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Artemic Khalatov
Artemic (Artashes) Bagratovich Khalatov (Russian: Артемий Багратович Халатов; 15 (27) April 1894 – 26 September 1937 or 27 October 1938)(sources differ) was a Bolshevik revolutionary and Soviet Union, Soviet politician who was the director of the Soviet Union's Publishing houses in the Soviet Union, State Publishing House, from 1927 to 1932. He was executed during the Great Purge. Biography Khalatov was born Artashes Khalatiants in Baku. Although official biographies described him as coming from a working-class background, more recent research has shown that he was born into the family of a wealthy Armenians , Armenian merchant. He was a student in the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics , Moscow Commercial Institute and joined a Marxist circle while studying. After meeting Anastas Mikoyan he became involved in revolutionary activities. After the February Revolution of March 1917, Khalatov became deputy chairman of the Moscow City Food Committee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
October Revolution
The October Revolution,. officially known as the Great October Socialist Revolution. in the Soviet Union, also known as the Bolshevik Revolution, was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolshevik Party of Vladimir Lenin that was a key moment in the larger Russian Revolution of 1917–1923. It was the second revolutionary change of government in Russia in 1917. It took place through an armed insurrection in Petrograd (now Saint Petersburg) on . It was the precipitating event of the Russian Civil War. The October Revolution followed and capitalized on the February Revolution earlier that year, which had overthrown the Tsarist autocracy, resulting in a liberal provisional government. The provisional government had taken power after being proclaimed by Grand Duke Michael, Tsar Nicholas II's younger brother, who declined to take power after the Tsar stepped down. During this time, urban workers began to organize into councils (soviets) wherein revolutionaries criticized the pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (Russian: Рабо́че-крестья́нская Кра́сная армия),) often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and, after 1922, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The army was established in January 1918. The Bolsheviks raised an army to oppose the military confederations (especially the various groups collectively known as the White Army) of their adversaries during the Russian Civil War. Starting in February 1946, the Red Army, along with the Soviet Navy, embodied the main component of the Soviet Armed Forces; taking the official name of "Soviet Army", until its dissolution in 1991. The Red Army provided the largest land force in the Allied victory in the European theatre of World War II, and its invasion of Manchuria assisted the unconditional surrender of Imperial Japan. During operations on the Eastern Front, it accounted for 75–80% of casual ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU),; abbreviated in Russian as or also known by #Name, various other names during its history, was the founding and ruling party of the Soviet Union. The CPSU was the One-party state, sole governing party of the Soviet Union until 1990 when the Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union, Congress of People's Deputies modified Article 6 of the Soviet Constitution, Article 6 of the 1977 Soviet Constitution, which had previously granted the CPSU a monopoly over the political system. The party has its roots in the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP). The RSDLP was founded in 1898, when Russian Empire, Russia was ruled by an absolute monarchy. The broad anti-Tsarist ideology was the driving factor in its initial growth. Russians across the political spectrum flocked to the party, as Marxism, Marxists, socialists, and centrists made up its ranks. Despite the Tsar's harsh oppression including imprisoning and even executing p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Party Line (politics)
In politics, "the line", "the party line", or "the lines to take" is an idiom for a political party or social movement's canon agenda, as well as ideological elements specific to the organization's partisanship. The common phrase " toeing the party line" describes a person who speaks in a manner that conforms to their political party's agenda. Likewise, a party-line vote is one in which most or all of the legislators from each political party voted in accordance with that party's policies. In several countries, a whip attempts to ensure this. The Marxist–Leninist concept of democratic centralism involves strict adherence to, and defence of, a communist party's positions in public known as the general line of the party or political line. According to the American educator Herbert Kohl, writing about debates in New York in the late 1940s and early 1950s, " e term 'politically correct' was used disparagingly to refer to someone whose loyalty to the CP line overrode compassion ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NKVD
The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (russian: Наро́дный комиссариа́т вну́тренних дел, Naródnyy komissariát vnútrennikh del, ), abbreviated NKVD ( ), was the interior ministry of the Soviet Union. Established in 1917 as NKVD of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, the agency was originally tasked with conducting regular police work and overseeing the country's prisons and labor camps. It was disbanded in 1930, with its functions being dispersed among other agencies, only to be reinstated as an all-union commissariat in 1934. The functions of the OGPU (the secret police organization) were transferred to the NKVD around the year 1930, giving it a monopoly over law enforcement activities that lasted until the end of World War II. During this period, the NKVD included both ordinary public order activities, and secret police activities. The NKVD is known for its role in political repression and for carrying out the Great ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chubar And Khalatov 1936
