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Arnaldo Azzi
Arnaldo Azzi (23 December 1885 – 25 November 1957) was an Italian general and politician. During World War II, he commanded the 101st Motorised Division Trieste in the North African campaign and the 41st Infantry Division Firenze in Albania. After the armistice of Cassibile the men under his command resisted German attempts at being disarmed and joined the National Liberation Movement (Albania), Albanian partisans to fight against the Axis. After the war he was elected the Constituent Assembly of Italy, Italian Constituent Assembly for the centre-left Italian Republican Party and later a member of the Chamber of Deputies (Italy), Chamber of Deputies for the Italian Socialist Party. Biography Early military career Arnaldo Azzi was born in Ceneselli, in the province of Rovigo, Veneto region, on 23 December 1885. He enlisted in the Royal Army in 1910. He took part in the Italo-Turkish War, Italo-Turkish war and was promoted to the rank of lieutenant on 6 September 1913. He fou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chamber Of Deputies (Italy)
The Chamber of Deputies ( it, Camera dei deputati) is the lower house of the bicameral Italian Parliament (the other being the Senate of the Republic). The two houses together form a perfect bicameral system, meaning they perform identical functions, but do so separately. The Chamber of Deputies has 400 seats, of which 392 will be elected from Italian constituencies, and 8 from Italian citizens living abroad. Deputies are styled ''The Honourable'' (Italian: ''Onorevole'') and meet at Palazzo Montecitorio. Location The seat of the Chamber of Deputies is the ''Palazzo Montecitorio'', where it has met since 1871, shortly after the capital of the Kingdom of Italy was moved to Rome at the successful conclusion of the Italian unification ''Risorgimento'' movement. Previously, the seat of the Chamber of Deputies of the Kingdom of Italy had been briefly at the ''Palazzo Carignano'' in Turin (1861–1865) and the ''Palazzo Vecchio'' in Florence (1865–1871). Under the Fascist regime o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Liberation Movement (Albania)
The National Liberation Movement ( sq, Lëvizja Nacional-Çlirimtare; or ''Lëvizja Antifashiste Nacional-Çlirimtare'' (LANÇ)), also translated as National Liberation Front, was an Albanian communist resistance organization that fought in World War II. It was created on 16 September 1942, in a conference held in Pezë, a village near Tirana, and was led by Enver Hoxha. Apart from the figures which had the majority in the General Council it also included known nationalists like Myslim Peza. In May 1944, the Albanian National Liberation Front was transformed into the government of Albania and its leaders became government members, and in August 1945, it was replaced by the Democratic Front. The Albanian National Liberation Army (''Ushtria Nacional-Çlirimtare'') was the army created by the National Liberation Movement. Background Italian invasion Albania did not put an organized resistance to the Italian invasion (April 7–12, 1939). However different Albanian groups of patri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II In Albania
In Albania, World War II began with its invasion by Italy in April 1939. Fascist Italy set up Albania as its protectorate or puppet state. The resistance was largely carried out by Communist groups against the Italian (until 1943) and then German occupation in Albania. At first independent, the Communist groups united in the beginning of 1942, which ultimately led to the successful liberation of the country in 1944. The Center for Relief to Civilian Populations (Geneva) reported that Albania was one of the most devastated countries in Europe. 60,000 houses were destroyed and about 10% of the population was left homeless. Background As Germany annexed Austria and moved against Czechoslovakia, Italy saw itself becoming a second-rate member of the Axis. After Hitler invaded Czechoslovakia without notifying Mussolini in advance, the Italian dictator decided in early 1939 to proceed with his own annexation of Albania. Italy's King Victor Emmanuel III criticised the plan to take A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Army Group East (Italy)
Army Group East (Italian: ''Gruppo d'Armate Est'') was an Army Group of the Royal Italian Army in World War II. It was established on 1 September 1939 with headquarters in Rome, under the command of Marshal of Italy Rodolfo Graziani, with the task of directing future war operations in northeastern Italy. When Graziani was appointed Chief of Staff of the Royal Italian Army on 3 November 1939, he left the command of Army Group East, being replaced by General Camillo Grossi; at the same time the headquarters of the Army Group were moved to Cervignano del Friuli. When Italy entered World War II, on 10 June 1940, Army Group East was composed of the Second Army (General Vittorio Ambrosio), deployed along the border with Yugoslavia, of the Army of the Po (General Mario Vercellino) stationed in Lombardy, and of the Eighth Army (General Adalberto of Savoy-Genova), stationed between Veneto and Romagna. One month after the start of the war, however, the Army Group was dissolved without havin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
9th Army (Italy)
The 9th Army ( it, 9ª Armata) was a World War I and World War II field army of the Royal Italian Army. World War I After the Battle of Caporetto (November 1917) the Italian Army was completely reorganized by Armando Diaz. The new 9th Italian Army was formed under command of Paolo Morrone. It consisted of: * two army corps * one cavalry corps * the 6th Czechoslovak Division It participated as reserve in the successful battles of the Piave River (June 1918) and Vittorio Veneto (October–November 1918). World War II It was involved in the abortive Italian invasion of Greece in 1940, and the invasion of Yugoslavia in 1941. It then became the Italian garrison of the occupied or annexed territories of the Kingdom of Albania and the Italian governorate of Montenegro until the Italian surrender in 1943. Its commanders were * Mario Vercellino (1940-1941) * Alessandro Pirzio Biroli (1941 - July 1943) * Renzo Dalmazzo Lorenzo "Renzo" Dalmazzo was an Italian lieutenant general a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
