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Anneliese Graes
Anneliese Graes (November 5, 1930 – June 1, 1992) was a chief detective (1951–1991) from Essen, Germany, who acted as mediator between German officials and Black September terrorists during the 1972 Munich Olympic Games after eight Black September terrorists broke into the Israeli Olympic delegation building at 31 Connollystrasse, taking eleven of the Israeli delegation hostage during the early hours of 5 September 1972. Involvement in the Munich Massacre Graes had volunteered to work as one of 2,000 Olympic security guards during the 1972 Munich Olympic Games. Upon hearing of the hostage taking Graes rushed to 31 Connollystraße to volunteer as intermediary. According to Simon Reeve, author of the book ''One Day in September'', Graes had a mature, easy manner which her superiors had hoped would put the terrorists at ease. At 8:10am Graes made her way to 31 Connollystraße to replace Frau Lauterbach, a young policewoman who had already gone to 31 Connollystraße to establis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Essen
Essen (; Latin: ''Assindia'') is the central and, after Dortmund, second-largest city of the Ruhr, the largest urban area in Germany. Its population of makes it the fourth-largest city of North Rhine-Westphalia after Cologne, Düsseldorf and Dortmund, as well as the ninth-largest city of Germany. Essen lies in the larger Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Region and is part of the cultural area of Rhineland. Because of its central location in the Ruhr, Essen is often regarded as the Ruhr's "secret capital". Two rivers flow through the city: in the north, the Emscher, the Ruhr area's central river, and in the south, the Ruhr River, which is dammed in Essen to form the Lake Baldeney (''Baldeneysee'') and Lake Kettwig (''Kettwiger See'') reservoirs. The central and northern boroughs of Essen historically belong to the Low German ( Westphalian) language area, and the south of the city to the Low Franconian ( Bergish) area (closely related to Dutch). Essen is seat to several of the region's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1972 Munich Olympic Games
The 1972 Summer Olympics (), officially known as the Games of the XX Olympiad () and commonly known as Munich 1972 (german: München 1972), was an international multi-sport event held in Munich, West Germany, from 26 August to 11 September 1972. The event was overshadowed by the Munich massacre in the second week, in which eleven Israeli athletes and coaches and a West German police officer at Olympic village were killed by Palestinian Black September members. The motivation for the attack was the ongoing Palestinian-Israeli conflict. The 1972 Summer Olympics were the second Summer Olympics to be held in Germany, after the 1936 Games in Berlin, which had taken place under the Nazi regime, and the most recent Olympics to be held in the country. The West German Government had been eager to have the Munich Olympics present a democratic and optimistic Germany to the world, as shown by the Games' official motto, ''"Die Heiteren Spiele"'', or "the cheerful Games". The logo of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Connollystraße
The Connollystraße is a street in the Olympic Village and student quarter of the Olympic Park Munich. Description The street was named in 1971 after James Brendan Connolly, the first Olympic champion of the modern era (1896). It leads from the Helene-Mayer-Ring to the Kusocinskidamm to Straßbergerstraße. The road is accessible on the surface for pedestrians and cyclists, underground for motorists. Access is via the Lerchenauer Straße. Connollystraße_GO-8.jpg, Connollystraße above ground for pedestrians and cyclists Connollystraße_GO-7.jpg, Connollystraße underground for cars The sculpture "Olympic Rings" from 1972 by Ruth Kiener flame, with the new version from 2000 by Peter Schwenk, is found here. In Connollystraße 20, is the "Theater Unterwegs". Connollystraße 31 was the apartment of the Israeli Olympic team who was taken hostage at the 1972 Summer Olympics. Following the Olympic Games, initial designs were in discussion to make it a "House of peace", but the b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Munich Massacre
