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Ars Subtilior
''Ars subtilior'' (Latin for 'subtler art') is a musical style characterized by rhythmic and notational complexity, centered on Paris, Avignon in southern France, and also in northern Spain at the end of the fourteenth century.Hoppin 1978, 472–73. The style also is found in the French Cypriot repertory. Often the term is used in contrast with ars nova, which applies to the musical style of the preceding period from about 1310 to about 1370; though some scholars prefer to consider ''ars subtilior'' a subcategory of the earlier style. Primary sources for ''ars subtilior'' are the Chantilly Codex, the Modena Codex (Mod A M 5.24), and the Turin Manuscript (Torino J.II.9). Overview and history Musically, the productions of the ''ars subtilior'' are highly refined, complex, and difficult to sing, and probably were produced, sung, and enjoyed by a small audience of specialists and connoisseurs. Musicologist Richard Hoppin suggests the superlative ''ars subtilissima'', saying, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Perpetual Canon
A round (also called a perpetual canon 'canon perpetuus''or infinite canon) is a musical composition, a limited type of canon, in which a minimum of three voices sing exactly the same melody at the unison (and may continue repeating it indefinitely), but with each voice beginning at different times so that different parts of the melody coincide in the different voices, but nevertheless fit harmoniously together. It is one of the easiest forms of part singing, as only one line of melody need be learned by all parts, and is part of a popular musical tradition. They were particularly favoured in glee clubs, which combined amateur singing with regular drinking. The earliest known rounds date from 12th century Europe. One characteristic of rounds is that, "There is no fixed ending," in the sense that they may be repeated as many times as possible, although many do have "fixed" endings, often indicated by a fermata. "Row, Row, Row Your Boat" is a well-known children's round for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Matteo Da Perugia
Matteo da Perugia ( fl. 1400–1416) was a Medieval Italian composer, presumably from Perugia. From 1402 to 1407 he was the first ''magister cappellae'' of the Milan Cathedral; his duties included being cantor and teaching three boys selected by the Cathedral deputies. Life and career Little is known about his life apart from this. Willi Apel asserted that he was the principal composer of his generation, but this claim was challenged by Heinrich Besseler, and Matteo's historical position remains an open question. Neither has there yet been a thorough stylistic study of his compositions. He wrote many contra-tenors to existing works, which resulted in many of these being wrongly ascribed to him. Matteo wrote in many forms, including the ''virelai,'' the ''ballade,'' and the '' rondeau.'' One of his patrons was Antipope Alexander V."Matteo da Perugia", ''Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians'', 2001. HighBeam Research. (September 17, 2012). References Sources * Günther, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Egidius (Chantilly Codex Composer)
Egidius, sometimes Magister Egidius, (c. 1350-1400?) is an ''ars subtilior'' composer found in the ''Chantilly Codex'' and the ''Modena Codex.'' Works attributed to "Egidius" in the ''Chantilly Codex'' comprise the ballades ''Roses et lis'' and ''Courtois et sage,'' dedicated to Pope Clement VII in Avignon. He is potentially identifiable with Egidius de Murino Egidius de Francia (; also Egidius de Murino or Magister Frater Egidius) was a French music theorist of medieval music, known for the short treatise ''De motettis componendis''. He possibly was an Augustinian friar, as in a miniature illuminatio ..., a composer and music theorist active at the same time.Garber, Benjamin"Egidius de Murino" from Medieval France: An Encyclopedia. William Kibler, ed. Garland 1995. p.316. Egidius de Aurelia (Egidius of Orleans), composer of "Alma Polis" and "Axe poli cum artica" is thought to be a different composer. References {{DEFAULTSORT:Egidius, Magister Ars subtilior composers Bel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johannes Cuvelier
Johannes Cuvelier (''fl'' c. 1372–d. after 1387) was a composer of the ''Ars subtilior'', whose surviving works are preserved in the Chantilly Codex. He was possibly born in Tournai and worked at the court of Charles V. His most important work is the poem '' La Chanson de Bertrand du Guesclin'', a tribute to the Breton military commander Bertrand du Guesclin Bertrand du Guesclin ( br, Beltram Gwesklin; 1320 – 13 July 1380), nicknamed "The Eagle of Brittany" or "The Black Dog of Brocéliande", was a Breton knight and an important military commander on the French side during the Hundred Years' W .... References Ars subtilior composers 14th-century births Year of death unknown French classical composers Musicians from Tournai 14th-century French composers {{France-composer-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anthonello De Caserta
Antonello da Caserta, also Anthonello de Casetta, Antonellus Marot, was an Italian composer of the medieval era, active in the late 14th and early 15th centuries. Life and career Essentially nothing is known of Antonello's life. Earlier in the 20th century, Nino Pirrotta thought Caserta was a Neapolitan composer, but because most of his surviving works are in northern Italian manuscripts, this is now doubted . Allusions in his texts suggest that he worked for the Visconti family in Milan around the turn of the 15th century , and a "frater Antoniello de Caserta" mentioned in an archival document may indicate that he was at the Visconti curt in Pavia in 1402 . Antonello was a monk, though the order to which he belonged is not known. Music Antonello da Caserta is one of the more renowned composers of the generation after Guillaume de Machaut. Antonello set texts in both French and Italian, including ''Beauté parfaite'' of Machaut; this is the only surviving musical setting of a poem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacob Senleches
