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Antonienhütte
Wirek (german: Antonienhütte) is a district in the centre of Ruda Śląska, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. In 2006 it had an area of 5.9 km2 and was inhabited by 20,595 people. On January 12, 2006 a part of it was split off to form a new district, Czarny Las. History Originally, the area belonged to Kochłowice. First a settlement called Nowa Wieś (lit. ''New Village'') was established. Wirek would later be developed around ''Antonienhütte'' ironworks, opened in 1805, and became a separate municipality in 1828. In the second half of the nineteenth century, the settlement grew owing to industrial development. A school was opened in 1856; a Roman Catholic church in 1874; and a year later, a rail connection with Chebzie was constructed. The municipality lost its independence in 1870. In 1921, Wirek became part of Polish Autonomous Silesian Voivodeship. In 1924 Nowa Wieś again absorbed Wirek. A town hall was built in years 1929–1930. During World War II, it was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ruda Śląska
Ruda Śląska (formerly ) is a city in Silesia in southern Poland, near Katowice. It is a district in the Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union, a metropolis with a population of two million. It is in the Silesian Highlands, on the Kłodnica River (tributary of the Oder). It has been part of the Silesian Voivodeship since its formation in 1999. Previously, it was in Katowice Voivodeship, and before then, part of the Autonomous Silesian Voivodeship. Ruda Śląska is one of the cities in the Katowice urban area (population 2.7 million) and within the greater Silesian metropolitan area (population 5,294,000). The population of the city is 135,008 (December 2021). History A large village is known to have existed at the location of the present day city center in 1243. The city name appears to indicate the awareness and perhaps exploitation of ores from early times. The area underwent rapid industrialization (coal, steel, zinc) in the 19th and the beginning of 20th century. However ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kochłowice, Ruda Śląska
Kochłowice () is a district in the south-east of Ruda Śląska, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It has an area of 17.5 km2 and in 2006 it was inhabited by 12,738 people. History Archaeological excavations in 2007 surfaced traces of a settlement on the territory of Kochłowice existing already in the 9th century. The area became part of the emerging Polish state in the 10th century, and was part of Piast-ruled Poland in the following centuries. The village was first mentioned in 1360 as ''Kochlowa Lanka''. In the 16th and 17th century a ''salt mill'' (''Salzhütte'') operated here, the only such establishment in the Bytom state country. The village was annexed by Prussia in the 18th century, and from 1871 it was also part of Germany. The village was affected by industrial development in the 19th century (coal mines) After World War I in the Upper Silesia plebiscite 3,364 out of 4,427 voters in Kochłowice voted in favour of rejoining Poland which just regained indep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ruda, Ruda Śląska
Ruda (german: Ruda) is a district in the north-west of Ruda Śląska, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It has an area of 11.9 km2 and in 2006 it was inhabited by 23,134 people. History The village was first mentioned in a Latin document of Diocese of Wrocław called ''Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis'' from around 1305 as ''item in Ruda sunt L mansi parvi, de quibus scultetus habet VI), alii deserviunt domino episcopo. Decima de omni grano. Et scultetus solvit ) marcam de molendino suo.''. The village belonged initially to the Duchy of Bytom, a fee of the Kingdom of Bohemia, which after 1526 became a part of the Habsburg monarchy. After the Silesian Wars the area became a part of the Kingdom of Prussia. Between 1816 and 1908 the biggest zinc smelter in Europe, "Carlshütte", operated in Ruda. It was accompanied by numerous other industrial establishments. After World War I in the Upper Silesia plebiscite 6,212 out of 10,352 voters in ''Ruda'' voted in favo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nowy Bytom
Nowy Bytom (german: Friedenshütte) is a district serving as administrative centre of Ruda Śląska, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. In 2006 it had an area of 4.6 km2 and was inhabited by 12,058 people. On January 12, 2006 a part of it was split off to form a new district, Czarny Las. History Until the early 19th century the area was covered by ''Bytom's Black Forest'' (German: ''Beuthener Schwarzwald'', Polish: ''Czarny Las''), which was first mentioned in 1369. In the course of the 19th-century industrial development steel mills and coal mines had been established on its territory, among them ''Friedenshütte'' (Polish: Frydenshuta), after which a wider area took name. Administratively it formed an exclave of Bytom up to 1921. After World War I and the Upper Silesia plebiscite became a part of Silesian Voivodeship, Second Polish Republic and gained status of an independent municipality (gmina) named ''Nowy Bytom'' (lit. ''New Bytom'') in place of colloquial Polish ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a dictatorship. Under Hitler's rule, Germany quickly became a totalitarian state where nearly all aspects of life were controlled by the government. The Third Reich, meaning "Third Realm" or "Third Empire", alluded to the Nazi claim that Nazi Germany was the successor to the earlier Holy Roman Empire (800–1806) and German Empire (1871–1918). The Third Reich, which Hitler and the Nazis referred to as the Thousand-Year Reich, ended in May 1945 after just 12 years when the Allies defeated Germany, ending World War II in Europe. On 30 January 1933, Hitler was appointed chancellor of Germany, the head of gove ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. World War II was a total war that directly involved more than 100 million personnel from more than 30 countries. The major participants in the war threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role in the conflict, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and deploying the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II was by far the deadliest conflict in human history; it resulted in 70 to 85 million fatalities, mostly among civilians. Tens of millions died due to genocides (including the Holocaust), starvation, ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Autonomous Silesian Voivodeship
