|
Arthroleptides
''Arthroleptides'' is a small genus of frogs in the family Petropedetidae. Their common name is rocky river frogs. They are found in the mountains of East Africa (Tanzania, Kenya, and probably Uganda). They have been considered to belong to '' Petropedetes'', which after exclusion of ''Arthroleptides'' is restricted to Central Africa. ''Arthroleptides'' species have distinct tympana and no external vocal sacs. Males have femoral glands, and in the breeding state, spiny nuptial excrescences. Tadpoles live on wet rocks out of water. Species The three species are: * '' Arthroleptides dutoiti'' Loveridge, 1935 * '' Arthroleptides martiensseni'' Nieden, 1911 "1910" * '' Arthroleptides yakusini'' Channing, Moyer, and Howell, 2002 Also, one undescribed species from the Nguru Mountains The Nguru Mountains are a mountain range in Morogoro Region, Tanzania, Africa. The Nguru Mountains are part of the Eastern Arc Mountains. The mountains are predominantly covered with rainforest, home t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthroleptides
''Arthroleptides'' is a small genus of frogs in the family Petropedetidae. Their common name is rocky river frogs. They are found in the mountains of East Africa (Tanzania, Kenya, and probably Uganda). They have been considered to belong to '' Petropedetes'', which after exclusion of ''Arthroleptides'' is restricted to Central Africa. ''Arthroleptides'' species have distinct tympana and no external vocal sacs. Males have femoral glands, and in the breeding state, spiny nuptial excrescences. Tadpoles live on wet rocks out of water. Species The three species are: * '' Arthroleptides dutoiti'' Loveridge, 1935 * '' Arthroleptides martiensseni'' Nieden, 1911 "1910" * '' Arthroleptides yakusini'' Channing, Moyer, and Howell, 2002 Also, one undescribed species from the Nguru Mountains The Nguru Mountains are a mountain range in Morogoro Region, Tanzania, Africa. The Nguru Mountains are part of the Eastern Arc Mountains. The mountains are predominantly covered with rainforest, home t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthroleptides Yakusini
The southern torrent frog (''Arthroleptides yakusini'') is a species of frog in the family Petropedetidae endemic to Tanzania, where it is found in the Uluguru, Udzungwa, and Mahenge Mountains. Frogs from the Nguru Mountains The Nguru Mountains are a mountain range in Morogoro Region, Tanzania, Africa. The Nguru Mountains are part of the Eastern Arc Mountains. The mountains are predominantly covered with rainforest, home to 83 species of birds (Romdal 2001) and Africa ... may represent an unnamed species. ''A. yakusini'' is associated with rocky streams in montane forests. It appears to tolerate some degradation of the forest. Eggs are laid on rocks over which water is trickling, close to torrential streams and waterfalls. The larvae remain attached to the rocks, developing out of water. References Arthroleptides Amphibians of Tanzania Endemic fauna of Tanzania Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Amphibians described in 2002 {{Petropedetidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthroleptides Dutoiti
Du Toit's torrent frog, the Mt. Elgon torrent frog, or the Kenya rocky river frog (''Arthroleptides dutoiti'') is a species of frog in the family Petropedetidae endemic to Mount Elgon in Kenya; it has not been found on the Ugandan part of the mountain. It is one of many, often taxonomically unrelated, frogs referred to as torrent frogs. The species was found by Cornelius Albertus du Toit, who collected the frog holotype in 1934. Dr. du Toit was a member of the Cape Town University, a founder member of the Zoological Society of South Africa, and Professor of Zoology at Stellenbosch University in South Africa. He wrote ''Zoological research in South Africa'' in 1961. Description ''A. dutoiti'' is a small frog, about in length. Its head is slightly broader than long, with distinctly visible tympana. The toes but not the fingers are half-webbed. The skin of the back is distinctly warty and pitted, but smooth elsewhere. This species is black in colour, except for the digit tips that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthroleptides Martiensseni
