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Antony Wassermann
Antony John Wassermann (born 1957) is a British mathematician, working in operator algebras. He is known for his works on conformal field theory (providing several series of subfactors), on the actions of compact groups on von Neumann algebras, and his proof of the Baum–Connes conjecture for connected reductive linear Lie groups. Biography He attended Royal Grammar School, Newcastle upon Tyne from 1968 to 1974, and received his PhD at the University of Pennsylvania in 1981, under the supervision of Jonathan Rosenberg (''Automorphic actions of compact groups on operator algebras''). He was ''Directeur de Recherches'' CNRS at Aix-Marseille University (France) from 1999 to 2013. He is currently affiliated with the University of Cambridge, Department of Pure Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics (DPMMS). He is the son of the quantum physicist Gerhard Dietrich Wassermann and the brother of the mathematician Alexander Simon Wassermann. Honours * Bronze medal, Internatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of California, Berkeley
The University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, or California) is a public land-grant research university in Berkeley, California. Established in 1868 as the University of California, it is the state's first land-grant university and the founding campus of the University of California system. Its fourteen colleges and schools offer over 350 degree programs and enroll some 31,800 undergraduate and 13,200 graduate students. Berkeley ranks among the world's top universities. A founding member of the Association of American Universities, Berkeley hosts many leading research institutes dedicated to science, engineering, and mathematics. The university founded and maintains close relationships with three national laboratories at Berkeley, Livermore and Los Alamos, and has played a prominent role in many scientific advances, from the Manhattan Project and the discovery of 16 chemical elements to breakthroughs in computer science and genomics. Berkeley is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subfactor
In the theory of von Neumann algebras, a subfactor of a factor M is a subalgebra that is a factor and contains 1 . The theory of subfactors led to the discovery of the Jones polynomial in knot theory. Index of a subfactor Usually M is taken to be a factor of type _1 , so that it has a finite trace. In this case every Hilbert space module H has a dimension \dim_M(H) which is a non-negative real number or + \infty . The index :N of a subfactor N is defined to be \dim_N(L^2(M)) . Here L^2(M) is the representation of N obtained from the GNS construction of the trace of M . Jones index theorem This states that if N is a subfactor of M (both of type _1 ) then the index :N/math> is either of the form 4 cos(\pi /n)^2 for n = 3,4,5,... , or is at least 4 . All these values occur. The first few values of 4 \cos(\pi /n)^2 are 1, 2, (3 + \sqrt)/2 = 2.618..., 3, 3.247..., ... Basic construction Suppose that N is a subfactor of M , and that both a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
21st-century English Mathematicians
The 1st century was the century spanning AD 1 ( I) through AD 100 ( C) according to the Julian calendar. It is often written as the or to distinguish it from the 1st century BC (or BCE) which preceded it. The 1st century is considered part of the Classical era, epoch, or historical period. The 1st century also saw the appearance of Christianity. During this period, Europe, North Africa and the Near East fell under increasing domination by the Roman Empire, which continued expanding, most notably conquering Britain under the emperor Claudius ( AD 43). The reforms introduced by Augustus during his long reign stabilized the empire after the turmoil of the previous century's civil wars. Later in the century the Julio-Claudian dynasty, which had been founded by Augustus, came to an end with the suicide of Nero in AD 68. There followed the famous Year of Four Emperors, a brief period of civil war and instability, which was finally brought to an end by Vespasian, ninth Roman em ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Mathematical Olympiad Participants
International is an adjective (also used as a noun) meaning "between nations". International may also refer to: Music Albums * ''International'' (Kevin Michael album), 2011 * ''International'' (New Order album), 2002 * ''International'' (The Three Degrees album), 1975 *''International'', 2018 album by L'Algérino Songs * The Internationale, the left-wing anthem * "International" (Chase & Status song), 2014 * "International", by Adventures in Stereo from ''Monomania'', 2000 * "International", by Brass Construction from ''Renegades'', 1984 * "International", by Thomas Leer from ''The Scale of Ten'', 1985 * "International", by Kevin Michael from ''International'' (Kevin Michael album), 2011 * "International", by McGuinness Flint from ''McGuinness Flint'', 1970 * "International", by Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark from '' Dazzle Ships'', 1983 * "International (Serious)", by Estelle from '' All of Me'', 2012 Politics * Political international, any transnational organization of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Whitehead Prize Winners
Whitehead may refer to: * Whitehead, a blocked sweat/sebaceous duct of the skin known medically as a closed comedo. * Whitehead (bird), a small species of passerine bird, endemic to New Zealand. * Whitehead building, heritage listed residence of the principal of the University of Adelaide's Lincoln College. * Whitehead (patience), a patience game related to Klondike. * Whitehead (surname), a surname. * Whitehead torpedo, the first effective self-propelled torpedo, invented by Robert Whitehead in 1866. * Whiteheads, another name for the wheat disease take-all. * USS ''Whitehead'' (1861–1865), American Civil War, 136-ton screw steam gunboat. Places * Canada: ** The Rural Municipality of Whitehead, Manitoba ** Whitehead, Nova Scotia, on Tor Bay * Hong Kong ** Whitehead, Hong Kong, a cape at Wu Kai Sha * Northern Ireland ** Whitehead, County Antrim, a small town in Northern Ireland * United States: ** Cape Whitehead, Cumberland County, Maine 43.3844N 70.1131W ** Lake Whitehead re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Pennsylvania Alumni
