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Antigua And Barbuda General Election, 1999
General elections were held in Antigua and Barbuda on 9 March 1999.Dieter Nohlen (2005) ''Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume I'', p66 The elections were won by the governing Antigua Labour Party. Lester Bird was re-elected Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda. Voter turnout was 63.6%. The elections were extremely close, with the UPP losing five seats by a narrow 554 votes in total, and had the elections been free and fair (the government controlled almost all newspapers as well as television and radio stations), the opposition could have won a majority.Nohlen, p63 Opposition leader Baldwin Spencer criticised the conduct and fairness of the elections and began a hunger strike in protest to the flaws in the system. The government responded by establishing the independent Antigua & Barbuda Electoral Commission in 2001. Results References External links Election reportfrom the Center for Strategic and International Studies Elections in Antigua and Barb ...
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Antigua And Barbuda
Antigua and Barbuda (, ) is a sovereign country in the West Indies. It lies at the juncture of the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean in the Leeward Islands part of the Lesser Antilles, at 17°N latitude. The country consists of two major islands, Antigua and Barbuda, approximately apart, and several smaller islands, including Great Bird, Green, Guiana, Long, Maiden, Prickly Pear, York, and Redonda. The permanent population is approximately 97,120 ( est.), 97% residing in Antigua. St. John's, Antigua, is the country's capital, major city, and largest port. Codrington is Barbuda's largest town. In 1493, Christopher Columbus reconnoitred the island of Antigua, which he named for the Church of Santa María La Antigua.Crocker, John. "Barbuda Eyes Statehood and Tourists". ''The Washington Post''. 28 January 1968. p. E11. Great Britain colonized Antigua in 1632 and Barbuda in 1678. A part of the Federal Colony of the Leeward Islands from 1871, Antigua and Barbuda joi ...
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United Progressive Party (Antigua And Barbuda)
The United Progressive Party is a political party in Antigua and Barbuda. Previously led by Baldwin Spencer, it was the governing party from 2004 to 2014. It has been in opposition since the 2014 election and is now led by Harold Lovell with leadership in parliament by Jamale L. Pringle (who serves as Leader of the Opposition in parliament as the only United Progressive Party member who won a seat in the 2018 general election). Foundation The United Progressive Party was formed in 1992 through a merger of three parties, namely the Antigua Caribbean Liberation Movement, the Progressive Labour Movement and the United National Democratic Party.Nohlen, D (2005) ''Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume I'', p63 Each party was in opposition to the Antigua Labour Party The Antigua and Barbuda Labour Party (ABLP) is a political party in Antigua and Barbuda. The current leader of the party is Gaston Browne, who serves as the Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda. The p ...
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1999 Elections In The Caribbean
File:1999 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The funeral procession of King Hussein of Jordan in Amman; the 1999 İzmit earthquake kills over 17,000 people in Turkey; the Columbine High School massacre, one of the first major school shootings in the United States; the Year 2000 problem ("Y2K"), perceived as a major concern in the lead-up to the year 2000; the Millennium Dome opens in London; online music downloading platform Napster is launched, soon a source of online piracy; NASA loses both the Mars Climate Orbiter and the Mars Polar Lander; a destroyed T-55 tank near Prizren during the Kosovo War., 300x300px, thumb rect 0 0 200 200 Death and state funeral of King Hussein rect 200 0 400 200 1999 İzmit earthquake rect 400 0 600 200 Columbine High School massacre rect 0 200 300 400 Kosovo War rect 300 200 600 400 Year 2000 problem rect 0 400 200 600 Mars Climate Orbiter rect 200 400 400 600 Napster rect 400 400 600 600 Millennium Dome 1999 was designated as th ...
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Elections In Antigua And Barbuda
Elections in Antigua and Barbuda take place in the framework of a parliamentary democracy. Electoral system The country's electoral law was passed on 31 October 1975 and was last amended in 2002. Elections are overseen by the Office of the Supervisor of Elections and an Electoral Commission, which was established in 2002. The latter consists of five members appointed by the Governor-General; three (including the chair) on the advice of the Prime Minister and two on the advice of the leader of the opposition. House of Representatives The House of Representatives has 17 elected members and two unelected members, the Attorney General and the Speaker.General information
Inter-Parliamentary Union
Elections for the House are held every five years, although early elections can take place if Parliament is dissolved by the

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Center For Strategic And International Studies
The Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) is an American think tank based in Washington, D.C. CSIS was founded as the Center for Strategic and International Studies of Georgetown University in 1962. The center conducts policy studies and strategic analyses of political, economic and security issues throughout the world, with a specific focus on issues concerning international relations, trade, technology, finance, energy and geostrategy. In the University of Pennsylvania's 2019 ''Global Go To Think Tanks Report'', CSIS is ranked the number one think tank in the United States across all fields, the "Top Defense and National Security Think Tank" in the world, and the 4th best think tank in the world overall. It was named as a "Defense and National Security Center of Excellence for 2016-2018". Since its founding, CSIS "has been dedicated to finding ways to sustain American prominence and prosperity as a force for good in the world", according to its website. C ...
