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Andreas Cleyer
Andreas Cleyer (27 June 1634 – between 20 December 1697 and 26 March 1698) was a German physician, pharmacist, botanist, trader and Japanologist. Biography Andreas Cleyer could be called a "soldier of fortune." He began as a modest soldier, and he made his fortune and reputation during the course of a career. He rose in the ranks of the Dutch East India Company (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie, VOC), becoming a respected and well-known figure in the VOC's Batavian society. *1666: Andreas Cleyer, who had studied medicine and had acquired a license to practice medicine, came initially to Southeast Asia as a soldier (''adelborst'') of the ''VOC''. His medical background led to a better posting as the manager of the VOC's military hospital pharmacy in Batavia and later the city pharmacy too. During this period, he also became rector of the Latin school. *1680: Cleyer was appointed a member of the Council of Justices (''Raad van Justitië'') in Batavia. *1682–1683: The Council ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andreas Cleyer-Book
Andreas ( el, Ἀνδρέας) is a name usually given to males in Austria, Greece, Cyprus, Denmark, Armenia, Estonia, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Finland, Flanders, Germany, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, Romania, the Netherlands, and Indonesia. The name derives from the Greek noun ἀνήρ ''anēr'', with genitive ἀνδρός ''andros'', which means "man". See the article on ''Andrew'' for more information. The Scandinavian name is earliest attested as antreos in a runestone from the 12th century. The name Andrea may be used as a feminine form, but is instead the main masculine form in Italy and the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. Given name Andreas is a common name, and this is not a comprehensive list of articles on people named Andreas. See instead . Surname * Alfred T. Andreas, American publisher and historian * Casper Andreas (born 1972), American actor and film director * Dwayne Andreas, a businessman * Harry Andreas * Lisa Andreas Places *Andreas, Isle of Man, a village an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
18th-century German Physicians
The 18th century lasted from January 1, 1701 ( MDCCI) to December 31, 1800 ( MDCCC). During the 18th century, elements of Enlightenment thinking culminated in the American, French, and Haitian Revolutions. During the century, slave trading and human trafficking expanded across the shores of the Atlantic, while declining in Russia, China, and Korea. Revolutions began to challenge the legitimacy of monarchical and aristocratic power structures, including the structures and beliefs that supported slavery. The Industrial Revolution began during mid-century, leading to radical changes in human society and the environment. Western historians have occasionally defined the 18th century otherwise for the purposes of their work. For example, the "short" 18th century may be defined as 1715–1789, denoting the period of time between the death of Louis XIV of France and the start of the French Revolution, with an emphasis on directly interconnected events. To historians who expand ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Botanists Active In Japan
This is a list of botanists who have Wikipedia articles, in alphabetical order by surname. The List of botanists by author abbreviation is mostly a list of plant taxonomists because an author receives a standard abbreviation only when that author originates a new plant name. Botany is one of the few sciences which can boast, since the Middle Ages, of a substantial participation by women. A *Erik Acharius *Julián Acuña Galé *Johann Friedrich Adam *Carl Adolph Agardh *Jacob Georg Agardh *Nikolaus Ager *William Aiton *Frédéric-Louis Allamand *Carlo Allioni *Prospero Alpini * Benjamin Alvord *Adeline Ames *Eliza Frances Andrews *Agnes Arber *Giovanni Arcangeli *David Ashton *William Guybon Atherstone *Anna Atkins * Daniel E. Atha *Armen Takhtajan B * Ernest Brown Babcock *Churchill Babington *Curt Backeberg *James Eustace Bagnall *Jacob Whitman Bailey *Liberty Hyde Bailey *Ibn al-Baitar *Giovanni Battista Balbis *John Hutton Balfour *Joseph Banks * César Barbosa * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1698 Deaths
Events January–March * January 1 – The Abenaki tribe and Massachusetts colonists sign a treaty, ending the conflict in New England. * January 4 – The Palace of Whitehall in London, England is destroyed by fire. * January 23 – George Louis becomes Elector of Hanover upon the death of his father, Ernest Augustus. Because the widow of Ernest Augustus, George's mother Sophia, was heiress presumptive as the cousin of Anne, Queen of Great Britain, and Anne's closest eligible heir, George will become King of Great Britain. * January 30 – William Kidd, who initially seized foreign ships under authority as a privateer for the British Empire before becoming a pirate, becomes an outlaw and uses his ship, the ''Adventure Galley'', to capture an Indian ship, the valuable ''Quedagh Merchant'', near India. * February 17 – The Maratha Empire fort at Gingee falls after a siege of almost nine years by the Mughal Empire as King Rajaram escapes to safety. General Swarup Sing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1634 Births