41st Infantry Division "Firenze"
The 41st Infantry Division "Firenze" ( it, 41ª Divisione di fanteria "Firenze") was an infantry division of the Royal Italian Army during World War II. The Firenze was formed on 15 September 1939 in Florence ( it, Firenze) and named for the city. The division recruited primarily in Tuscany. After the announcement of the Armistice of Cassibile on 8 September 1943 the division resisted German attempts to disbanded it and on 28 September 1943 the division dissolved itself and formed partisan formations, which joined the Albanian National Liberation Army. History World War I The division's lineage begins with the Brigade "Firenze" established in Florence in March 1915 in preparation for Italy's entry in World War I. The brigade consisted of the 127th and 128th infantry regiments and fought on the Italian front. After the war the brigade was disbanded in February 1920. On 15 September 1939 the 41st Infantry Division "Firenze" was activated in Florence and received its two reactiv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Tobruk (1942)
The Axis capture of Tobruk, also known as the Fall of Tobruk and the Second Battle of Tobruk (17–21 June 1942) was part of the Western Desert campaign in Libya during the World War II, Second World War. The battle was fought by the ( in Italian), a Nazi Germany, German–Kingdom of Italy, Italian military force in north Africa which included the ( Erwin Rommel), against the British Eighth Army (United Kingdom), Eighth Army (General (United Kingdom), General Neil Ritchie) which comprised contingents from Britain, British Raj, India, Union of South Africa, South Africa and other Allies of World War II, Allied nations. Axis forces had conducted the Siege of Tobruk for eight months in 1941 before its defenders, who had become an emblem of resistance, were relieved in December. Claude Auchinleck, the commander-in-chief Middle East Command, had decided not to defend Tobruk for a second time, due to the cost of bringing supplies in by sea; its minefields and barbed wire had been str ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
101st Motorized Division "Trieste"
101st Motorized Division "Trieste" ( it, 101ª Divisione motorizzata "Trieste") was a motorized infantry division of the Royal Italian Army during World War II. The Trieste was formed in 1939 and named for the city of Trieste. The division and its infantry and artillery regiments were based in Piacenza, while the 9th Bersaglieri Regiment was based until 1940 in Treviso and then moved to Cremona to be closer to the division. In September 1941 the Trieste was transferred to Libya for the Western Desert Campaign. The division was decimated in the Second Battle of El Alamein, but was rebuild with the survivors of destroyed divisions. The Trieste then participated in the Tunisian Campaign until Axis forces in Tunisia surrendered to allied forces on 13 May 1943. History The division's lineage begins with the Brigade "Valtellina" established in Turin on 1 August 1861 with the 65th and 66th infantry regiments. World War I The brigade fought on the Italian front in World War I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guardia Alla Frontiera
The Guardia alla Frontiera (GaF), was an Italian Army Border guard created in 1937 who defended the 1,851 km of northern Italian frontiers with the so-called "Vallo Alpino Occidentale" (487 km with France), "Vallo Alpino Settentrionale" (724 km with Switzerland and 420 km with Austria) and "Vallo Alpino Orientale" (220 km with Yugoslavia). In 1940 the GaF had 21,000 military personnel, deployed in eight commands, 27 sectors and seven regiments of artillery. It manned 1,000 fortifications, 6,000 machine guns, 1,000 mortars, 100 Cannone da 47/32 M35 , and another thousand other medium and small-caliber cannons ( 75/27 and 149/35). By 10 June 1940 (Italy's entry into the war) the GaF (not counting colonies in Libya and Albania) contained 23 sectors, 50,000 men, 28 battalions "Vallo Alpino", and 22 battalions of fascist militia. Organization Each command of the army of GaF could be divided into "sectors" (27 areas of coverage, from I to XXVII, along the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal Corps Of Colonial Troops
The Royal Corps of Colonial Troops ( it, Regio Corpo Truppe Coloniali or RCTC) was a corps of the Italian Armed Forces, in which all the Italian colonial troops were grouped until the end of World War II in Africa. History Many of the Askaris in Eritrea were drawn from local Nilotic populations, including Hamid Idris Awate, who reputedly had some Nara ancestry. Of these troops, the first Eritrean battalions were raised in 1888 from Muslim and Christian volunteers, replacing an earlier Bashi-bazouk corps of irregulars. The four ''Indigeni'' battalions in existence by 1891 were incorporated into the Royal Corps of Colonial Troops that year. Expanded to eight battalions, the Eritrean Ascaris fought with distinction at Serobeti, Agordat, Kassala, Coatit and Adwa and subsequently served in Libya and Ethiopia. These troops were deployed on all fronts in Africa from the First Italo-Ethiopian War, the Italian-Turkish war, the conquest of Ethiopia, until World War II. The colonial soldi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Italo-Senussi War
The Second Italo-Senussi War, also referred to as the Pacification of Libya, was a conflict that occurred during the Italian colonization of Libya between Italian military forces (composed mainly of colonial troops from Libya, Eritrea, and Somalia) and indigenous rebels associated with the Senussi Order. The war lasted from 1923 until 1932, when the principal Senussi leader, Omar al-Mukhtar, was captured and executed. Fighting took place in all three of Libya's provinces (Tripolitania, Fezzan, and Cyrenaica), but was most intense and prolonged in the mountainous Jebel Akhdar region of Cyrenaica. The war led to the mass deaths of the indigenous people of Cyrenaica, totalling one quarter of the region's population of 225,000. Italian war crimes included the use of chemical weapons, execution of surrendering combatants, and the mass killing of civilians, while the Senussis were accused of torture and mutilation of captured Italians and refusal to take prisoners since the late 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