The Munich massacre was a terrorist attack carried out during the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany, by eight members of the Palestinian people, Palestinian militant organization Black September Organization, Black September, who infiltrated the Olympic Village, killed two members of the Israel at the 1972 Summer Olympics, Israeli Olympic team, and took nine others hostage. Black September called the operation "Iqrit and Kafr Bir'im, Biram", after two Palestinian Christians, Palestinian Christian villages whose inhabitants were expelled by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. The Black September commander was Luttif Afif, who was also their negotiator. Neo-Nazism in Germany, West German neo-Nazis gave the group logistical assistance. Shortly after the hostages were taken, Afif demanded the release of 234 Palestinian prisoners who were being held in Israeli jails, plus the West German–imprisoned founders of the Red Army Faction, Andreas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simon Reeve (British TV Presenter)
Simon Alan Reeve (born 21 July 1972) is a British author, journalist, adventurer, documentary filmmaker and television presenter. Reeve divides his home time between London and Devon. He makes global travel and environmental documentaries, and has written books on international terrorism, modern history, and his adventures. Amongst his many television programmes and series for the BBC, Reeve has presented ''Holidays in the Danger Zone: Places That Don't Exist'', ''Tropic of Cancer'', ''Equator'' and ''Tropic of Capricorn''. Reeve is the ''New York Times'' best-selling author of ''The New Jackals'' (1998), ''One Day in September'' (2005) and ''Tropic of Capricorn'' (2007). He has received a One World Broadcasting Trust Award and the 2012 Ness Award from the Royal Geographical Society (RGS). Early life Reeve was born and raised in Acton, West London, by his parents, Alan Reeve, who was a teacher, and Cindy Reeve, who was an occupational therapist and worked in restaurants. He ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Black September
Black September ( ar, أيلول الأسود; ''Aylūl Al-Aswad''), also known as the Jordanian Civil War, was a conflict fought in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan between the Jordanian Armed Forces (JAF), under the leadership of King Hussein, and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), under the leadership of Yasser Arafat, primarily between 16 and 27 September 1970, with certain aspects of the conflict continuing until 17 July 1971. After Jordan lost control of the West Bank to Israel in 1967, Palestinian fighters known as fedayeen moved their bases to Jordan and stepped up their attacks on Israel and Israeli-occupied territories. One Israeli retaliation on a PLO camp based in Karameh, a Jordanian town along the border with the West Bank, developed into a full-scale battle. The perceived joint Jordanian-Palestinian victory against Israel during the 1968 Battle of Karameh led to an upsurge in Arab support for the fedayeen in Jordan, in both new recruits and financial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luttif Afif
Luttif Afif ( ar, لطيف عفيف; 1937 or 1945 – 6 September 1972; alias "Issa"—Jesus in Arabic) was a Palestinian terrorist. He commanded the eight-member attack teamDavid Clay Large. ''Munich 1972: Tragedy, Terror, and Triumph at the Olympic Games'': p196/ref> that carried out the Munich massacre, an invasion of the Munich Olympic Village on 5 September 1972. During the incident, nine members of Israel's Olympic team were taken hostage after two others, who had offered resistance, were shot dead. Afif was the chief negotiator on behalf of the Palestinians, who were members of the Black September offshoot of Yassir Arafat's Palestine Liberation Organization. Afif and four of his compatriots were later killed by German snipers at Fürstenfeldbruck air base outside Munich. Early life Luttif Afif was born in Nazareth. Biographies of Afif claimed that his mother was Jewish, while his father was a wealthy Christian Arab businessman. However, both his family and Israel's inter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fürstenfeldbruck Air Base
Fürstenfeldbruck Air Base (German: "Fliegerhorst Fürstenfeldbruck" or "Flugplatz Fürstenfeldbruck") is a former German Air Force airfield near the town of Fürstenfeldbruck in Bavaria, near Munich, Germany. Fürstenfeldbruck became famous first as the main training base for the German Luftwaffe during World War II, then as the site of the Munich massacre of nine Israeli athletes and coaches (two were killed earlier) and one German police officer at the 1972 Summer Olympics. Military flight operations ceased in 2003, a small civil flight operation ended in 2015. The adjacent barracks are still used by the German Air Force Officer Training School, which is to be relocated to Roth. In the eastern part of the former air base, the BMW Driving Academy Maisach was established. Units Since 1957, Fürstenfeldbruck has been the home of the German Air Force Officer Training School. Various aircraft ( G-91, Alpha Jet, T-33, Tornado) operated from the base until 1997 when all flying was h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Order Of Merit Of The Federal Republic Of Germany
The Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (german: Verdienstorden der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, or , BVO) is the only federal decoration of Germany. It is awarded for special achievements in political, economic, cultural, intellectual or honorary fields. It was created by the first President of the Federal Republic of Germany, Theodor Heuss, on 7 September 1951. Colloquially, the decorations of the different classes of the Order are also known as the Federal Cross of Merit (). It has been awarded to over 200,000 individuals in total, both Germans and foreigners. Since the 1990s, the number of annual awards has declined from over 4,000, first to around 2,300–2,500 per year, and now under 2,000, with a low of 1752 in 2011. Since 2013, women have made up a steady 30–35% of recipients. Most of the German federal states (''Länder'') have each their own order of merit as well, with the exception of the Free and Hanseatic Cities of Bremen and Hamburg, which rejec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bottrop
Bottrop () is a city in west-central Germany, on the Rhine–Herne Canal, in North Rhine-Westphalia. Located in the Ruhr industrial area, Bottrop adjoins Essen, Oberhausen, Gladbeck, and Dorsten. The city had been a coal-mining and rail center and contains factories producing coal-tar derivatives, chemicals, textiles, and machinery. Bottrop grew as a mining center beginning in the 1860s, was chartered as a city in 1921, and bombed during the Oil Campaign of World War II. In 1975, it unified with the neighbouring communities of Gladbeck and Kirchhellen, but Gladbeck left it in 1976, leading to Kirchhellen becoming a district of Bottrop as Bottrop-Kirchhellen. It is also twinned with Blackpool, England. Boroughs The total area of the municipal territory is about . The longest north-south distance is , and from west to east . The highest peak within the city's territory is , the lowest one being above sea level. Bottrop is divided into three boroughs: Bottrop-Mitte (Bottrop-Ce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
21 Hours At Munich
''21 Hours at Munich'' is a 1976 American historical drama television film directed by William A. Graham and starring William Holden, Shirley Knight and Franco Nero. It is based on the 1975 non-fiction book ''The Blood of Israel'' by Serge Groussard, and it deals with real events concerning the Munich massacre during the 1972 Summer Olympics. It was broadcast by ABC November 7, 1976. Despite its TV origin, the film was released theatrically in several foreign countries. It has been nominated for 2 Primetime Emmys. Plot A dramatization of the incident in 1972 when Arab terrorists broke into the Olympic compound in Munich and murdered 11 Israeli athletes. Cast * William Holden as Chief of Police Manfred Schreiber * Shirley Knight as Anneliese Graes * Franco Nero as Issa * Anthony Quayle as General Zvi Zamir * Richard Basehart as Chancellor Willy Brandt * Noel Willman as Interior Minister Bruno Merk * Georg Marischka as Genscher * Else Quecke as Golda Meir * Michael Degen as Mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1930 Births
Year 193 ( CXCIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Sosius and Ericius (or, less frequently, year 946 '' Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 193 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * January 1 – Year of the Five Emperors: The Roman Senate chooses Publius Helvius Pertinax, against his will, to succeed the late Commodus as Emperor. Pertinax is forced to reorganize the handling of finances, which were wrecked under Commodus, to reestablish discipline in the Roman army, and to suspend the food programs established by Trajan, provoking the ire of the Praetorian Guard. * March 28 – Pertinax is assassinated by members of the Praetorian Guard, who storm the imperial palace. The Empire is auctioned o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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