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Arriagadoolithidae
Arriagadoolithidae is an oofamily of fossil eggs, representing the eggs of Alvarezsaurs. Description The eggs are well stratified with three layers: the external, the prismatic, and the mammillary. The connection between prismatic and external layers is abrupt. The eggshell is similar to that of birds, and has ornamentation similar to that of Elongatoolithids. History Previously, Arriagadoolithid eggs were considered to be Elongatoolithids, because the similarities in shell ornamentation. However, they have quite distinct eggshell structure, which was recognized by Jackson and Varricchio (2010) when they named a new oogenus, '' Triprismatoolithus''. The oofamily was first described in 2012, following the discovery of fossil eggs associated with the Alvarezsaur, ''Bonapartenykus''; Agnolin ''et al'' erected a new oogenus, ''Arriagadoolithus ''Arriagadoolithus'' is the oogenus of fossil eggs which includes the eggs of the alvarezsaurid ''Bonapartenykus''. Fossils of the creature ...
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Triprismatoolithus
''Triprismatoolithus'' is an oogenus of dinosaur egg native to Teton County, Montana. It is classified in the oofamily Arriagadoolithidae, the eggs of alvarezsaurs. Distribution ''Triprismatoolithus'' is known exclusively from Sevenmile Hill, a fossil site at the Two Medicine Formation in Teton County, Montana. It is the oldest known fossil egg site at that formation, dating to 80 million years ago, the early part of the Campanian. History Fossil eggs are common from the upper part of the Two Medicine formation, but it was not until 2010 that paleontologists discovered eggs in the lower part, including ''Triprismatoolithus''. They were discovered by two paleontologists from the University of Montana: Frankie D. Jackson and David J. Varricchio. It remained of uncertain classification (because no similar eggs were known) until 2012 when Agnolin '' et al.'' discovered similar eggs associated with ''Bonapartenykus'', which they classified with ''Triprismatoolithus'' in a new oofamily ...
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Arriagadoolithus
''Arriagadoolithus'' is the oogenus of fossil eggs which includes the eggs of the alvarezsaurid ''Bonapartenykus''. Fossils of the creature were found in Patagonia; it may have brooded on its eggs. Description ''Arriagadoolithus patagoniensis'' is known from two partial eggs both found associated with a skeleton of ''Bonapartenykus ultimus''. The eggs are about in maximum width, but the length of the eggs and whether or not they were symmetric are unknown. Unlike most non-avian dinosaur eggs,Laura E. Wilson, Karen Chin, Frankie D. Jackson, and Emily S. BrayII. Eggshell morphology and structure ''UCMP Online Exhibits: Fossil Eggshell'' ''Arriagadoolithus'' shell has three layers (external, prismatic, and mammillary). The shell is approximately thick. The outer surface of its eggshell is covered with two distinct ornamentation patterns: the unique dendro-reticulate ornament, made up of randomly interconnecting ridges with nodes along the ridges or where they intersect; and the pl ...
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Oofamily
Egg fossils are the fossilized remains of eggs laid by ancient animals. As evidence of the physiological processes of an animal, egg fossils are considered a type of trace fossil. Under rare circumstances a fossil egg may preserve the remains of the once- developing embryo inside, in which case it also contains body fossils. A wide variety of different animal groups laid eggs that are now preserved in the fossil record beginning in the Paleozoic. Examples include invertebrates like ammonoids as well as vertebrates like fishes, possible amphibians, and reptiles. The latter group includes the many dinosaur eggs that have been recovered from Mesozoic strata. Since the organism responsible for laying any given egg fossil is frequently unknown, scientists classify eggs using a parallel system of taxonomy separate from but modeled after the Linnaean system. This "parataxonomy" is called ''veterovata''. History The first named oospecies was '' Oolithes bathonicae'', a name given provisi ...
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Fossil Egg
Egg fossils are the fossilized remains of eggs laid by ancient animals. As evidence of the physiological processes of an animal, egg fossils are considered a type of trace fossil. Under rare circumstances a fossil egg may preserve the remains of the once- developing embryo inside, in which case it also contains body fossils. A wide variety of different animal groups laid eggs that are now preserved in the fossil record beginning in the Paleozoic. Examples include invertebrates like ammonoids as well as vertebrates like fishes, possible amphibians, and reptiles. The latter group includes the many dinosaur eggs that have been recovered from Mesozoic strata. Since the organism responsible for laying any given egg fossil is frequently unknown, scientists classify eggs using a parallel system of taxonomy separate from but modeled after the Linnaean system. This "parataxonomy" is called ''veterovata''. History The first named oospecies was '' Oolithes bathonicae'', a name given provisi ...
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Bonapartenykus
''Bonapartenykus'' (meaning "José F. Bonaparte's claw") is a monospecific genus of alvarezsauroid dinosaur from Argentina that lived during the Late Cretaceous (Campanian-Maastrichtian) in what is now the upper Allen Formation of the Río Negro Province. The type and only species, ''Bonapartenykus ultimus'', is known from a nearly articulated but partial skeleton that was found in close association to two incomplete eggs and several clusters of eggshells belonging to the oogenus ''Arriagadoolithus''. ''Bonapartenykus'' was named in 2012 by Federico L. Agnolin, Jaime E. Powell, Fernando E. Novas and Martin Kundrát. ''Bonapartenykus'' has an estimated length of and weight of , making it the largest member of the clade Alvarezsauroidea. Discovery and Naming A partial skeleton of a theropod with eggs was collected in a surface of approximately 30 m2 in fluvial sandstones of the upper Allen Formation in northwestern Patagonia, Argentina. The locality has also produced specimens o ...
