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Arachnion Album
''Arachnion'' is a genus of gasteroid fungi in the family Agaricaceae. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed by Lewis David von Schweinitz in 1822 with '' Arachnion album'' as the type, and only species. The genus name is Greek for "cobweb". William Chambers Coker and John Nathaniel Couch circumscribed the family Arachniaceae in 1928 to contain ''Arachnion''. The genus was later placed in the now-defunct family Lycoperdaceae. Modern molecular analysis has shown that ''Arachnion'', as well as other puffball genera, are part of the family Agaricaceae. Description ''Arachnion'' species have a characteristic gleba, resembling a mass of grainy, sand-like particles. At a microscopic scale, the granules are peridioles, or tiny sacs made of hyphae that contain spores. Inside each sac is a minuscule chamber that contains inward-facing basidia (spore-bearing cells), an arrangement similar to that seen in ''Lycoperdon''. The fruitbodies have a smooth, thin, and fragile peridium that readil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungi
A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, which by one traditional classification include Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the ''Eumycota'' (''t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lycoperdaceae
The Agaricaceae are a family of basidiomycete fungi and include the genus ''Agaricus'', as well as basidiomycetes previously classified in the families Tulostomataceae, Lepiotaceae, and Lycoperdaceae. Taxonomy The family Agaricaceae was published by French botanist François Fulgis Chevallier in 1826. It is named after the type genus ''Agaricus'', originally circumscribed by Carl Linnaeus in his 1753 work ''Species Plantarum''. In his authoritative 1986 classification of the Agaricales, Rolf Singer divided the Agaricaceae into four tribes distinguished largely by spore color: ''Leucocoprineae'', ''Agariceae'', ''Lepioteae'', and ''Cystodermateae''. Genera once classified in the families Tulostomataceae, Battarreaceae, Lycoperdaceae, and Mycenastraceae have since been moved to the Agaricaceae based on molecular phylogenetics studies. According to a standard reference text, the Agaricaceae contains 85 genera and 1340 species. Description Agaricaceae species use a wide variety of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arachnion Iriemae
''Arachnion'' is a genus of gasteroid fungi in the family Agaricaceae. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed by Lewis David von Schweinitz in 1822 with '' Arachnion album'' as the type, and only species. The genus name is Greek for "cobweb". William Chambers Coker and John Nathaniel Couch circumscribed the family Arachniaceae in 1928 to contain ''Arachnion''. The genus was later placed in the now-defunct family Lycoperdaceae. Modern molecular analysis has shown that ''Arachnion'', as well as other puffball genera, are part of the family Agaricaceae. Description ''Arachnion'' species have a characteristic gleba, resembling a mass of grainy, sand-like particles. At a microscopic scale, the granules are peridioles, or tiny sacs made of hyphae that contain spores. Inside each sac is a minuscule chamber that contains inward-facing basidia (spore-bearing cells), an arrangement similar to that seen in ''Lycoperdon''. The fruitbodies have a smooth, thin, and fragile peridium that readil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arachnion Foetens
''Arachnion'' is a genus of gasteroid fungi in the family Agaricaceae. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed by Lewis David von Schweinitz in 1822 with '' Arachnion album'' as the type, and only species. The genus name is Greek for "cobweb". William Chambers Coker and John Nathaniel Couch circumscribed the family Arachniaceae in 1928 to contain ''Arachnion''. The genus was later placed in the now-defunct family Lycoperdaceae. Modern molecular analysis has shown that ''Arachnion'', as well as other puffball genera, are part of the family Agaricaceae. Description ''Arachnion'' species have a characteristic gleba, resembling a mass of grainy, sand-like particles. At a microscopic scale, the granules are peridioles, or tiny sacs made of hyphae that contain spores. Inside each sac is a minuscule chamber that contains inward-facing basidia (spore-bearing cells), an arrangement similar to that seen in ''Lycoperdon''. The fruitbodies have a smooth, thin, and fragile peridium that readil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arachnion Firmoderma
''Arachnion'' is a genus of gasteroid fungi in the family Agaricaceae. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed by Lewis David von Schweinitz in 1822 with '' Arachnion album'' as the type, and only species. The genus name is Greek for "cobweb". William Chambers Coker and John Nathaniel Couch circumscribed the family Arachniaceae in 1928 to contain ''Arachnion''. The genus was later placed in the now-defunct family Lycoperdaceae. Modern molecular analysis has shown that ''Arachnion'', as well as other puffball genera, are part of the family Agaricaceae. Description ''Arachnion'' species have a characteristic gleba, resembling a mass of grainy, sand-like particles. At a microscopic scale, the granules are peridioles, or tiny sacs made of hyphae that contain spores. Inside each sac is a minuscule chamber that contains inward-facing basidia (spore-bearing cells), an arrangement similar to that seen in ''Lycoperdon''. The fruitbodies have a smooth, thin, and fragile peridium that readil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arachnion Bovista
''Arachnion'' is a genus of gasteroid fungi in the family Agaricaceae. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed by Lewis David von Schweinitz in 1822 with '' Arachnion album'' as the type, and only species. The genus name is Greek for "cobweb". William Chambers Coker and John Nathaniel Couch circumscribed the family Arachniaceae in 1928 to contain ''Arachnion''. The genus was later placed in the now-defunct family Lycoperdaceae. Modern molecular analysis has shown that ''Arachnion'', as well as other puffball genera, are part of the family Agaricaceae. Description ''Arachnion'' species have a characteristic gleba, resembling a mass of grainy, sand-like particles. At a microscopic scale, the granules are peridioles, or tiny sacs made of hyphae that contain spores. Inside each sac is a minuscule chamber that contains inward-facing basidia (spore-bearing cells), an arrangement similar to that seen in ''Lycoperdon''. The fruitbodies have a smooth, thin, and fragile peridium that readil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arachnion Alborosellum
