116,000 copies in 1950. In the period of 1995–1996 ''Tages-Anzeiger'' had a circulation of 282,222 copies, making it the second best-selling paper in the country. In 1997 its circulation was 283,139 copies. The circulation of the paper was 280,000 copies in 2000. ''Tages-Anzeiger' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Das Magazin
''Tages-Anzeiger'' (), also abbreviated ''Tagi'' or ''TA'', is a Swiss German-language national daily newspaper published in Zurich, Switzerland. History and profile The paper was first published under the name ''Tages-Anzeiger für Stadt und Kanton Zürich'' in 1893. The founder was a German, Wilhelm Girardet. Its current name, ''Tages-Anzeiger'', was adopted later. The paper is based in Zurich and is published in broadsheet. Its owner and publisher is Tamedia and its editor is Res Strehle. Although ''Tages-Anzeiger'' is a national newspaper, it focuses mainly on the Zurich region. Circulation The circulation of ''Tages-Anzeiger'' was 70,000 copies in 1910. It rose to 83,000 copies in 1930 and to 116,000 copies in 1950. In the period of 1995–1996 ''Tages-Anzeiger'' had a circulation of 282,222 copies, making it the second best-selling paper in the country. In 1997 its circulation was 283,139 copies. The circulation of the paper was 280,000 copies in 2000. ''Tages-Anzeiger' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orhan Pamuk
Ferit Orhan Pamuk (born 7 June 1952) is a Turkish novelist, screenwriter, academic, and recipient of the 2006 Nobel Prize in Literature. One of Turkey's most prominent novelists, his work has sold over thirteen million books in sixty-three languages, making him the country's best-selling writer. Pamuk is the author of novels including '' Silent House'', ''The White Castle'', '' The Black Book'', '' The New Life'', ''My Name Is Red'', ''Snow'', ''The Museum of Innocence'', ''A Strangeness in My Mind'' and ''The Red-Haired Woman''. He is the Robert Yik-Fong Tam Professor in the Humanities at Columbia University, where he teaches writing and comparative literature. He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 2018. Of partial Circassian descent and born in Istanbul, Pamuk is the first Turkish Nobel laureate. He is also the recipient of numerous other literary awards. ''My Name Is Red'' won the 2002 Prix du Meilleur Livre Étranger, 2002 Premio Grinzane Cavour and 2003 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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