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Andromonoecious
Andromonoecy is a breeding system of plant species in which male and hermaphrodite flowers are on the same plant. It is a monomorphic sexual system alongside monoecy, gynomonoecy and trimonoecy. Andromonoecy is frequent among genera with zygomorphic flowers, however it is overall rare and occurs in less than 2% of plant species. Nonetheless the breeding system has gained interest among biologists in the study of sex expression. Etymology The word andromonoecious is a combination of andr- (meaning male) and monoecious and was first used in 1877. Prevalence It is uncommon and has been estimated to occur in less than 2% of plant species. In angiosperms, it occurs in 1.7% of angiosperms making up around 4000 species in 33 families. It is common in the grass subfamily Panicoideae. Andromonoecious species * ''Cucumis melo'' subsp * '' Cucumis melo'' * '' Chaerophyllum bulbosum'' * '' Erophaca baetica'' * '' Silene tibetica'' '' Solanum'' * '' Solanum agnewiorum'' * '' S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sexual System
A sexual system is a pattern of sex allocation or a distribution of male and female function across organisms in a species. Terms like reproductive system and mating system have also been used as synonyms. The distinction between sexual systems is not always clear due to phenotypic plasticity. Sexual systems are viewed as a key factor for genetic variation and reproductive success, and may have also led to the origin or extinction of certain species. Interests in sexual systems go back to Darwin, who found that barnacles contain species that are androdioecious and some that are dioecious. Types of sexual systems In plants there are monomorphic sexual systems where a species has hermaphrodite, male and/or female flowers on the same plant. Monomorphic sexual systems include monoecy, gynomonoecy, andromonoecy and trimonoecy. There are also dimorphic sexual systems like dioecy, gynodioecy and androdioecy. Mixed sexual systems are where hermaphrodites coexist with s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hermaphrodite
In reproductive biology, a hermaphrodite () is an organism that has both kinds of reproductive organs and can produce both gametes associated with male and female sexes. Many taxonomic groups of animals (mostly invertebrates) do not have separate sexes. In these groups, hermaphroditism is a normal condition, enabling a form of sexual reproduction in which either partner can act as the female or male. For example, the great majority of tunicates, pulmonate molluscs, opisthobranch, earthworms, and slugs are hermaphrodites. Hermaphroditism is also found in some fish species and to a lesser degree in other vertebrates. Most plants are also hermaphrodites. Animal species having different sexes, male and female, are called gonochoric, which is the opposite of hermaphrodite. There are also species where hermaphrodites exist alongside males (called androdioecy) or alongside females (called gynodioecy), or all three exist in the same species (called trioecy); these three syst ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Male
Male (symbol: ♂) is the sex of an organism that produces the gamete (sex cell) known as sperm, which fuses with the larger female gamete, or ovum, in the process of fertilization. A male organism cannot reproduce sexually without access to at least one ovum from a female, but some organisms can reproduce both sexually and asexually. Most male mammals, including male humans, have a Y chromosome, which codes for the production of larger amounts of testosterone to develop male reproductive organs. Not all species share a common sex-determination system. In most animals, including humans, sex is determined genetically; however, species such as ''Cymothoa exigua'' change sex depending on the number of females present in the vicinity. In humans, the word ''male'' can also be used to refer to gender in the social sense of gender role or gender identity. Overview The existence of separate sexes has evolved independently at different times and in different lineages, an example ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solanum Campylacanthum
''Solanum campylacanthum'' is a species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ... of flowering plant in the nightshade family Solanaceae. The species is very common as well as being widespread in grasslands, savannas, and woodlands. It can be found in eastern, central and southern Africa. The fruit of this species are poisonous but they have been used in traditional medicine. References campylacanthum Flora of West-Central Tropical Africa Flora of Northeast Tropical Africa Flora of East Tropical Africa Flora of South Tropical Africa Flora of Southern Africa Plants described in 1850 Medicinal plants {{Solanales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Female
Female ( symbol: ♀) is the sex of an organism that produces the large non-motile ova (egg cells), the type of gamete (sex cell) that fuses with the male gamete during sexual reproduction. A female has larger gametes than a male. Females and males are results of the anisogamous reproduction system, wherein gametes are of different sizes, unlike isogamy where they are the same size. The exact mechanism of female gamete evolution remains unknown. In species that have males and females, sex-determination may be based on either sex chromosomes, or environmental conditions. Most female mammals, including female humans, have two X chromosomes. Female characteristics vary between different species with some species having pronounced secondary female sex characteristics, such as the presence of pronounced mammary glands in mammals. In humans, the word ''female'' can also be used to refer to gender in the social sense of gender role or gender identity. Etymology and usage ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dioecy