A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United States, the designation is reserved for colleges that have a graduate school. The word ''university'' is derived from the Latin ''universitas magistrorum et scholarium'', which roughly means "community of teachers and scholars". The first universities were created in Europe by Catholic Church monks. The University of Bologna (''Università di Bologna''), founded in 1088, is the first university in the sense of: *Being a high degree-awarding institute. *Having independence from the ecclesiastic schools, although conducted by both clergy and non-clergy. *Using the word ''universitas'' (which was coined at its foundation). *Issuing secular and non-secular degrees: grammar, rhetoric, logic, theology, canon law, notarial law.Hunt Janin: "The university ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Congresses Of Mathematicians
The International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM) is the largest conference for the topic of mathematics. It meets once every four years, hosted by the International Mathematical Union (IMU). The Fields Medals, the Nevanlinna Prize (to be renamed as the IMU Abacus Medal), the Gauss Prize, and the Chern Medal are awarded during the congress's opening ceremony. Each congress is memorialized by a printed set of Proceedings recording academic papers based on invited talks intended to be relevant to current topics of general interest. Being invited to talk at the ICM has been called "the equivalent ... of an induction to a hall of fame". History Felix Klein and Georg Cantor are credited with putting forward the idea of an international congress of mathematicians in the 1890s.A. John Coleman"Mathematics without borders": a book review ''CMS Notes'', vol 31, no. 3, April 1999, pp. 3-5 The University of Chicago, which had opened in 1892, organized an International Mathematical Con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Mathematical Olympiad
The International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) is a mathematical olympiad for pre-university students, and is the oldest of the International Science Olympiads. The first IMO was held in Romania in 1959. It has since been held annually, except in 1980. More than 100 countries, representing over 90% of the world's population, send teams of up to six students, plus one team leader, one deputy leader, and observers. The content ranges from extremely difficult algebra and pre-calculus problems to problems on branches of mathematics not conventionally covered in secondary or high school and often not at university level either, such as projective and complex geometry, functional equations, combinatorics, and well-grounded number theory, of which extensive knowledge of theorems is required. Calculus, though allowed in solutions, is never required, as there is a principle that anyone with a basic understanding of mathematics should understand the problems, even if the solutions require ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal Grammar School, Newcastle Upon Tyne
(By Learning, You Will Lead) , established = , closed = , type = Grammar SchoolIndependent day school , religion = , president = , head_label = Headmaster , head = Geoffrey Stanford , r_head_label = , r_head = , chair_label = , chair = , founder = Thomas Horsley , specialist = , address = Eskdale Terrace , city = Newcastle upon Tyne , country = England , postcode = NE2 4DX , local_authority = , urn = 108549 , ofsted = , staff = 91 , enrolment = 1,247 , gender = Coeducational , lower_age = , upper_age = , houses = Collingwood, Eldon, Horsley, Stowell , colours = , publication = , free_label_1 = Former pupils , free_1 = Old Novocastrians , free_label_2 = , free_2 = , free_label_3 = , free_3 = , website www.rgs.newcastle.sch.uk The Royal Grammar School (RGS), Newcastle upon Tyne is a selective British independent day school for pupils aged between 7 and 18 years. Founded in 1525 by Thomas Horsley, the Mayor of Newcastle upon Tyne, it received ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vaughan Jones
Sir Vaughan Frederick Randal Jones (31 December 19526 September 2020) was a New Zealand mathematician known for his work on von Neumann algebras and knot polynomials. He was awarded a Fields Medal in 1990. Early life Jones was born in Gisborne, New Zealand, on 31 December 1952. He was brought up in Cambridge, New Zealand, where he attended St Peter's School. He subsequently transferred to Auckland Grammar School after winning the Gillies Scholarship, and graduated in 1969 from Auckland Grammar. He went on to complete his undergraduate studies at the University of Auckland, obtaining a BSc in 1972 and an MSc in 1973. For his graduate studies, he went to Switzerland, where he completed his PhD at the University of Geneva in 1979. His thesis, titled ''Actions of finite groups on the hyperfinite II1 factor'', was written under the supervision of André Haefliger, and won him the Vacheron Constantin Prize. Career Jones moved to the United States in 1980. There, he taught ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reductive Group
In mathematics, a reductive group is a type of linear algebraic group over a field. One definition is that a connected linear algebraic group ''G'' over a perfect field is reductive if it has a representation with finite kernel which is a direct sum of irreducible representations. Reductive groups include some of the most important groups in mathematics, such as the general linear group ''GL''(''n'') of invertible matrices, the special orthogonal group ''SO''(''n''), and the symplectic group ''Sp''(2''n''). Simple algebraic groups and (more generally) semisimple algebraic groups are reductive. Claude Chevalley showed that the classification of reductive groups is the same over any algebraically closed field. In particular, the simple algebraic groups are classified by Dynkin diagrams, as in the theory of compact Lie groups or complex semisimple Lie algebras. Reductive groups over an arbitrary field are harder to classify, but for many fields such as the real numbers R or a numbe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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