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Aphelenchoides Ritzemabosi
''Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi'' (Black currant nematode, Chrysanthemum foliar nematode, Chrysanthemum leaf nematode, Chrysanthemum nematode, Chrysanthemum Foliar eelworm) is a plant pathogenic nematode. It was first scientifically described in 1890 in England. This nematode has a wide host range. Among the most important species affected are Chrysanthemums and strawberries. ''A. ritzemabosi'' is a migratory foliar feeding nematode. It can feed both ectoparasitically and endoparasitically, with the later causing the most significant damage. When adequate moisture is present, this nematode enters the leaves and feeds from inside the tissue. Typical damage is characterized by necrotic zones between the veins of the leaves. Its lifecycle is short; only ten days from egg to mature adult. A single female can lay as many as 3,500 eggs. This pest can be difficult to control. Host plant resistance, hot water treatments, and predatory mites are recommended. Nomenclature and Synon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Animal
Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the Kingdom (biology), biological kingdom Animalia. With few exceptions, animals Heterotroph, consume organic material, Cellular respiration#Aerobic respiration, breathe oxygen, are Motility, able to move, can Sexual reproduction, reproduce sexually, and go through an ontogenetic stage in which their body consists of a hollow sphere of Cell (biology), cells, the blastula, during Embryogenesis, embryonic development. Over 1.5 million Extant taxon, living animal species have been Species description, described—of which around 1 million are Insecta, insects—but it has been estimated there are over 7 million animal species in total. Animals range in length from to . They have Ecology, complex interactions with each other and their environments, forming intricate food webs. The scientific study of animals is known as zoology. Most living animal species are in Bilateria, a clade whose members have a Symmetry in biology#Bilate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nematoda
The nematodes ( or grc-gre, Νηματώδη; la, Nematoda) or roundworms constitute the phylum Nematoda (also called Nemathelminthes), with plant-parasitic nematodes also known as eelworms. They are a diverse animal phylum inhabiting a broad range of environments. Less formally, they are categorized as Helminths, but are taxonomically classified along with arthropods, tardigrades and other moulting animals in the clade Ecdysozoa, and unlike flatworms, have tubular digestive systems with openings at both ends. Like tardigrades, they have a reduced number of Hox genes, but their sister phylum Nematomorpha has kept the ancestral protostome Hox genotype, which shows that the reduction has occurred within the nematode phylum. Nematode species can be difficult to distinguish from one another. Consequently, estimates of the number of nematode species described to date vary by author and may change rapidly over time. A 2013 survey of animal biodiversity published in the mega jou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secernentea
Secernentea was a class of nematodes in the Classical Phylogeny System (Chitwood, 1958) and is no longer in use. This morphological-based classification system has been replaced by the Modern Phylogeny system, where taxonomy assignment is based on small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA). Characteristics of Secernentea are: * Amphid apertures are pore/slit-like * Derids are present in some; located near nerve ring * Phasmids are present; posterior * Excretory system is tubular * Cuticle is striated in two to four layers; lateral field is present * Three esophageal glands; esophageal structure varies * Males generally have one testis * Caudal alae are common * Sensory papillae are cephalic only; may be caudal papillae in males * Mostly terrestrial * Rarely found in fresh or marine water Systematics Subclasses and orders of Secernentea are:Tree of Life Web Project (ToL) (2002)Nematoda. Version of January 1, 2002. Retrieved November 2, 2008. * Subclass Rhabditia (paraphyletic?) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diplogasteria
Diplogasterida was an order of nematodes. It was sometimes placed in a monotypic subclass Diplogasteria, but molecular phylogenetic evidence has shown it to be embedded in the family Rhabditidae (formerly Rhabditina). The confusion of having a hierarchical nesting of groups that were formerly mutually exclusive has led to a profusion of names. Although completely revised taxonomy of nematodes that builds on recent classification systems as well as recent phylogenetic evidence is still necessary, most contemporary taxonomic studies now treat all groups listed under "Diplogasterina" below as a single family, Diplogastridae. Subdivisions *Suborder Chambersiellina Hodda 2007 **Superfamily Chambersielloidea Thorne 1937 ***Family Chambersiellidae Thorne 1937 (Sanwal 1957) *Suborder Diplogasterina Paramonov 1952 **Superfamily Cylindrocorporoidea T. Goodey 1939 ***Family Cylindrocorporidae T. Goodey 1939 ***Family Odontopharyngidae Micoletzky 1922 **Superfamily Diplogasteroid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tylenchida
