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Arachnothryx Reflexa
''Arachnothryx'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It contains about 107 species. It is found from Mexico to Peru and in Trinidad. Taxonomy ''Arachnothryx'' was named by Jules Émile Planchon in 1849.''Arachnothryx'' In: International Plant Names Index. (see ''External links'' below).Jules Émile Planchon. 1849. ''Flore des Serres et des Jardins de l'Europe'' 5:442 and illustration. (see ''External links'' below). This generic name is derived from Ancient Greek: ''arachne'' or ''arachnos'', "a spider", and ''thrix'' or ''trichos'', "hair". As currently circumscribed, ''Arachnothryx'' is paraphyletic over ''Cuatrecasasiodendron'', ''Gonzalagunia'', and ''Javorkaea''. Some authors have included these genera in a broadly defined '' Rondeletia'', but molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that they are more closely related to '' Guettarda'' than to '' Rondeletia''. Species * ''Arachnothryx aspera'' (Standl.) Borhidi * ''Arachnothryx atravesadensis'' (L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jules Émile Planchon
Jules Émile Planchon (21 March 1823 – 1 April 1888) was a French botanist born in Ganges, Hérault. Biography After receiving his Doctorate of Science at the University of Montpellier in 1844, he worked for a while at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Royal Botanical Gardens in London, and for a few years was a teacher in Nancy, France, Nancy and Ghent. In 1853 he became head of the department of botanical sciences at the University of Montpellier, where he remained for the remainder of his career. Planchon was highly regarded in scientific circles, and made a number of contributions in his classification of botanical species and varieties. He is credited with publishing over 2000 botanical names, including ''Actinidia chinensis'', better known as the "golden kiwifruit". Planchon is remembered for his work in saving French grape vineyards from ''Phylloxera vastatrix'', a microscopic, yellow aphid-like pest that was an exotic species from the United States. He performed this ta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Etymology
Etymology ()The New Oxford Dictionary of English (1998) – p. 633 "Etymology /ˌɛtɪˈmɒlədʒi/ the study of the class in words and the way their meanings have changed throughout time". is the study of the history of the Phonological change, form of words and, by extension, the origin and evolution of their semantic meaning across time. It is a subfield of historical linguistics, and draws upon comparative semantics, Morphology_(linguistics), morphology, semiotics, and phonetics. For languages with a long recorded history, written history, etymologists make use of texts, and texts about the language, to gather knowledge about how words were used during earlier periods, how they developed in Semantics, meaning and Phonological change, form, or when and how they Loanword, entered the language. Etymologists also apply the methods of comparative linguistics to reconstruct information about forms that are too old for any direct information to be available. By analyzing related ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arachnothryx Bertieroides
''Arachnothryx'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It contains about 107 species. It is found from Mexico to Peru and in Trinidad. Taxonomy ''Arachnothryx'' was named by Jules Émile Planchon in 1849.''Arachnothryx'' In: International Plant Names Index. (see ''External links'' below).Jules Émile Planchon. 1849. ''Flore des Serres et des Jardins de l'Europe'' 5:442 and illustration. (see ''External links'' below). This generic name is derived from Ancient Greek: ''arachne'' or ''arachnos'', "a spider", and ''thrix'' or ''trichos'', "hair". As currently circumscribed, ''Arachnothryx'' is paraphyletic over ''Cuatrecasasiodendron'', '' Gonzalagunia'', and ''Javorkaea''. Some authors have included these genera in a broadly defined '' Rondeletia'', but molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that they are more closely related to ''Guettarda'' than to '' Rondeletia''. Species * '' Arachnothryx aspera'' (Standl.) Borhidi * '' Arachnothryx atravesadensis'' (L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arachnothryx Atravesadensis
''Arachnothryx'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It contains about 107 species. It is found from Mexico to Peru and in Trinidad. Taxonomy ''Arachnothryx'' was named by Jules Émile Planchon in 1849.''Arachnothryx'' In: International Plant Names Index. (see ''External links'' below).Jules Émile Planchon. 1849. ''Flore des Serres et des Jardins de l'Europe'' 5:442 and illustration. (see ''External links'' below). This generic name is derived from Ancient Greek: ''arachne'' or ''arachnos'', "a spider", and ''thrix'' or ''trichos'', "hair". As currently circumscribed, ''Arachnothryx'' is paraphyletic over ''Cuatrecasasiodendron'', ''Gonzalagunia'', and ''Javorkaea''. Some authors have included these genera in a sensu lato, broadly defined ''Rondeletia (plant), Rondeletia'', but molecular phylogenetic Research, studies have shown that they are more closely related to ''Guettarda'' than to ''Rondeletia (plant), Rondeletia''. Species * ''Arachnothryx aspera' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Carpenter Standley
Paul Carpenter Standley (March 21, 1884 – June 2, 1963) was an American botanist known for his work on neotropical plants. __TOC__ Standley was born on March 21, 1884 in Avalon, Missouri. He attended Drury College in Springfield, Missouri and New Mexico State College, where he received a bachelor's degree in 1907, and received a master's degree from New Mexico State College in 1908. He remained at New Mexico State College as an assistant from 1908–1909. He was the Assistant Curator of the Division of Plants at the United States National Museum from 1909 to 1922. In spring, 1928, he took a position at the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago, where worked until 1950. While at the Field Museum he did fieldwork in Guatemala between 1938 and 1941. After his retirement in 1950, he moved to the '' Escuela Agricola Panamericana,'' where he worked in the library and herbarium and did field work until 1956, when he stopped doing botanical work. In 1957 he moved to Tegucigalp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arachnothryx Aspera