The Usambara torrent frog (''Arthroleptides martiensseni''), also known as Martienssen's torrent frog, or Tanzania rocky river frog, is a species of frog in the family Petropedetidae endemic to the Usambara Mountains of Tanzania. It is one of many, often taxonomically unrelated, frogs referred to as torrent frogs. These frogs are associated with rocky streams in montane forests. Eggs are laid on rocks close to torrential streams and waterfalls. The tadpoles remain attached to the rocks, where they develop, not entering the water. It is threatened by habitat loss Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss and habitat reduction) is the process by which a natural habitat becomes incapable of supporting its native species. The organisms that previously inhabited the site are displaced or dead, thereby .... References Arthroleptides Endemic fauna of Tanzania Amphibians of Tanzania Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Amphibians described in 1911 {{Petropedetida ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petropedetidae
The Petropedetidae are a family of frogs containing three genera and 12 species. They are found in sub-Saharan tropical Africa and are sometimes known under common name African torrent frogs. They are inhabitants of the splash-water zone of clear-running streams predominantly in forests. Tadpoles are either semiterrestrial in the spray zone or fully aquatic in zones of the strongest currents. Some species guard their clutches. They are small ('' Ericabatrachus'') or medium- to large-sized frogs ('' Arthroleptides'' and '' Petropedetes''). Taxonomy The Petropedetidae are related to true frogs, family Ranidae, and have often been considered as a subfamily within a broadly defined Ranidae. However, they are now commonly treated as a family, although the genera included may differ between sources. In particular, ''Conraua ''Conraua'', known as slippery frogs or giant frogs is a genus of large frogs from sub-Saharan Africa. ''Conraua'' is the only genus in the family Conrauidae. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petropedetes
''Petropedetes'' is a genus of frogs in the family Petropedetidae. In 2002, the genus absorbed all three species of the genus ''Arthroleptides'', but they were moved back in 2014. The informally assigned common name for frogs in this genus (and for frogs in certain other genera) is torrent frogs. The following species are recognised in the genus ''Petropedetes'': * ''Petropedetes cameronensis'' (Reichenow, 1874) * ''Petropedetes euskircheni'' (Barej et al., 2010) * ''Petropedetes johnstoni'' (Boulenger, 1888) * ''Petropedetes juliawurstnerae'' (Barej et al., 2010) * ''Petropedetes newtonii'' (Bocage, 1895) – Barej et al. (2010) considers ''P. darwinii'' occurring in Bioko Island (Equatorial Guinea) a synonym of ''P. johnstoni''. * ''Petropedetes palmipes'' Boulenger, 1905 * ''Petropedetes parkeri'' (Amiet, 1983) * ''Petropedetes perreti'' (Amiet, 1973) * ''Petropedetes vulpiae ''Petropedetes'' is a genus of frogs in the family Petropedetidae. In 2002, the genus absorbed all ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fritz Nieden
Fritz Nieden (1883 – 1942) was a German zoologist who specialized in African herpetology. He worked as a zoologist at the ''Museum für Naturkunde'' in Berlin. His name is associated with Nieden's dwarf skink, '' Panaspis megalurus''. In 1911 he was the first to describe '' Callulina kreffti'', a species of frog, which until 2004 was the only known species of the genus ''Callulina''. The Sagala caecilian, ''Boulengerula niedeni'', is named after him. Selected writings *Die Amphibienfauna von Kamerun' (1908), Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 3: 491–518 ("''Amphibian fauna of Cameroon''") *''Die Reptilien (außer den Schlangen) und Amphibien'', 1910 - Reptiles (other than snakes) and amphibians. *''Gymnophoina (Amphibia apoda)'', 1913 - Gymnophiona Caecilians (; ) are a group of limbless, vermiform or serpentine amphibians. They mostly live hidden in the ground and in stream substrates, making them the least familiar order of amphibians. Caecilians are mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
East Africa
East Africa, Eastern Africa, or East of Africa, is the eastern subregion of the African continent. In the United Nations Statistics Division scheme of geographic regions, 10-11-(16*) territories make up Eastern Africa: Due to the historical Omani Empire and colonial territories of the British East Africa Protectorate and German East Africa, the term ''East Africa'' is often (especially in the English language) used to specifically refer to the area now comprising the three countries of Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda. However, this has never been the convention in many other languages, where the term generally had a wider, strictly geographic context and therefore typically included Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia.Somaliland is not included in the United Nations geoscheme, as it is internationally recognized as a part of Somalia. *Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo and South Sudan are members of the East African Community. The firs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tympanum (anatomy)