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Late Cretaceous
The Late Cretaceous (100.5–66 Ma) is the younger of two epochs into which the Cretaceous Period is divided in the geologic time scale. Rock strata from this epoch form the Upper Cretaceous Series. The Cretaceous is named after ''creta'', the Latin word for the white limestone known as chalk. The chalk of northern France and the white cliffs of south-eastern England date from the Cretaceous Period. Climate During the Late Cretaceous, the climate was warmer than present, although throughout the period a cooling trend is evident. The tropics became restricted to equatorial regions and northern latitudes experienced markedly more seasonal climatic conditions. Geography Due to plate tectonics, the Americas were gradually moving westward, causing the Atlantic Ocean to expand. The Western Interior Seaway divided North America into eastern and western halves; Appalachia and Laramidia. India maintained a northward course towards Asia. In the Southern Hemisphere, Australia and Ant ...
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Federico L
Federico (; ) is a given name and surname. It is a form of Frederick, most commonly found in Spanish, Portuguese and Italian. People with the given name Federico Artists * Federico Ágreda, Venezuelan composer and DJ. * Federico Aguilar Alcuaz, renowned Filipino painter. * Federico Andahazi, Argentine writer and psychologist. * Federico Casagrande, Italian jazz guitarist * Federico Castelluccio, Italian-American actor who is most famous for his role as Furio Giunta on the HBO TV series, The Sopranos * Federico Cortese, Italian conductor, Music Director of the Boston Youth Symphony Orchestras and the Harvard Radcliffe Orchestra * Federico Elizalde, Filipino marksman and musician * Federico Fellini, Italian film-maker and director * Federico García Lorca, Spanish poet and playwright * Federico Luppi, Argentine film, TV, radio and theatre actor * Federico Ricci, Italian composer Athletes * Federico Bruno (born 1993), Argentine distance runner * Federico Chiesa, Italian fo ...
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2012 In Paleontology
Note: In 2012, the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature was amended, with new regulations allowing the publication of new names and nomenclatural acts in zoology after 2011, in works "produced in an edition containing simultaneously obtainable copies by a method that assures (...) widely accessible electronic copies with fixed content and layout", provided that the work is registered in ZooBank before it is published, the work itself states the date of publication with evidence that registration has occurred, and the ZooBank registration states both the name of an electronic archive intended to preserve the work and the ISSN or ISBN associated with the work. New scientific names appearing in electronic works are not required to be registered in ZooBank, only the works themselves are. Works containing descriptions of some of the taxa listed below were not printed on paper in 2012; however, the taxa that were described in works which were registered in ZooBank in 2012 are ...
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Alvarezsauridae
Alvarezsauridae is a family of small, long-legged dinosaurs. Although originally thought to represent the earliest known flightless birds, they are now thought to be an early diverging branch of maniraptoran theropods. Alvarezsaurids were highly specialized. They had tiny but stout forelimbs, with compact, bird-like hands. Their skeletons suggest that they had massive breast and arm muscles, possibly adapted for digging or tearing. They had long, tube-shaped snouts filled with tiny teeth. They have been interpreted as myrmecophagous, adapted to prey on colonial insects such as termites, with the short arms acting as effective digging instruments to break into nests. ''Alvarezsaurus'', the type genus of the family, was named for the historian Gregorio Álvarez. History of study Bonaparte (1991) described the first alvarezsaurid, ''Alvarezsaurus calvoi'', from an incomplete skeleton found in Patagonia, Argentina. Bonaparte also named a family, Alvarezsauridae, to contain it. He a ...
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Bird
Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class Aves (), characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweight skeleton. Birds live worldwide and range in size from the bee hummingbird to the ostrich. There are about ten thousand living species, more than half of which are passerine, or "perching" birds. Birds have whose development varies according to species; the only known groups without wings are the extinct moa and elephant birds. Wings, which are modified forelimbs, gave birds the ability to fly, although further evolution has led to the loss of flight in some birds, including ratites, penguins, and diverse endemic island species. The digestive and respiratory systems of birds are also uniquely adapted for flight. Some bird species of aquatic environments, particularly seabirds and some waterbirds, have further evolved for swimming. B ...
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Elongatoolithidae
Elongatoolithidae is an oofamily of fossil eggs, representing the eggs of oviraptorosaurs (with the exception of the avian '' Ornitholithus''). They are known for their highly elongated shape. Elongatoolithids have been found in Europe, Asia, and both North and South America.Simon, D. J. (2014).Giant Dinosaur (theropod) Eggs of the Oogenus Macroelongatoolithus (Elongatoolithidae) from Southeastern Idaho: Taxonomic, Paleobiogeographic, and Reproductive Implications. (Doctoral dissertation, Montana State University, Bozeman). Distribution Elongatoolithids have a very broad distribution. They have been found across Asia and the US, as well as in Spain, France, and Argentina, with ages ranging from lower Cretaceous to the Paleocene. Description Elongatoolithids are, as their name suggests, highly elongated eggs; they are at least twice as long as they are wide. They vary widely in size, ranging from the 7 cm long ''Elongatoolithus chichengshanensis'' to the gigantic 60 cm ' ...
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