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Anti-Mui Tsai Activism
Anti-Mui Tsai Activism is efforts to abolish the Mui Tsai system. Mui Tsai () describes Chinese women, entering the system from a young age, who worked as domestic servants in China, or in brothels or affluent Chinese households in traditional Chinese society. The Mui Tsai system spread to other parts of the world through immigration and colonization, causing it to become a human rights issue with outreach as far as Great Britain and America. History During the early 1910s, Mui Tsai was discussed by British government officials and activists. They confirmed that the Mui Tsai system was a form of slavery. After the 1911 revolution, the system was banned in China but this was never effectively enforced. In 1917, the Mui Tsai issue reemerged because of a legal case involving two Mui Tsai who had been kidnapped. A British member of Parliament who happened to be passing through town took the case to the Colonial Office. He questioned how slavery could not only be tolerated but could ev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mui Tsai
''Mui tsai'' (), which means "little sister"Yung, ''Unbound Feet'', 37. in Cantonese, describes young Chinese women who worked as domestic servants in China, or in brothels or affluent Chinese households in traditional Chinese society. The young women were typically from poor families, and sold at a young age, under the condition that they be freed through marriage when older.Yung, ''Unbound Voices'', 129. These arrangements were generally looked upon as charitable and a form of adoption, as the young women would be provided for better as ''mui tsai'' than they would if they remained with their family. However, the absence of contracts in these arrangements meant that many ''mui tsai'' were resold into prostitution.Yung, ''Unbound Feet'', 38. According to some scholars, many of these girls ended up as either concubines or prostitutes, while others write that their status was higher than a concubine's. In traditional Chinese culture, a family needs a male offspring. Poor parents, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reginald Edward Stubbs
Sir Reginald Edward Stubbs (; 13 October 1876 – 7 December 1947) was a British colonial governor, who was once the Governor of Hong Kong. He caused controversy while Governor of Ceylon over the Bracegirdle Incident. Early life and education Reginald Edward Stubbs was born on 13 October 1876, the son of William Stubbs, a historian and bishop of Chester and Oxford, consecutively. He was educated at Radley and Corpus Christi College, Oxford. He obtained first class honours in Lit. Hum. in 1899. Early Colonial Services He entered Colonial Office in 1900 as a second-class clerk, eventually serving as acting first class clerk from 1907 to 1910, when he became a permanent 1st class clerk. In that same year, Stubbs was sent on a special mission to Malay Peninsula and Hong Kong. He was a member of West African Lands Committee in 1912, and became a colonial secretary of Ceylon in from 1913 to 1919. Governor of Hong Kong He was appointed Hong Kong Governor in 1919, a position he s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secretary Of State For The Colonies
The secretary of state for the colonies or colonial secretary was the Cabinet of the United Kingdom, British Cabinet government minister, minister in charge of managing the United Kingdom's various British Empire, colonial dependencies. History The position was first created in 1768 to deal with the increasingly troublesome Thirteen colonies, North American colonies, following passage of the Townsend Acts. Previously, colonial responsibilities were held jointly by the Board of Trade, lords of trade and plantations and the Secretary of State for the Southern Department, secretary of state for the Southern Department, who was responsible for Ireland, the American colonies, and relations with the Roman Catholicism in Europe, Catholic and Islam in Europe, Muslim states of Europe, as well as being jointly responsible for domestic affairs with the Secretary of State for the Northern Department. Joint responsibility continued under the secretary of state for the colonies, but led to a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Covenant On Civil And Political Rights
The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) is a multilateral treaty that commits nations to respect the civil and political rights of individuals, including the right to life, freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, electoral rights and rights to due process and a fair trial. It was adopted by United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2200A (XXI) on 16 December 1966 and entered into force 23 March 1976 after its thirty-fifth ratification or accession. , the Covenant has 173 parties and six more signatories without ratification, most notably the People's Republic of China and Cuba; North Korea is the only state that has tried to withdraw. The ICCPR is considered a seminal document in the history of international law and human rights, forming part of the International Bill of Human Rights, along with the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). Complia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silver Spoon, Sterling Shackles
''Silver Spoon, Sterling Shackles'' is a 2012 Hong Kong television drama produced by Television Broadcasts Limited (TVB) under executive producer Chong Wai-kin. The drama follows the lives of a large, rich, and influential Chinese family living in 1920s and 1930s colonial Hong Kong. Cast and characters Chung family (鍾家) *Damian Lau portrays Sir Arthur Chung, JP (鍾卓萬; jyutping: ''Zung Ceokmaan'') the patriarch of the Chung family with four wives; the first ethnic Chinese barrister. *Mary Hon as Koo Sam-lan (顧心蘭; ''Gu Samlaan'') portrays the first wife of Sir Arthur Chung. She dies in episode 39. *Idy Chan portrays Aisin Gioro Yee-yin (愛新覺羅·爾嫣; ''Oisangoklo Jijin''), a Manchu ex-princess of the fallen Qing dynasty; the second wife of Sir Arthur. She is the oldest daughter of Pak's character, and sister of Aisin Gioro Yee-hei; also the love interest of Chai Yat-fai. She leaves Sir Arthur Chung for Chai Yat-Fai in episode 36." *Elena Kong portrays Yvonne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francis Henry May