Dioecy (; ; adj. dioecious , ) is a characteristic of a species, meaning that it has distinct individual organisms (unisexual) that produce male or female gametes, either directly (in animals) or indirectly (in seed plants). Dioecious reproduction is biparental reproduction. Dioecy has costs, since only about half the population directly produces offspring. It is one method for excluding self-fertilization and promoting allogamy (outcrossing), and thus tends to reduce the expression of recessive deleterious mutations present in a population. Plants have several other methods of preventing self-fertilization including, for example, dichogamy, herkogamy, and self-incompatibility. Dioecy is a dimorphic sexual system, alongside gynodioecy and androdioecy. In zoology In zoology, dioecious species may be opposed to hermaphroditic species, meaning that an individual is either male or female, in which case the synonym gonochory is more often used. Most animal species are dioeci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solanum Usambarsense
''Solanum'' is a large and diverse genus of flowering plants, which include three food crops of high economic importance: the potato, the tomato and the eggplant (aubergine, brinjal). It is the largest genus in the nightshade family Solanaceae, comprising around 1,500 species. It also contains the so-called horse nettles (unrelated to the genus of true nettles, ''Urtica''), as well as numerous plants cultivated for their ornamental flowers and fruit. ''Solanum'' species show a wide range of growth habits, such as annuals and perennials, vines, subshrubs, shrubs, and small trees. Many formerly independent genera like ''Lycopersicon'' (the tomatoes) and ''Cyphomandra'' are now included in ''Solanum'' as subgenera or sections. Thus, the genus today contains roughly 1,500–2,000 species. Name The generic name was first used by Pliny the Elder (AD 23–79) for a plant also known as , most likely ''S. nigrum''. Its derivation is uncertain, possibly stemming from the Latin word ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solanum Umtuma
''Solanum umtuma'' is a species of plant in the Solanaceae family. The species is related to tomatoes. The species is andromonoecous. It can be found in South Africa in areas like Cape Province and KwaZulu-Natal KwaZulu-Natal (, also referred to as KZN and known as "the garden province") is a province of South Africa that was created in 1994 when the Zulu bantustan of KwaZulu ("Place of the Zulu" in Zulu) and Natal Province were merged. It is loca .... References {{Taxonbar, from=Q3489210 umtuma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solanum Rigidum
''Solanum rigidum'' is a species of plant in the family Solanaceae. It goes by the common names ''olho de vaca'' or ''olho de boi''. ''Solanum rigidum'' is listed as vulnerable by the IUCN. It grows at sea levels at 100 meters. Genetics The chromosome number for this species is currently not known. Reproduction It is classified as andromonoecious. With a single or few hermaphroditic flowers located at the base of the inflorescence An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a Plant stem, stem that is composed of a main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches. Morphology (biology), Morphologically, it is the modified part of the shoot of sperma ... and distal flowers functioning as males. Disturbution It is native to Cape Verde with it being present on 5 islands. According to the IUCN, the species seems to have disappeared from São Vicente and Boavista. Collections of this species in found the Caribbean have most likely been in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solanum Melongena
Eggplant ( US, Canada), aubergine ( UK, Ireland) or brinjal (Indian subcontinent, Singapore, Malaysia, South Africa) is a plant species in the nightshade family Solanaceae. ''Solanum melongena'' is grown worldwide for its edible fruit. Most commonly purple, the spongy, absorbent fruit is used in several cuisines. Typically used as a vegetable in cooking, it is a berry by botanical definition. As a member of the genus ''Solanum'', it is related to the tomato, chili pepper, and potato, although those are of the New World while the eggplant is of the Old World. Like the tomato, its skin and seeds can be eaten, but, like the potato, it is usually eaten cooked. Eggplant is nutritionally low in macronutrient and micronutrient content, but the capability of the fruit to absorb oils and flavors into its flesh through cooking expands its use in the culinary arts. It was originally domesticated from the wild nightshade species ''thorn'' or ''bitter apple'', '' S. incanum'',Tsao and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solanum Linnaeanum
''Solanum linnaeanum'' is a nightshade species known as devil's apple and, in some places where it is introduced, apple of Sodom. The latter name is also used for other nightshades and entirely different plants elsewhere, in particular the poisonous milkweed ''Calotropis procera''. This poisonous plant bearing tomato-like fruit is native to many African countries Kenya, Tanzania, South Africa, Zimbabwe and Mozambique,Species Fact Sheet, Queensland Government and is considered to be an invasive species in Australia, New Zealand, Hawaii, Fiji, New Caledonia, other Pacific Islands, the Aseer region of Saudi Arabia, and northern areas of Pakistan. When raw its fruits are green and look exactly like the Thai eggplant and when ripe they are yellow. In Ukambani eastern Kenya children in the villages in summer season use the poisonous yellow fruit as football, cautiously. Solbec Pharmaceuticals attempted to develop Coramsine, a 1:1 mixture of the alkaloids solamargine and solas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solanum Lichtensteinii
Solanum lichtensteinii is a species of plant in the family Solanaceae. The IUCN lists the species as least concern. The species is named after Hinrich Lichtenstein. The species is andromonecious. It can occur in arid areas and overgrazed areas. It can be found in Botswana, Mozambique, Namibia, Tanzania, Zambia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Zimbabwe Zimbabwe (), officially the Republic of Zimbabwe, is a landlocked country located in Southeast Africa, between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers, bordered by South Africa to the south, Botswana to the south-west, Zambia to the north, and .... References lichtensteinii Flora of Botswana Flora of Mozambique Flora of Namibia Flora of Tanzania Flora of Zambia Flora of the Democratic Republic of the Congo Flora of Zimbabwe {{Solanales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