Jacob Senleches ( fl. 1382/1383 – 1395) (also Jacob de Senlechos .e. Senleches'' and Jacopinus Senlesses) was a Franco-Flemish composer and harpist of the late Middle Ages. He composed in a style commonly known as the ''ars subtilior''. Life and career It has been suggested that Jacob Senleches was born in Senleches (or Sanlesches) in Cambrai, today France. In 1382, Senleches seems to have been present at the court of Eleanor of Aragon, Queen of Castile (d. September 1382), possibly in her service. In ''Fuions de ci,'' he laments Eleanor's death and resolves to seek his fortune either "en Aragon, en France ou en Bretaingne". Afterwards, he is found in the service of Pedro de Luna, Cardinal of Aragon (later Antipope Benedict XIII, 1394–1423), as a harpist. There is a treasury document assigning payments to one "Jaquemin de Sanleches, juglar de harpe" from the royal household in Navarra dated August 21, 1383. The payment was made so that Jacquemin could return to "his master", P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baude Cordier
Baude Cordier () was a French composer in the style of late medieval music. Virtually nothing is known of Cordier's life, aside from an inscription on one of his works which indicates he was born in Rheims and had a Master of Arts. Some scholars identify him with Baude Fresnel, a harpist and organist in the court of Philip the Bold, though other scholars have rejected this. He is best known for his unique and experimental notational methods, often with shapes relating to the subject matter. These include a heart-shaped staff in ''Belle, Bonne, Sage'', a rondeau about love, and numerous circles in the ''Tout par compas suy composés'' rondeau. Such an approach is thought to have inspired later composers, ranging from Gilles Binchois to Karlheinz Stockhausen. Identity It has been suggested that Cordier was the pen name of Baude Fresnel. Music Cordier's works are considered among the prime examples of ''ars subtilior''. In line with that cultural trend, he was fond of using re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eye Music
Eye music (often referred to in English by its exact German translation ''Augenmusik'') describes graphical features of scores which when performed are unnoticeable by the listener. Difficulties in defining eye music By simple definition eye music is when the graphic notation of music is altered in some meaningful way visible to the performers. Often the changed "meaning" of the altered notation is enhanced by the music having compositional elements of melody and form such as word painting Word painting, also known as tone painting or text painting, is the musical technique of composing music that reflects the literal meaning of a song's lyrics or story elements in programmatic music. Historical development Tone painting of words ... and Canon (music), canon. Moreover, the concept is demonstrated by sometimes differing perceptions of composer, performer, and listener.Dart, Thurston. "Eye music." New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, Stanley Sadie, ed. London:Macmillan, 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhône River
The Rhône ( , ; wae, Rotten ; frp, Rôno ; oc, Ròse ) is a major river in France and Switzerland, rising in the Alps and flowing west and south through Lake Geneva and southeastern France before discharging into the Mediterranean Sea. At Arles, near its mouth, the river divides into the Great Rhône (french: le Grand Rhône, links=no) and the Little Rhône (). The resulting delta forms the Camargue region. The river's source is the Rhône Glacier, at the east edge of the Swiss canton of Valais. The glacier is part of the Saint-Gotthard Massif, which gives rise to three other major rivers: the Reuss, Rhine and Ticino. The Rhône is, with the Po and Nile, one of the three Mediterranean rivers with the largest water discharge. Etymology The name ''Rhône'' continues the Latin name (Greek ) in Greco-Roman geography. The Gaulish name of the river was or (from a PIE root *''ret-'' "to run, roll" frequently found in river names). Names in other languages include german: Rh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Western Schism
The Western Schism, also known as the Papal Schism, the Vatican Standoff, the Great Occidental Schism, or the Schism of 1378 (), was a split within the Catholic Church lasting from 1378 to 1417 in which bishops residing in Rome and Avignon both claimed to be the true pope, and were joined by a third line of Pisan claimants in 1409. The schism was driven by personalities and political allegiances, with the Avignon papacy being closely associated with the French monarchy. These rival claims to the papal throne damaged the prestige of the office. The papacy had resided in Avignon since 1309, but Pope Gregory XI returned to Rome in 1377. However, the Catholic Church split in 1378 when the College of Cardinals declared it had elected both Urban VI and Clement VII pope within six months of Gregory XI's death. After several attempts at reconciliation, the Council of Pisa (1409) declared that both rivals were illegitimate and declared elected a third purported pope. The schism was f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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