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Anjala Conspiracy
The Anjala conspiracy ( sv, Anjalaförbundet, fi, Anjalan liitto) of 1788 was a scheme by disgruntled Swedish officers to end Gustav III's Russian War of 1788–1790. Declaring Finland an independent state was not a part of the original plot, but one of the conspirators Johan Anders Jägerhorn, who handed the note to Empress Catherine the Great, made such claims in Saint Petersburg.I fält för Gustaf III, G. H. Jägerhorn. Atlantis, 2004. Sid 14-26. Rising anger against the king and his war As the war was badly prepared and without the expected initial success, anger rose against the king within the military ranks deployed to Finland, where the memory of the harsh Russian occupations of 1713–21 (the "Greater Wrath") (Isoviha in Finnish) and 1741–43 (the "Lesser Wrath") (Pikkuviha in Finnish) remained vivid. The war was clearly initiated by Sweden, and in the view of a strong opinion, particularly among noble officers, a clear violation of the authoritarian Instrument of G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johan Henrik Hastesko
{{disambiguation ...
Johan * Johan (given name) * ''Johan'' (film), a 1921 Swedish film directed by Mauritz Stiller * Johan (band), a Dutch pop-group ** ''Johan'' (album), a 1996 album by the group * Johan Peninsula, Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada * Jo-Han, a manufacturer of plastic scale model kits See also * John (name) John (; ') is a common male given name in the English language of Hebrew origin. The name is the English form of ''Iohannes'' and ''Ioannes'', which are the Latin forms of the Greek name Ioannis (Ιωάννης), originally borne by Hellenized J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tsarina
Tsarina or tsaritsa (also spelled ''csarina'' or ''csaricsa'', ''tzarina'' or ''tzaritza'', or ''czarina'' or ''czaricza''; bg, царица, tsaritsa; sr, / ; russian: царица, tsaritsa) is the title of a female autocratic ruler (monarch) of Bulgaria, Serbia or Russia, or the title of a tsar's wife. The English spelling is derived from the German ''czarin'' or ''zarin'', in the same way as the French ''tsarine''/''czarine'', and the Spanish and Italian ''czarina''/''zarina''. (A tsar's daughter is a tsarevna.) "Tsarina" or "tsaritsa" was the title of the female supreme ruler in the following states: *Bulgaria: in 913–1018, in 1185–1422 and in 1908–1946 *Serbia: in 1346–1371 *Russia: officially from about 1547 until 1721, unofficially in 1721–1917 (officially "Empresses"). Russia Since 1721, the official titles of the Russian male and female monarchs were emperor () and empress () or empress consort, respectively. Officially the last Russian tsarina was Eud ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Age Of Liberty
In Swedish and Finnish history, the Age of Liberty ( sv, frihetstiden; fi, vapauden aika) was a period that saw parliamentary governance, increasing civil rights and the decline of the Swedish Empire that began with Charles XII's death in 1718 and ended with Gustav III's self-coup in 1772. This shift of power from monarch to parliament was a direct effect of the Great Northern War. Suffrage under the parliamentary government was not universal. Although the taxed peasantry was represented in the Parliament, its influence was disproportionately small, and commoners without taxed property had no suffrage at all. Great Northern War Following the death of Charles XI of Sweden, his young son Charles XII became king, and in 1697, when he was only 15 years old, he was proclaimed to be of age and took over the rule from the provisional government. The states which Sweden's expansion into a great power had primarily been at the expense of, Denmark and Russia, formed a coalition with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nils Henric Liljensparre
Nils Henric Aschan Liljensparre, born ''Sivers'' (22 July 1738, Norrköping - 5 January 1814, Stockholm), was a Swedish police officer. He is most known for conducting the investigation of the regicide of king Gustav III of Sweden in 1792. Liljensparre studied law at Uppsala University and served in Svea hovrätt from 1762. He became an official at the royal council in 1765, secretary in 1772, and the head of the Stockholm police in 1776. Liljensparre is regarded as a devoted and effective police. He did, however, adjust himself to the demands of the crown even in cases when they bent the laws. This made him unpopular, but a favorite of the monarch, who ennobled him under the name Liljensparre in 1786. He organised a network of police agents in Stockholm. In 1792, he was in charge of the investigation of the regicide of King Gustav III of Sweden. He succeeded in identifying the culprit, but his investigation about the plots against the late monarch was not popular with the new re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swedish Freedom Of The Press Act
The Freedom of the Press Act (Swedish: ''Tryckfrihetsförordningen'') is one of four ''Fundamental Laws of the Realm'' (Swedish: ''rikets grundlagar'') and thus forms part of the Swedish Constitution. The Act regulates matters regarding freedom of press and principle of public access to official records. The Freedom of the Press Act as well as the Fundamental Law on Freedom of Expression (Swedish: ''Yttrandefrihetsgrundlagen'') is one of the two "basic media acts" in Sweden. The Freedom of the Press Act is derived from the ''Freedom of the Press Act of 1766''; the legislation is regarded as the world's first law supporting the freedom of the press and freedom of information. History Freedom of the Press Act of 1766 and the Age of Liberty Following the death of King Charles XII in 1718, the Swedish throne was passed to a series of weak kings. During Adolf Frederick's weakened rule in the age of liberty of the Swedish 18th century with its absence of a single governor, great ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Instrument Of Government (1720)
The 1720 Instrument of Government ( sv, regeringsform) adopted on 2 May 1720 by the Riksdag of the Estates (Swedish parliament), was the constitution of the Kingdom of Sweden from 1720 to 1772, and was thus in force for almost the entirety of the period of constitutional monarchy known as the Age of Liberty, having replaced the largely identical Instrument of Government (1719). The decision to enact a new constitution so soon after the previous one was prompted by the decision of Ulrica Eleonora of Sweden, Queen Ulrika Eleonora to abdicate in favour of her husband Frederick of Hesse, who thus became Frederick I of Sweden, King Frederick I. The Riksdag disapproved of this manoeuvre and suspected Frederick of having ambitions of restoring absolute monarchy, and so in exchange for ratifying his accession as king it forced him to accept a new constitution, which imposed tighter restrictions upon royal power than its predecessor. In most respects, however, the 1720 Instrument was ident ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Appanage
