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Arthrorhaphis Anziana
''Arthrorhaphis'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the monotypic family Arthrorhaphidaceae. It has 13 species. The genus was circumscribed by Theodor Magnus Fries in 1860. The family was proposed by lichenologists Josef Poelt and Josef Hafellner in 1976. Species in this family have a widespread distribution in temperate and montane habitats. They grow symbiotically with green algae, or parasitically on other lichens. The family Arthrorhaphidaceae has an uncertain taxonomic placement in the class Lecanoromycetes; that is, it is incertae sedis with respect to ordinal placement. Species *'' Arthrorhaphis aeruginosa'' *''Arthrorhaphis alpina'' *'' Arthrorhaphis anziana'' *''Arthrorhaphis arctoparmeliae'' *''Arthrorhaphis citrinella'' *''Arthrorhaphis grisea'' *''Arthrorhaphis muddii'' *''Arthrorhaphis olivaceae'' *''Arthrorhaphis phyllobaeis'' *''Arthrorhaphis summorum'' *''Arthrorhaphis vacillans ''Arthrorhaphis'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the monot ...
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Arthrorhaphis Citrinella
''Arthrorhaphis'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the monotypic family Arthrorhaphidaceae. It has 13 species. The genus was circumscribed by Theodor Magnus Fries in 1860. The family was proposed by lichenologists Josef Poelt and Josef Hafellner in 1976. Species in this family have a widespread distribution in temperate and montane habitats. They grow symbiotically with green algae, or parasitically on other lichens. The family Arthrorhaphidaceae has an uncertain taxonomic placement in the class Lecanoromycetes Lecanoromycetes is the largest class of lichenized fungi. It belongs to the subphylum Pezizomycotina in the phylum Ascomycota. The asci (spore-bearing cells) of the Lecanoromycetes most often release spores by rostrate dehiscence. Genera of unc ...; that is, it is incertae sedis with respect to ordinal placement. Species *'' Arthrorhaphis aeruginosa'' *'' Arthrorhaphis alpina'' *'' Arthrorhaphis anziana'' *'' Arthrorhaphis arctoparmeliae'' *'' Arthrorhaph ...
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Parasite
Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life. The entomologist E. O. Wilson has characterised parasites as "predators that eat prey in units of less than one". Parasites include single-celled protozoans such as the agents of malaria, sleeping sickness, and amoebic dysentery; animals such as hookworms, lice, mosquitoes, and vampire bats; fungi such as Armillaria mellea, honey fungus and the agents of ringworm; and plants such as mistletoe, dodder, and the Orobanchaceae, broomrapes. There are six major parasitic Behavioral ecology#Evolutionarily stable strategy, strategies of exploitation of animal hosts, namely parasitic castration, directly transmitted parasitism (by contact), wikt:trophic, trophicallytransmitted parasitism (by being eaten), Disease vector, vector-transmitted parasitism, parasitoidism, and micropreda ...
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Arthrorhaphis Vacillans
''Arthrorhaphis'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the monotypic family Arthrorhaphidaceae. It has 13 species. The genus was circumscribed by Theodor Magnus Fries in 1860. The family was proposed by lichenologists Josef Poelt and Josef Hafellner in 1976. Species in this family have a widespread distribution in temperate and montane habitats. They grow symbiotically with green algae, or parasitically on other lichens. The family Arthrorhaphidaceae has an uncertain taxonomic placement in the class Lecanoromycetes; that is, it is incertae sedis with respect to ordinal placement. Species *'' Arthrorhaphis aeruginosa'' *''Arthrorhaphis alpina'' *'' Arthrorhaphis anziana'' *'' Arthrorhaphis arctoparmeliae'' *''Arthrorhaphis citrinella ''Arthrorhaphis'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the monotypic family Arthrorhaphidaceae. It has 13 species. The genus was circumscribed by Theodor Magnus Fries in 1860. The family was proposed by lichenologists Josef Poelt and Jos ...
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Arthrorhaphis Summorum
''Arthrorhaphis'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the monotypic family Arthrorhaphidaceae. It has 13 species. The genus was circumscribed by Theodor Magnus Fries in 1860. The family was proposed by lichenologists Josef Poelt and Josef Hafellner in 1976. Species in this family have a widespread distribution in temperate and montane habitats. They grow symbiotically with green algae, or parasitically on other lichens. The family Arthrorhaphidaceae has an uncertain taxonomic placement in the class Lecanoromycetes; that is, it is incertae sedis with respect to ordinal placement. Species *'' Arthrorhaphis aeruginosa'' *''Arthrorhaphis alpina'' *'' Arthrorhaphis anziana'' *'' Arthrorhaphis arctoparmeliae'' *''Arthrorhaphis citrinella'' *'' Arthrorhaphis grisea'' *'' Arthrorhaphis muddii'' *'' Arthrorhaphis olivaceae'' *'' Arthrorhaphis phyllobaeis'' *'' Arthrorhaphis summorum'' *''Arthrorhaphis vacillans ''Arthrorhaphis'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the ...