Tylenchida is an order of nematodes. List of families * Superfamily Criconematoidea ** Family Criconematidae ** Family Tylenchulidae * Superfamily Tylenchoidea ** Family Anguinidae ** Family Belonolaimidae ** Family Dolichodoridae ** Family Ecphyadophoridae ** Family Hoplolaimidae ** Family Heteroderidae ** Family Pratylenchidae ** Family Tylenchidae Tylenchidae is a family of nematode The nematodes ( or grc-gre, Νηματώδη; la, Nematoda) or roundworms constitute the phylum Nematoda (also called Nemathelminthes), with plant- parasitic nematodes also known as eelworms. They are a ... * Superfamily Sphaerularina ** Family Allantonematidae ** Family Fergusobiidae ** Family Iotonchiidae ** Family Parasitylenchidae ** Family Sphaerulariidae References Further reading * Mohammad Rafiq Siddiqui. ''Tylenchida: Parasites of Plants and Insects''. 2nd ed. Wallingford: CABI Publishing, 2000. Ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aphelenchoididae
Aphelenchoididae is a nematode family in the order Aphelenchida. List of genera Subfamily Anomyctinae * Genus '' Anomyctus'' Subfamily Aphelenchoidinae'' * Genus '' Aphelenchoides'' * Genus '' Ficophagus'' * Genus '' Laimaphelenchus'' * Genus '' Martininema'' * Genus '' Robustodorus'' * Genus '' Punchaulus'' * Genus '' Ruehmaphelenchus'' * Genus '' Schistonchus'' * Genus '' Sheraphelenchus'' * Genus '' Tylaphelenchus'' Incertae sedis: * Genus '' Pseudaphelenchus'' * Genus '' Ptychaphelenchus'' References External links Nematode families {{Secernentea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aphelenchoidinae
Aphelenchoidinae is a nematode sub family in the family Aphelenchoididae Aphelenchoididae is a nematode family in the order Aphelenchida. List of genera Subfamily Anomyctinae * Genus '' Anomyctus'' Subfamily Aphelenchoidinae'' * Genus '' Aphelenchoides'' * Genus '' Ficophagus'' * Genus '' Laimaphelenchus'' * Ge .... References External links Aphelenchoididae Protostome subfamilies {{Secernentea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aphelenchoides
''Aphelenchoides'' is a genus of mycetophagous nematodes. Some species are plant pathogenic foliar nematodes. Taxonomy In 1961 Sanwal listed 33 species and provided a key. The most important species of these are ''Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi'', the chrysanthemum foliar nematode; ''Aphelenchoides fragariae'', the spring crimp or spring dwarf nematode of strawberry, which also attacks many ornamentals; and ''Aphelenchoides besseyi ''Aphelenchoides besseyi'' is a plant pathogenic nematode. It is sometimes referred to as ''rice white tip'', ''spring dwarf'', ''strawberry bud'', ''flying strawberry nematode'' or ''strawberry crimp disease'' nematode. This foliar nematode i ...'', causing summer crimp or dwarf of strawberry and white tip of rice. Several species of this genus feed ectoparasitically and endoparasitically on aboveground plant parts. References Bibliography * George Agrios (2005): ''Plant Pathology, Fifth Edition''. Elsevier Academic Press External link ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parathion
Parathion, also called parathion-ethyl or diethyl parathion and locally known as "Folidol", is an organophosphate insecticide and acaricide. It was originally developed by IG Farben in the 1940s. It is highly toxic to non-target organisms, including humans, so its use has been banned or restricted in most countries. The basic structure is shared by parathion methyl. History Parathion was developed by Gerhard Schrader for the German trust IG Farben in the 1940s. After World War II and the collapse of IG Farben due to the war crime trials, the Western allies seized the patent, and parathion was marketed worldwide by different companies and under different brand names. The most common German brand was E605 (banned in Germany after 2002); this was not a food-additive "E number" as used in the EU today. "E" stands for ''Entwicklungsnummer'' (German for "development number"). It is an irreversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Safety concerns have later led to the development o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agricultural Pest Nematodes
280px, Feeding types of plant-parasitic nematodes This article is an attempt to list all agricultural pest nematodes. Species are sorted in alphabetical order of Latin name. A * '' Achlysiella williamsi'' * ''Anguina agrostis'' * ''Anguina amsinckiae'' * ''Anguina australis'' * '' Anguina balsamophila'' * ''Anguina funesta'' * ''Anguina graminis'' * ''Anguina spermophaga'' * ''Anguina tritici'' * ''Aphelenchoides arachidis'' * ''Aphelenchoides besseyi'' * ''Aphelenchoides fragariae'' * ''Aphelenchoides parietinus'' * ''Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi'' * ''Aphelenchoides subtenuis'' B * '' Belonolaimus gracilis'' * '' Belonolaimus longicaudatus'' C * '' Craspedonema elegans'' D * ''Ditylenchus africanus'' * ''Ditylenchus angustus'' * ''Ditylenchus destructor'' * ''Ditylenchus dipsaci'' * ''Dolichodorus heterocephalus'' G * ''Globodera pallida'' * ''Globodera rostochiensis'' * ''Globodera tabacum'' H * ''Helicotylenchus dihystera'' * ''Hemicriconemoides kanayaensis'' * ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