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Independent Politician
An independent or non-partisan politician is a politician not affiliated with any political party or bureaucratic association. There are numerous reasons why someone may stand for office as an independent. Some politicians have political views that do not align with the platforms of any political party, and therefore choose not to affiliate with them. Some independent politicians may be associated with a party, perhaps as former members of it, or else have views that align with it, but choose not to stand in its name, or are unable to do so because the party in question has selected another candidate. Others may belong to or support a political party at the national level but believe they should not formally represent it (and thus be subject to its policies) at another level. In running for public office, independents sometimes choose to form a party or alliance with other independents, and may formally register their party or alliance. Even where the word "independent" is used, s ...
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National Reform Movement (Antigua And Barbuda)
The National Reform Movement is a political party in Antigua and Barbuda. In the 1999 elections The following elections occurred in the year 1999. * 1999 electoral calendar Africa * 1999 Algerian presidential election * 1999 Botswana general election * 1999 Beninese parliamentary election * 1999 Central African Republic presidential elect ... NRM had a single candidate, Knolly Hill, who ran in the St. Peter constituency. However, he received only 33 votes,Nohlen, D (2005) ''Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume I'', p69 and failed to win a seat. References External linksNRM website Political parties in Antigua and Barbuda Political parties with year of establishment missing Political parties with year of disestablishment missing {{Antigua-party-stub ...
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Antigua Freedom Party
The Antigua Freedom Party was a political party in Antigua and Barbuda led by George "Rick" James. The party contested the 1999 general elections with a single candidate, George James, running in the St. Johns Rural East constituency. James got only 57 votes and failed to win the seat.Nohlen, D (2005) ''Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume I'', p70 After the elections AFP claimed that the Antigua Labour Party government had committed electoral fraud Electoral fraud, sometimes referred to as election manipulation, voter fraud or vote rigging, involves illegal interference with the process of an election, either by increasing the vote share of a favored candidate, depressing the vote share of ..., as they had let non-nationals to vote. References Defunct political parties in Antigua and Barbuda Political parties with year of establishment missing Political parties with year of disestablishment missing {{Antigua-party-stub ...
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Barbuda People's Movement
The Barbuda People's Movement is a centre-left Barbudan nationalist political party in Antigua and Barbuda. History The party first contested a general election in 1989, in which they won a single seat.Nohlen, D (2005) ''Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume I'', pp69-70 They held the seat in the 1994 and 1999. In the 2004 elections the candidates of the BPM (Trevor Walker) and the Barbuda People's Movement for Change both won 400 votes. In a rerun of the election on 20 April Walker received 408 votes, whilst BPMC candidate Arthur Nibbs won only 394. The party retained the seat again in the 2009 elections. Barbuda’s secession request The government is taking the unprecedented step of presenting the matter to the Parliament after it received a letter from the Barbuda Council requesting that discussions commence on the separation of Barbuda from Antigua. In the letter dated 31 August 2020, Council Secretary, Paul Nedd, informed Cabinet Secretary, Konata Lee, th ...
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Antigua And Barbuda Labour Party
The Antigua and Barbuda Labour Party (ABLP) is a political party in Antigua and Barbuda. The current leader of the party is Gaston Browne, who serves as the Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda. The party had previously been led by Lester Bird, who was chairman of the party since 1971, and became Prime Minister and political leader in 1994. The party was founded as the Antigua Labour Party (ALP) by Lester's father, V.C. Bird. The ABLP has traditionally largely been seen as the political arm of the Bird family. With the exception of five years in the 1970s, the ABLP ruled Antigua and Barbuda for over four decades. It was in opposition from 2004 to 2014, and it has been in power again since 2014 since winning a majority of the seats in the Legislature following the 2014 general election. 2004 defeat Two major events precipitated the ABLP's first defeat in 28 years in the 2004 elections. The first was the introduction of the Electoral Commission after the 1999 election. Acco ...
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Dieter Nohlen
Dieter Nohlen (born 6 November 1939) is a German academic and political scientist. He currently holds the position of Emeritus Professor of Political Science in the Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences of the University of Heidelberg. An expert on electoral system An electoral system or voting system is a set of rules that determine how elections and referendums are conducted and how their results are determined. Electoral systems are used in politics to elect governments, while non-political elections ma ...s and political development, he has published several books.About the contributors
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Bibliography

Books published by Nohlen include: *''Electoral systems of the world'' (in German, 1978) *''Lexicon of politics'' (seven volumes) *''Elections and Electoral Systems'' (1996) *''Electi ...
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Antiguan Parliament 1999
Antiguan may refer to: * Antigua, the main island of Antigua and Barbuda * Antigua and Barbuda, a sovereign state in the West Indies * A person from Antigua ** List of Antiguans and Barbudans See also * Antigua (other) * Barbudan (other) Barbudan may refer to: * Something of, or related to Barbuda. See also the country, Antigua and Barbuda. * A person from Barbuda, or of Barbudan descent. For information about the Barbudan people, see Demographics of Barbuda and Culture of Antigu ... * {{disambiguation Language and nationality disambiguation pages ...
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