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Arthrorhaphis Phyllobaeis
''Arthrorhaphis'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the monotypic family Arthrorhaphidaceae. It has 13 species. The genus was circumscribed by Theodor Magnus Fries in 1860. The family was proposed by lichenologists Josef Poelt and Josef Hafellner in 1976. Species in this family have a widespread distribution in temperate and montane habitats. They grow symbiotically with green algae, or parasitically on other lichens. The family Arthrorhaphidaceae has an uncertain taxonomic placement in the class Lecanoromycetes; that is, it is incertae sedis with respect to ordinal placement. Species *'' Arthrorhaphis aeruginosa'' *''Arthrorhaphis alpina'' *'' Arthrorhaphis anziana'' *'' Arthrorhaphis arctoparmeliae'' *''Arthrorhaphis citrinella'' *'' Arthrorhaphis grisea'' *'' Arthrorhaphis muddii'' *'' Arthrorhaphis olivaceae'' *'' Arthrorhaphis phyllobaeis'' *''Arthrorhaphis summorum'' *''Arthrorhaphis vacillans ''Arthrorhaphis'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the ...
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Arthrorhaphis Olivaceae
''Arthrorhaphis'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the monotypic family Arthrorhaphidaceae. It has 13 species. The genus was circumscribed by Theodor Magnus Fries in 1860. The family was proposed by lichenologists Josef Poelt and Josef Hafellner in 1976. Species in this family have a widespread distribution in temperate and montane habitats. They grow symbiotically with green algae, or parasitically on other lichens. The family Arthrorhaphidaceae has an uncertain taxonomic placement in the class Lecanoromycetes; that is, it is incertae sedis with respect to ordinal placement. Species *'' Arthrorhaphis aeruginosa'' *''Arthrorhaphis alpina'' *'' Arthrorhaphis anziana'' *'' Arthrorhaphis arctoparmeliae'' *''Arthrorhaphis citrinella'' *'' Arthrorhaphis grisea'' *'' Arthrorhaphis muddii'' *'' Arthrorhaphis olivaceae'' *''Arthrorhaphis phyllobaeis'' *''Arthrorhaphis summorum'' *''Arthrorhaphis vacillans ''Arthrorhaphis'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the m ...
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Arthrorhaphis Muddii
''Arthrorhaphis'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the monotypic family Arthrorhaphidaceae. It has 13 species. The genus was circumscribed by Theodor Magnus Fries in 1860. The family was proposed by lichenologists Josef Poelt and Josef Hafellner in 1976. Species in this family have a widespread distribution in temperate and montane habitats. They grow symbiotically with green algae, or parasitically on other lichens. The family Arthrorhaphidaceae has an uncertain taxonomic placement in the class Lecanoromycetes; that is, it is incertae sedis with respect to ordinal placement. Species *'' Arthrorhaphis aeruginosa'' *''Arthrorhaphis alpina'' *'' Arthrorhaphis anziana'' *'' Arthrorhaphis arctoparmeliae'' *''Arthrorhaphis citrinella'' *'' Arthrorhaphis grisea'' *'' Arthrorhaphis muddii'' *''Arthrorhaphis olivaceae'' *''Arthrorhaphis phyllobaeis'' *''Arthrorhaphis summorum'' *''Arthrorhaphis vacillans ''Arthrorhaphis'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the mo ...
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Arthrorhaphis Grisea
''Arthrorhaphis'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the monotypic family Arthrorhaphidaceae. It has 13 species. The genus was circumscribed by Theodor Magnus Fries in 1860. The family was proposed by lichenologists Josef Poelt and Josef Hafellner in 1976. Species in this family have a widespread distribution in temperate and montane habitats. They grow symbiotically with green algae, or parasitically on other lichens. The family Arthrorhaphidaceae has an uncertain taxonomic placement in the class Lecanoromycetes; that is, it is incertae sedis with respect to ordinal placement. Species *'' Arthrorhaphis aeruginosa'' *''Arthrorhaphis alpina'' *'' Arthrorhaphis anziana'' *'' Arthrorhaphis arctoparmeliae'' *''Arthrorhaphis citrinella'' *'' Arthrorhaphis grisea'' *''Arthrorhaphis muddii'' *''Arthrorhaphis olivaceae'' *''Arthrorhaphis phyllobaeis'' *''Arthrorhaphis summorum'' *''Arthrorhaphis vacillans ''Arthrorhaphis'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the mon ...