The tympanum is an external hearing structure in animals such as mammals, birds, some reptiles, some amphibians and some insects. Using sound, vertebrates and many insects are capable of sensing their prey, identifying and locating their predators, warning other individuals, and locating potential mates and rivals by hearing the intentional or unintentional sounds they make. In general, any animal that reacts to sounds or communicates by means of sound, needs to have an auditory mechanism. This typically consists of a membrane capable of vibration known as the tympanum, an air-filled chamber and sensory organs to detect the auditory stimuli. Anurans In frogs and toads, the tympanum is a large external oval shape membrane made up of nonglandular skin. It is located just behind the eye. It does not process sound waves; it simply transmits them to the inner parts of the amphibian's ear, which is protected from the entry of water and other foreign objects. A frog's ear drum works ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vocal Sac
The vocal sac is the flexible membrane of skin possessed by most male frogs and toads. The purpose of the vocal sac is usually as an amplification of their mating or advertisement call. The presence or development of the vocal sac is one way of externally determining the sex of a frog or toad in many species; taking frogs as an example; The vocal sac is open to the mouth cavity of the frog, with two slits on either side of the tongue. To call, the frog inflates its lungs and shuts its nose and mouth. Air is then expelled from the lungs, through the larynx, and into the vocal sac. The vibrations of the larynx emits a sound, which resonates on the elastic membrane of the vocal sac. The resonance causes the sound to be amplified and allows the call to carry further. Muscles within the body wall force the air back and forth between the lungs and vocal sac. Development The development of the vocal sac is different in most species, however they mostly follow the same process. The d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tadpole
A tadpole is the larval stage in the biological life cycle of an amphibian. Most tadpoles are fully aquatic, though some species of amphibians have tadpoles that are terrestrial. Tadpoles have some fish-like features that may not be found in adult amphibians such as a lateral line, gills and swimming tails. As they undergo metamorphosis, they start to develop functional lungs for breathing air, and the diet of tadpoles changes drastically. A few amphibians, such as some members of the frog family Brevicipitidae, undergo direct development i.e., they do not undergo a free-living larval stage as tadpoles instead emerging from eggs as fully formed "froglet" miniatures of the adult morphology. Some other species hatch into tadpoles underneath the skin of the female adult or are kept in a pouch until after metamorphosis. Having no hard skeletons, it might be expected that tadpole fossils would not exist. However, traces of biofilms have been preserved and fossil tadpoles have ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nguru Mountains
The Nguru Mountains are a mountain range in Morogoro Region, Tanzania, Africa. The Nguru Mountains are part of the Eastern Arc Mountains. The mountains are predominantly covered with rainforest, home to 83 species of birds (Romdal 2001) and African violets. There are a number of forest reserves in the mountains. Geography The Nguru Mountains cover an area of 1672.90 km². The highest elevation is 2400 meters in Nguru South. The range runs roughly northeast-southwest, and is split by the valley of the Mjonga River, a tributary of the Wami River. The range lies in the watershed of the Wami. The plain of the Wami and its tributary the Mkata lies to the southeast and east. The Uluguru Mountains lie to the southeast across the plain. The Ukaguru Mountains lie to the southwest, and the Nguu Mountains lie to the north; both ranges are separated from the Nguru Mountains by low hills. More hilly country separates the Maasai Steppe the northwest. Climate The Nguru mountains interce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