Events January–March * January 12– After suspecting that he will be dismissed, Albrecht von Wallenstein, supreme commander of the Holy Roman Empire's Army, demands that his colonels sign a declaration of personal loyalty. * January 14– France's ''Compagnie normande'' obtains a one-year monopoly on trade with the African kingdoms in Guinea. * January 19– Charles IV, Duke of Lorraine abdicates in favor of his brother Nicholas II, who is only able to hold the throne for 75 days. * January 24– Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor, signs a classified order dismissing Albrecht von Wallenstein, the supreme commander of the Imperial Army. * February 18– Emperor Ferdinand II's dismissal of Commander Wallenstein for high treason, and the order for his capture, dead or alive, is made public. * February 25– Rebel Scots and Irish soldiers assassinate Bohemian military leader Albrecht von Wallenstein at Cheb. * March 1 – The Russians ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wolfgang Michel-Zaitsu
Wolfgang Michel/Michel-Zaitsu (born 1946 in Frankfurt am Main, Germany) is a professor emeritus of Kyushu University in Fukuoka (Japan). He is a specialist in medicine and allied sciences in the history of east–west cultural exchange. In 1984 he was granted tenure as the first foreigner in a Japanese national university. Research topics * Western medicine and allied sciences in early modern Japan. * History of "Dutch Learning" (Rangaku) and "Western Studies" (''yôgaku'') in early modern Japan * Acupuncture and moxibustion in Europe (16–19th century) * Eclecticism and indigenous knowledge in early modern Japanese medicine By combining Japanese and Western manuscript sources, Michel shed new light on Western medicine and allied sciences in early modern Japan and the interdependence of Western studies on Eastern medicine and Japanese studies on Western medicine. His research clarified the mechanism of early medical interactions between Japan and Europe and induced a revision o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sakaki
''Cleyera japonica'' (sakaki) is a flowering evergreen tree native to warm areas of Japan, Taiwan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, and northern India (Min and Bartholomew 2015). It can reach a height of 10 m. The leaves are 6–10 cm long, smooth, oval, leathery, shiny and dark green above, yellowish-green below, with deep furrows for the leaf stem. The bark is dark reddish brown and smooth. The small, scented, cream-white flowers open in early summer, and are followed later by berries which start red and turn black when ripe. Sakaki is one of the common trees in the second layer of the evergreen oak forests. It is considered sacred to Japanese Shintō faith, and is one of the classical offerings at Shintō shrines. Uses Sakaki wood is used for making utensils (especially combs), building materials, and fuel. It is commonly planted in gardens, parks, and shrines. Sakaki is considered a sacred tree in the Shinto religion, along with other evergreens such as and . Shinto shrines ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moxibustion
Moxibustion () is a traditional Chinese medicine therapy which consists of burning dried mugwort ('' wikt:moxa'') on particular points on the body. It plays an important role in the traditional medical systems of China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, and Mongolia. Suppliers usually age the mugwort and grind it up to a fluff; practitioners burn the fluff or process it further into a cigar-shaped stick. They can use it indirectly, with acupuncture needles, or burn it on the patient's skin. Moxibustion is promoted as a treatment for a wide variety of conditions, but its use is not backed by good evidence and it carries a risk of adverse effects. Terminology The first Western remarks on moxibustion can be found in letters and reports written by Portuguese missionaries in 16th-century Japan. They called it ''botão de fogo'' ("fire button"), a term originally used for round-headed Western cautery irons. Hermann Buschoff, who published the first Western book on this matter in 1674 (Engli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michał Boym
Michał Piotr BoymHis first name is also often rendered as ''Michele'', ''Michel'', ''Miguel'', ''Michael Peter'' (;Transliterated also (using Wade-Giles) as ''Pu Che-yuen Mi-ko'' c. 1612 – 1659) was a Polish Jesuit missionary to China, scientist and explorer. He was an early Western traveller within the Chinese mainland, and the author of numerous works on Asian fauna, flora and geography. The first European Chinese dictionary, published in 1670, is attributed to Boym. Biography Michał Boym was born in Lwów, Poland (now Lviv, Ukraine), around 1614, to a well-off family of Hungarian ancestry. His grandfather Jerzy Boim came to Poland from Hungary with the king Stefan Batory, and married Jadwiga Niżniowska.Ród Boimów (The Boim Family) Michał's father, [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