Chubar ( fa, چوبر, also Romanized as Chūbar, Choobar, and Chūbor; also known as Chāhbēr) is a city in Haviq District, Talesh County, Gilan Province, Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni .... At the 2006 census, its population was 1,481, in 374 families. Language Linguistic composition of the city. References Populated places in Talesh County Cities in Gilan Province {{Talesh-geo-stub Azerbaijani settlements in Gilan Province ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Censorship In The Soviet Union
Censorship in the Soviet Union was pervasive and strictly enforced. Censorship was performed in two main directions: *State secrets were handled by the General Directorate for the Protection of State Secrets in the Press (also known as Glavlit), which was in charge of censoring all publications and broadcasting for state secrets *Censorship, in accordance with the official ideology and politics of the Communist Party was performed by several organizations: **Goskomizdat censored all printed matter: fiction, poetry, etc. **Goskino, in charge of cinema **Gosteleradio, in charge of radio and television broadcasting **The First Department in many agencies and institutions, such as the State Statistical Committee (Goskomstat), was responsible for assuring that state secrets and other sensitive information only reached authorized hands. Destruction of printed matter The Soviet government implemented mass destruction of pre-revolutionary and foreign books and journals from librarie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
OGIZ
Publishing houses in the Soviet Union were a series of publishing enterprises which existed in the Soviet Union. Centralization On 8 August 1930, the Sovnarkom of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) established the state publishing monopoly, OGIZ (, , Union of the State Book and Magazine Publishers), subordinated to . At its core was the former . Other union republics followed the same pattern. During the era of centralization the names of the most publishers contained the acronym "" ("giz") standing for "" (', i.e., "State Publisher", S.P.). List Early publishers As of 1 January 1930, there were 995 publishers in the RSFSR alone. * «» (New Moscow) * «» (Down with Illiteracy) * «» * «» () (World Literature (Publishing House)) (1919–1924) Period of centralization * () (State Publishing House) * «» (Land and Factory) * «» (The Moscow Worker) * «» (The Young Guard) * (Great Soviet Encyclopedia) * «» (The Worker for Enlightenment) * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gosizdat
State Publishing House of the RSFSR (Russian: Госуда́рственное изда́тельство РСФСР), also known as Gosizdat (Госиздат), was a publishing house founded in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic on 21 May 1919. It was to become one of the principal publishing houses in the Soviet Union. In 1930 it was superseded by OGIZ ( :ru:Объединение государственных книжно-журнальных издательств). History It was formed at the People's Commissariat of Education of the RSFSR on May 20, 1919 in accordance with the Regulations of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and on the initiative of Anatoly Lunacharsky. The publishing house was headed by an editorial board, the chairman and members of which were provided by the People's Commissariat of Education, appointed by the Council of People's Commissars and approved by the All-Russian Central Executive Commission The decree founding Gosizd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
USSR
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national republics; in practice, both its government and its economy were highly centralized until its final years. It was a one-party state governed by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, with the city of Moscow serving as its capital as well as that of its largest and most populous republic: the Russian SFSR. Other major cities included Leningrad (Russian SFSR), Kiev ( Ukrainian SSR), Minsk ( Byelorussian SSR), Tashkent (Uzbek SSR), Alma-Ata (Kazakh SSR), and Novosibirsk (Russian SFSR). It was the largest country in the world, covering over and spanning eleven time zones. The country's roots lay in the October Revolution of 1917, when the Bolsheviks, under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, overthrew the Russian Provisional Gove ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Council Of People's Commissars
The Councils of People's Commissars (SNK; russian: Совет народных комиссаров (СНК), ''Sovet narodnykh kommissarov''), commonly known as the ''Sovnarkom'' (Совнарком), were the highest executive authorities of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR), the Soviet Union (USSR), and the Soviet republics from 1917 to 1946. The Sovnarkom of the RSFSR was founded in the Russian Republic soon after the October Revolution in 1917 and its role was formalized in the 1918 Constitution of the RSFSR to be responsible to the Congress of Soviets of the RSFSR for the "general administration of the affairs of the state". Unlike its predecessor the Russian Provisional Government which had representatives of various political parties, the Sovnarkom was a government of a single party, the Bolsheviks. The Sovnarkom of the USSR and Congress of Soviets of the USSR founded in 1922 were modelled on the RSFSR system, and identical Sovnarkom bodies wer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mossoviet
The Mossoviet (Russian: Моссовет), an abbreviation of Moscow Soviet (Московский Совет, ''Moskovskij Sovet''), was established following the February Revolution . Initially it was a parallel, shadow city administration of Moscow, Russia run by left-wing parties. Following the October Revolution it became the city administration of Moscow throughout the Soviet period (1918–1991). Initial period The first meeting of the Moscow Soviet of Workers’ Deputies occurred on 1 March 1917. The meeting was initially attended by 52 delegates from various factories, cooperative societies and trade unions. However, when the meeting was reconvened in the evening after a short adjournment, the meeting had swollen to over six hundred delegates. An executive committee of 44 members was created under the leadership of Lev Khinchuk a member of the Menshevik faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. After the Bolshevik seizure of power Between 1918 and 1941, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