In developmental psychology and moral, political, and bioethical philosophy, autonomy, from , ''autonomos'', from αὐτο- ''auto-'' "self" and νόμος ''nomos'', "law", hence when combined understood to mean "one who gives oneself one's own law" is the capacity to make an informed, uncoerced decision. Autonomous organizations or institutions are independent or self-governing. Autonomy can also be defined from a human resources perspective, where it denotes a (relatively high) level of discretion granted to an employee in his or her work. In such cases, autonomy is known to generally increase job satisfaction. Self-actualized individuals are thought to operate autonomously of external expectations. In a medical context, respect for a patient's personal autonomy is considered one of many fundamental ethical principles in medicine. Sociology In the sociology of knowledge, a controversy over the boundaries of autonomy inhibited analysis of any concept beyond relative auto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chebzie
Chebzie (german: Morgenroth) is a district in the east of Ruda Śląska, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It has an area of 1.7 km2 and was inhabited by 1,101 people. History The settlement evolved around an inn built in the late 18th century. As ''Hebzie'' it was first mentioned in 1844. In 1822 the ''Gute Hoffnung'' zinc smelter was opened here, onother one, ''Morgenroth'', began to operate in 1925. During the German occupation of Poland (World War II), the Germans established and operated the E83 forced labour subcamp of the Stalag VIII-B/344 prisoner-of-war camp in the settlement. After World War II Chebzie belonged to gmina Godula, but was split off and merged into Nowy Bytom Nowy Bytom (german: Friedenshütte) is a district serving as administrative centre of Ruda Śląska, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. In 2006 it had an area of 4.6 km2 and was inhabited by 12,058 people. On January 12, 2006 a part of it ... in 1951, and as part of Nowy Bytom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Catholic
Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *'' Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a letter in the New Testament of the Christian Bible Roman or Romans may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Music * Romans (band), a Japanese pop group * ''Roman'' (album), by Sound Horizon, 2006 * ''Roman'' (EP), by Teen Top, 2011 *" Roman (My Dear Boy)", a 2004 single by Morning Musume Film and television * Film Roman, an American animation studio * ''Roman'' (film), a 2006 American suspense-horror film * ''Romans'' (2013 film), an Indian Malayalam comedy film * ''Romans'' (2017 film), a British drama film * ''The Romans'' (''Doctor Who''), a serial in British TV series People *Roman (given name), a given name, including a list of people and fictional characters *Roman (surname), including a list of people named Roman or Romans *Ῥωμ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Czarny Las, Ruda Śląska
Czarny () is a surname of Polish language origin, related to Czerny. Historically, it was also a nickname meaning "black". It may refer to: *Leszek Czarny (c. 1241-1288), Polish prince *Zawisza Czarny }), he was revered as a brave knight. A monument to Zawisza at Golubac Fortress bears the inscription: "In Golubac, his life was taken by the Turks in 1428, the famous Polish knight, the symbol of courage and honor, Zawisza the Black. Glory to the ... (c. 1379-1428), Polish knight and nobleman {{surname Polish-language surnames ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dzielnica
In the Poland, Polish system of local administration, a dzielnica (Polish plural ''dzielnice'') is an administrative subdivision or quarter (country subdivision), quarter of a city or town. A dzielnica may have its own elected council (''rada dzielnicy'', or ''dzielnica council''), and those of Warsaw each have their own mayor (''burmistrz''). Like the osiedle and sołectwo, a dzielnica is an auxiliary unit (''jednostka pomocnicza'') of a gmina. These units are created by decision of the gmina council, and do not have legal personality in their own right. The subsidiary units of many towns and cities are called osiedles rather than dzielnice, although it is also possible for osiedles to exist within a dzielnica. Numbers and sizes of dzielnice vary significantly between cities. Warsaw has 18 dzielnice, as does Kraków; Gdańsk has 34, Gdynia 22, Lublin 27, Katowice 22 and Szczecin 4. Some cities are no longer formally divided into dzielnice, although formerly existing dzielnice co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populous member state of the European Union. Warsaw is the nation's capital and largest metropolis. Other major cities include Kraków, Wrocław, Łódź, Poznań, Gdańsk, and Szczecin. Poland has a temperate transitional climate and its territory traverses the Central European Plain, extending from Baltic Sea in the north to Sudeten and Carpathian Mountains in the south. The longest Polish river is the Vistula, and Poland's highest point is Mount Rysy, situated in the Tatra mountain range of the Carpathians. The country is bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukraine to the east, Slovakia and the Czech Republic to the south, and Germany to the west. It also shares maritime boundaries with Denmark and Sweden. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