''Arachnion'' is a genus of gasteroid fungi in the family Agaricaceae. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed by Lewis David von Schweinitz in 1822 with '' Arachnion album'' as the type, and only species. The genus name is Greek for "cobweb". William Chambers Coker and John Nathaniel Couch circumscribed the family Arachniaceae in 1928 to contain ''Arachnion''. The genus was later placed in the now-defunct family Lycoperdaceae. Modern molecular analysis has shown that ''Arachnion'', as well as other puffball genera, are part of the family Agaricaceae. Description ''Arachnion'' species have a characteristic gleba, resembling a mass of grainy, sand-like particles. At a microscopic scale, the granules are peridioles, or tiny sacs made of hyphae that contain spores. Inside each sac is a minuscule chamber that contains inward-facing basidia (spore-bearing cells), an arrangement similar to that seen in ''Lycoperdon''. The fruitbodies have a smooth, thin, and fragile peridium that readil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Index Fungorum
''Index Fungorum'' is an international project to index all formal names ( scientific names) in the fungus kingdom. the project is based at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, one of three partners along with Landcare Research and the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. It is somewhat comparable to the International Plant Names Index (IPNI), in which the Royal Botanic Gardens is also involved. A difference is that where IPNI does not indicate correct names, the ''Index Fungorum'' does indicate the status of a name. In the returns from the search page a currently correct name is indicated in green, while others are in blue (a few, aberrant usages of names are indicated in red). All names are linked to pages giving the correct name, with lists of synonyms. ''Index Fungorum'' is one of three nomenclatural repositories recognized by the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi; the others are ''MycoBank'' and ''Fungal Names''. Current names in ''Index Fungorum'' (''Speci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peridium
The peridium is the protective layer that encloses a mass of spores in fungi. This outer covering is a distinctive feature of gasteroid fungi. Description Depending on the species, the peridium may vary from being paper-thin to thick and rubbery or even hard. Typically, peridia consist of one to three layers. If there is only a single layer, it is called a peridium. If two layers are present, the outer layer is called the exoperidium and the inner layer the endoperidium. If three layers are present, they are the exoperidium, the mesoperidium and the endoperidium. In the simplest subterranean forms, the peridium remains closed until the spores are mature, and even then shows no special arrangement for dehiscence or opening, but has to decay before the spores are liberated. Puffballs For most fungi, the peridium is ornamented with scales or spines. In species that become raised above ground during their development, generally known as the "puffballs", the peridium is usually di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lycoperdon
''Lycoperdon'' is a genus of puffball mushrooms. The genus has a widespread distribution and contains about 50 species. In general, it contains the smaller species such as the pear-shaped puffball and the gem-studded puffball. It was formerly classified within the now-obsolete order Lycoperdales, as the type genus which, following a restructuring of fungal taxonomy brought about by molecular phylogeny, has been split. ''Lycoperdon'' is now placed in the family Agaricaceae of the order Agaricales. The scientific name has been created with Greek words (''lycos'' meaning ''wolf'' and ''perdon'' meaning ''to fart'') and based on several European dialects in which the mushroom name sounds like ''wolf-farts''. Most species are edible, ranging from mild to tasting distinctly of shrimp. Species * ''Lycoperdon caudatum'' (Syn. ''Lycoperdon pedicellatum'') J.Schröt. * ''Lycoperdon curtisii'' * ''Lycoperdon echinatum'' Pers. * ''Lycoperdon ericaceum'' (Syn. ''Lycoperdon muscorum'') * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basidia
A basidium () is a microscopic sporangium (a spore-producing structure) found on the hymenophore of fruiting bodies of basidiomycete fungi which are also called tertiary mycelium, developed from secondary mycelium. Tertiary mycelium is highly-coiled secondary myceliuma dikaryon. The presence of basidia is one of the main characteristic features of the Basidiomycota. A basidium usually bears four sexual spores called basidiospores; occasionally the number may be two or even eight. In a typical basidium, each basidiospore is borne at the tip of a narrow prong or horn called a sterigma (), and is forcibly discharged upon maturity. The word ''basidium'' literally means "little pedestal", from the way in which the basidium supports the spores. However, some biologists suggest that the structure more closely resembles a club. An immature basidium is known as a basidiole. Structure Most basidiomycota have single celled basidia (holobasidia), but in some groups basidia can be multice ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spore
In biology, a spore is a unit of sexual or asexual reproduction that may be adapted for dispersal and for survival, often for extended periods of time, in unfavourable conditions. Spores form part of the life cycles of many plants, algae, fungi and protozoa. Bacterial spores are not part of a sexual cycle, but are resistant structures used for survival under unfavourable conditions. Myxozoan spores release amoeboid infectious germs ("amoebulae") into their hosts for parasitic infection, but also reproduce within the hosts through the pairing of two nuclei within the plasmodium, which develops from the amoebula. In plants, spores are usually haploid and unicellular and are produced by meiosis in the sporangium of a diploid sporophyte. Under favourable conditions the spore can develop into a new organism using mitotic division, producing a multicellular gametophyte, which eventually goes on to produce gametes. Two gametes fuse to form a zygote which develops into a new s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