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Arthrorhaphis Arctoparmeliae
''Arthrorhaphis'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the monotypic family Arthrorhaphidaceae. It has 13 species. The genus was circumscribed by Theodor Magnus Fries in 1860. The family was proposed by lichenologists Josef Poelt and Josef Hafellner in 1976. Species in this family have a widespread distribution in temperate and montane habitats. They grow symbiotically with green algae, or parasitically on other lichens. The family Arthrorhaphidaceae has an uncertain taxonomic placement in the class Lecanoromycetes; that is, it is incertae sedis with respect to ordinal placement. Species *'' Arthrorhaphis aeruginosa'' *''Arthrorhaphis alpina'' *'' Arthrorhaphis anziana'' *'' Arthrorhaphis arctoparmeliae'' *''Arthrorhaphis citrinella'' *''Arthrorhaphis grisea'' *''Arthrorhaphis muddii'' *''Arthrorhaphis olivaceae'' *''Arthrorhaphis phyllobaeis'' *''Arthrorhaphis summorum'' *''Arthrorhaphis vacillans ''Arthrorhaphis'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the mono ...
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Arthrorhaphis Anziana
''Arthrorhaphis'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the monotypic family Arthrorhaphidaceae. It has 13 species. The genus was circumscribed by Theodor Magnus Fries in 1860. The family was proposed by lichenologists Josef Poelt and Josef Hafellner in 1976. Species in this family have a widespread distribution in temperate and montane habitats. They grow symbiotically with green algae, or parasitically on other lichens. The family Arthrorhaphidaceae has an uncertain taxonomic placement in the class Lecanoromycetes; that is, it is incertae sedis with respect to ordinal placement. Species *'' Arthrorhaphis aeruginosa'' *''Arthrorhaphis alpina'' *'' Arthrorhaphis anziana'' *''Arthrorhaphis arctoparmeliae'' *''Arthrorhaphis citrinella'' *''Arthrorhaphis grisea'' *''Arthrorhaphis muddii'' *''Arthrorhaphis olivaceae'' *''Arthrorhaphis phyllobaeis'' *''Arthrorhaphis summorum'' *''Arthrorhaphis vacillans ''Arthrorhaphis'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the monot ...
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Arthrorhaphis Alpina
''Arthrorhaphis'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the monotypic family Arthrorhaphidaceae. It has 13 species. The genus was circumscribed by Theodor Magnus Fries in 1860. The family was proposed by lichenologists Josef Poelt and Josef Hafellner in 1976. Species in this family have a widespread distribution in temperate and montane habitats. They grow symbiotically with green algae, or parasitically on other lichens. The family Arthrorhaphidaceae has an uncertain taxonomic placement in the class Lecanoromycetes; that is, it is incertae sedis with respect to ordinal placement. Species *'' Arthrorhaphis aeruginosa'' *'' Arthrorhaphis alpina'' *'' Arthrorhaphis anziana'' *'' Arthrorhaphis arctoparmeliae'' *''Arthrorhaphis citrinella ''Arthrorhaphis'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the monotypic family Arthrorhaphidaceae. It has 13 species. The genus was circumscribed by Theodor Magnus Fries in 1860. The family was proposed by lichenologists Josef Poelt and Jo ...
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Arthrorhaphis Aeruginosa
''Arthrorhaphis'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the monotypic family Arthrorhaphidaceae. It has 13 species. The genus was circumscribed by Theodor Magnus Fries in 1860. The family was proposed by lichenologists Josef Poelt and Josef Hafellner in 1976. Species in this family have a widespread distribution in temperate and montane habitats. They grow symbiotically with green algae, or parasitically on other lichens. The family Arthrorhaphidaceae has an uncertain taxonomic placement in the class Lecanoromycetes; that is, it is incertae sedis with respect to ordinal placement. Species *'' Arthrorhaphis aeruginosa'' *''Arthrorhaphis alpina'' *''Arthrorhaphis anziana'' *''Arthrorhaphis arctoparmeliae'' *''Arthrorhaphis citrinella'' *''Arthrorhaphis grisea'' *''Arthrorhaphis muddii'' *''Arthrorhaphis olivaceae'' *''Arthrorhaphis phyllobaeis'' *''Arthrorhaphis summorum'' *''Arthrorhaphis vacillans ''Arthrorhaphis'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the monoty ...
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