An appanage, or apanage (; french: apanage ), is the grant of an estate, title, office or other thing of value to a younger child of a sovereign, who would otherwise have no inheritance under the system of primogeniture. It was common in much of Europe. The system of appanage greatly influenced the territorial construction of France and the German states and explains why many of the former provinces of France had coats of arms which were modified versions of the king's arms. Etymology Late Latin , from or 'to give bread' (), a for food and other necessities, hence for a "subsistence" income, notably in kind, as from assigned land. Original appanage: in France History of the French appanage An appanage was a concession of a fief by the sovereign to his younger sons, while the eldest son became king on the death of his father. Appanages were considered as part of the inheritance transmitted to the (French , "later", + , "born asc.) sons; the word (from the Latin compa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armistice
An armistice is a formal agreement of warring parties to stop fighting. It is not necessarily the end of a war, as it may constitute only a cessation of hostilities while an attempt is made to negotiate a lasting peace. It is derived from the Latin ''arma'', meaning "arms" (as in weapons) and ''-stitium'', meaning "a stopping". The United Nations Security Council often imposes, or tries to impose, cease-fire resolutions on parties in modern conflicts. Armistices are always negotiated between the parties themselves and are thus generally seen as more binding than non-mandatory UN cease-fire resolutions in modern international law. An armistice is a '' modus vivendi'' and is not the same as a peace treaty, which may take months or even years to agree on. The 1953 Korean War Armistice Agreement is a major example of an armistice which has not been followed by a peace treaty. An armistice is also different from a truce or ceasefire, which refer to a temporary cessation of hostiliti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Riksdag Of The Estates
Riksdag of the Estates ( sv, Riksens ständer; informally sv, Ståndsriksdagen) was the name used for the Estates of Sweden when they were assembled. Until its dissolution in 1866, the institution was the highest authority in Sweden next to the King. It was a Diet made up of the Four Estates, which historically were the lines of division in Swedish society: * Nobility * Clergy * Burghers * Peasants Important assemblies The meeting at Arboga in 1435 is usually considered to be the first Riksdag, but there is no indication that the fourth estate, the farmers, had been represented there. * The actual first meeting is likely the one that took place at Uppsala in 1436 after the death of rebel leader Engelbrekt. * At the Riksdag in 1517, regent Sten Sture the Younger and the Privy Council deposed archbishop Gustav Trolle. * At Västerås in 1527 Lutheranism was adopted as the new state religion instead of Roman Catholicism. * At Västerås in 1544, an order of royal succession ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kymi (river)
The Kymi ( fi, Kymijoki, sv, Kymmene älv) is a river in Finland. It begins at Lake Päijänne, flows through the provinces of Päijänne Tavastia, Uusimaa and Kymenlaakso and discharges into the Gulf of Finland. The river passes the towns of Heinola and Kouvola. The town of Kotka is located on the river delta. The length of the river is , but its drainage basin of extends to almost inside the Tavastia, Central Finland, Savonia and Ostrobothnia. The furthest source of the river is Lake Pielavesi, its furthest point being some from the sea measured by flow route. The name of the river, itself, ''kymi'', means "large river", in Old Finnish. Being one of the largest rivers in Southern Finland, the Kymi is a major source of hydroelectricity. The towns of Kotka, Kuusankoski, Myllykoski and Inkeroinen along the river are major centres of the pulp and paper industry. Formerly the river was extensively used for timber rafting. The Kymijoki river has five mouths. It divides in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anjala Manor
Anjala was a town in Southern Finland, which merged in 1975 with Sippola to form Anjalankoski, later further merged into Kouvola. Anjala is remembered historically in connection with the 18th-century event known as the Anjala Conspiracy. The Regina School, one of the country's first public schools, was located here, as was its library, which was the first in the country. They were founded by with the help of the Christian educational society Pro Fide et Christianismo, of which he was a member. People born in Anjala *Gustaf Philip Creutz (1731–1785) *Otto Wrede (1851–1936) *Kari Rajamäki (b. 1948) *Jouko Jääskeläinen Jouko Jääskeläinen (born March 18, 1952) is a Finnish politician representing the Christian Democrats __NOTOC__ Christian democratic parties are political parties that seek to apply Christian principles to public policy. The underlying Chri ... (b. 1952) References Populated places disestablished in 1975 Former municipalities of Finland ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anjala
Anjala was a town in Southern Finland, which merged in 1975 with Sippola to form Anjalankoski, later further merged into Kouvola. Anjala is remembered historically in connection with the 18th-century event known as the Anjala Conspiracy. The Regina School, one of the country's first public schools, was located here, as was its library, which was the first in the country. They were founded by with the help of the Christian educational society Pro Fide et Christianismo, of which he was a member. People born in Anjala *Gustaf Philip Creutz (1731–1785) *Otto Wrede (1851–1936) *Kari Rajamäki (b. 1948) *Jouko Jääskeläinen Jouko Jääskeläinen (born March 18, 1952) is a Finnish politician representing the Christian Democrats __NOTOC__ Christian democratic parties are political parties that seek to apply Christian principles to public policy. The underlying Chri ... (b. 1952) References Populated places disestablished in 1975 Former municipalities of Finland ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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