''Arachnothryx'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It contains about 107 species. It is found from Mexico to Peru and in Trinidad. Taxonomy ''Arachnothryx'' was named by Jules Émile Planchon in 1849.''Arachnothryx'' In: International Plant Names Index. (see ''External links'' below).Jules Émile Planchon. 1849. ''Flore des Serres et des Jardins de l'Europe'' 5:442 and illustration. (see ''External links'' below). This generic name is derived from Ancient Greek: ''arachne'' or ''arachnos'', "a spider", and ''thrix'' or ''trichos'', "hair". As currently circumscribed, ''Arachnothryx'' is paraphyletic over ''Cuatrecasasiodendron'', ''Gonzalagunia'', and ''Javorkaea''. Some authors have included these genera in a broadly defined '' Rondeletia'', but molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that they are more closely related to '' Guettarda'' than to '' Rondeletia''. Species * '' Arachnothryx aspera'' (Standl.) Borhidi * ''Arachnothryx atravesadensis'' ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guettarda
''Guettarda'' is a plant genus in the family Rubiaceae. Most of these plants are known by the common name velvetseed. Estimates of the number of species range from about 50 Anthony J. Huxley, Mark Griffiths, and Margot Levy (editors). 1992. ''The New Royal Horticultural Society Dictionary of Gardening.'' The Macmillan Press Limited, London; The Stockton Press, New York. (set) to 162.''Guettarda'' At: World Checklist of Rubiaceae At: Kew Gardens Website. (see ''External links'' below). Most of the species are neotropical.David J. Mabberley. 2008. ''Mabberley's Plant-Book'' third edition (2008). Cambridge University Press: UK. Twenty are found in New Caledonia and one reaches Australia. A few others are found on islands and in coastal areas of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Three species (''G. odorata, G. scabra, G. speciosa'') are known in cultivation. ''Guettarda argentea'' provides edible fruit. The type species for the genus is ''Guettarda speciosa''.''Guettarda'' In: Index ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Research
Research is "creativity, creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of knowledge". It involves the collection, organization and analysis of evidence to increase understanding of a topic, characterized by a particular attentiveness to controlling sources of bias and error. These activities are characterized by accounting and controlling for biases. A research project may be an expansion on past work in the field. To test the validity of instruments, procedures, or experiments, research may replicate elements of prior projects or the project as a whole. The primary purposes of basic research (as opposed to applied research) are documentation, Discovery (observation), discovery, interpretation (philosophy), interpretation, and the research and development (R&D) of methods and systems for the advancement of human knowledge. Approaches to research depend on epistemology, epistemologies, which vary considerably both within and between humanities and sciences. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molecular Phylogenetic
Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to determine the processes by which diversity among species has been achieved. The result of a molecular phylogenetic analysis is expressed in a phylogenetic tree. Molecular phylogenetics is one aspect of molecular systematics, a broader term that also includes the use of molecular data in taxonomy and biogeography. Molecular phylogenetics and molecular evolution correlate. Molecular evolution is the process of selective changes (mutations) at a molecular level (genes, proteins, etc.) throughout various branches in the tree of life (evolution). Molecular phylogenetics makes inferences of the evolutionary relationships that arise due to molecular evolution and results in the construction of a phylogenetic tree. History The theoretical framew ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rondeletia (plant)
''Rondeletia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to the Neotropics.David J. Mabberley. 2008. ''Mabberley's Plant-Book'' third edition (2008). Cambridge University Press: UK. There are around 160 species.''Rondeletia'' At: World Checklist of Rubiaceae At: Kew Gardens Website. (see ''External links'' below). ''Rondeletia odorata'' is widely grown as an ornamental.George W. Staples and Derral R. Herbst "A Tropical Garden Flora" Bishop Museum Press: Honolulu (2005) Several other species are also known in cultivation.Anthony J. Huxley, Mark Griffiths, and Margot Levy (editors). 1992. ''The New Royal Horticultural Society Dictionary of Gardening.'' The Macmillan Press Limited, London; The Stockton Press, New York. (set) ''Rondeletia'' was named in 1753 by Linnaeus in his book, '' Species Plantarum''.''Rondeletia'' in International Plant Names Index. (see ''External links'' below).Carl Linnaeus. 1753. ''Species Plantarum'' 1: 172 (see External ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sensu Lato
''Sensu'' is a Latin word meaning "in the sense of". It is used in a number of fields including biology, geology, linguistics, semiotics, and law. Commonly it refers to how strictly or loosely an expression is used in describing any particular concept, but it also appears in expressions that indicate the convention or context of the usage. Common qualifiers ''Sensu'' is the ablative case of the noun ''sensus'', here meaning "sense". It is often accompanied by an adjective (in the same case). Three such phrases are: *''sensu stricto'' – "in the strict sense", abbreviation ''s.s.'' or ''s.str.''; *''sensu lato'' – "in the broad sense", abbreviation ''s.l.''; *''sensu amplo'' – "in a relaxed, generous (or 'ample') sense", a similar meaning to ''sensu lato''. Søren Kierkegaard uses the phrase ''sensu eminenti'' to mean "in the pre-eminent r most important or significantsense". When appropriate, comparative and superlative adjectives may also be used to convey the meaning ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gonzalagunia
''Gonzalagunia'' is a genus of plant in the family Rubiaceae The Rubiaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with interpetiolar stipules .... Species include: * '' Gonzalagunia bifida'' * '' Gonzalagunia dodsonii'' * '' Gonzalagunia mollis'' * '' Gonzalagunia pauciflora'' * '' Gonzalagunia rosea'' References Rubiaceae genera Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Rubiaceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