Sir Francis Henry May (; 14 March 1860 – 6 February 1922) was a British colonial administrator who served as Governor of Fiji from 1911 to 1912 and Governor of Hong Kong from 1912 to 1918. Early life and education May was born in Dublin, Ireland on 14 March 1860. He was the 4th son of Rt. Hon. George Augustus Chichester May, Lord Chief Justice of Ireland, and his wife Olivia Barrington. May was educated at Harrow School and Trinity College, Dublin, where a few of his predecessors to the Governorship of Hong Kong attended school. May received the 1st Honourman and Prizeman Classics and Modern Languages and B.A. in 1881. Career In 1881, May was appointed to a Hong Kong Cadetship after a competitive examination. In 1886, he became the Assistant Protector of Chinese and private secretary to Governor Sir William Des Vœux. He was also the private secretary to Acting Administrator Digby Barker from 1889 to 1891. May would hold the office of Assistant Colonial Secretary in 1891 a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stella Benson
Stella Benson (6 January 1892 – 7 December 1933) was an English feminist, novelist, poet, and travel writer. She was a recipient of the Benson Medal. Early life Benson was born to Ralph Beaumont Benson (1862–1911), a member of the landed gentry, and Caroline Essex Cholmondeley in Easthope, Shropshire in 1892. Stella's aunt, Mary Cholmondeley, was a well-known novelist. Stella was often ill during her childhood and throughout her life. By her sixth birthday, she and her family, based in London, had moved frequently. She spent some of her childhood in schools in Germany and Switzerland. She began writing a diary at the age of 10 and kept it up for all of her life. By the time she was writing poetry, her parents separated; subsequently, she saw her father infrequently. When she did see him, he encouraged her to quit writing poetry for the time being, until she was older and more experienced. Instead, Stella increased her writing output, adding novel-writing to her repertoire. W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fok Hing Tong
Fok Hing-tong (; 1872–1957), also known as Huo Qingtang, was a Hong Kong businesswoman and social reformer. Wife of Ma Ying-piu, founder of the Sincere Department Store, she was the director and chairwoman of Chinese YWCA of Hong Kong and the leader of the 1920s anti-''mui tsai'' movement. Biography Born in 1872 in into a Christian family in Hong Kong with the family root in Shunde, Guangdong, Fok's father, Fok Ching-shang, was a Vicar of St. Stephen's Anglican Church and one of the earliest Chinese clergymen in Hong Kong. Rev. Fok had no sons and wanted his four daughters to marry Christians. Fok Hing-tong married Ma Ying-piu, an Australian-Chinese businessman who was also the founder of the Sincere Department Store, the first Chinese department store in Hong Kong. Fok accompanied Ma to Australia and returned to Hong Kong in 1894 before she convinced her husband to open the Sincere Company. When the first department store in 1900 at 172 Queen's Road Central, she also became th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
YWCA
The Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) is a nonprofit organization with a focus on empowerment, leadership, and rights of women, young women, and girls in more than 100 countries. The World office is currently based in Geneva, Switzerland, and the nonprofit is headquartered in Washington, DC. The YWCA is independent of the YMCA, but a few local YMCA and YWCA associations have merged into YM/YWCAs or YMCA-YWCAs and belong to both organizations, while providing the programs from each. Governance Structure The World Board is the governing body of the World YWCA, and includes representatives from all regions of the global YWCA movement. The World Council is the legislative authority and governing body of the World YWCA. The 20 women who serve on the World Board are elected during the World Council, which meets every four years to make decisions that impact the entire movement. This includes the World YWCA’s policy, constitution, strategic direction, and budgets. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
YMCA
YMCA, sometimes regionally called the Y, is a worldwide youth organization based in Geneva, Switzerland, with more than 64 million beneficiaries in 120 countries. It was founded on 6 June 1844 by George Williams in London, originally as the Young Men's Christian Association, and aims to put Christian values into practice by developing a healthy "body, mind, and spirit". From its inception, it grew rapidly and ultimately became a worldwide movement founded on the principles of muscular Christianity. Local YMCAs deliver projects and services focused on youth development through a wide variety of youth activities, including providing athletic facilities, holding classes for a wide variety of skills, promoting Christianity, and humanitarian work. YMCA is a non-governmental federation, with each independent local YMCA affiliated with its national organization. The national organizations, in turn, are part of both an Area Alliance (Europe, Asia Pacific, the Middle East, Af ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Po Leung Kuk
The Po Leung Kuk, founded as the Society for the Protection of Women and Children, is a charitable organisation in Hong Kong that provides support for orphaned children, education and other services. History In the late 19th century, abduction and trafficking of women and children were widespread in Hong Kong, under the ''mui tsai'' system. On 8 November 1878, a group of local Chinese (Lo Lai-ping, Shi Shang-kai, Fung Ming-shan and Tse Tat-shing) presented a petition to the Governor of Hong Kong, John Pope Hennessy to set up Po Leung Kuk to rescue the kidnapped victims and the society was officially opened in August 1882.A Concise History of Hong Kong by John Mark Carroll, 2007. pp60-61 The stated o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emblem Of The Po Leung Kuk
An emblem is an abstract or representational pictorial image that represents a concept, like a moral truth, or an allegory, or a person, like a king or saint. Emblems vs. symbols Although the words ''emblem'' and ''symbol'' are often used interchangeably, an emblem is a pattern that is used to represent an idea or an individual. An emblem develops in concrete, visual terms some abstraction: a deity, a tribe or nation, or a virtue or vice. An emblem may be worn or otherwise used as an identifying badge or patch. For example, in America, police officers' badges refer to their personal metal emblem whereas their woven emblems on uniforms identify members of a particular unit. A real or metal cockle shell, the emblem of St. James the Apostle, sewn onto the hat or clothes, identified a medieval pilgrim to his shrine at Santiago de Compostela. In the Middle Ages, many saints were given emblems, which served to identify them in paintings and other images: St. Catherine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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