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Amylostereaceae
''Amylostereum'' is the single genus in the fungal family Amylostereaceae. The genus currently comprises four saprotrophic and parasitic species, which live off living or dead wood. The Amylostereaceae cause white rot in the wood by disintegrating the tissue component lignin. They produce crust-like, partially wavy fruit bodies on the surface of infested trees, which are similar to those produced by ''Stereum'' species. There are four described species in the Amylostereaceae: '' A. chailletii'' (the type), '' A. areolatum'', '' A. ferreum'' and '' A. laevigatum''. The species were initially considered part of ''Stereum'' until mycologist Jacques Boidin found atypical microscopic differences between them. Forty years after his extensive researches from 1958, Boidin reclassified ''Amylostereum'' into its own family. Three ''Amylostereum'' species are symbionts of wood wasps in the genera ''Sirex'', ''Urocerus'', and ''Xoanon'', which infest conifers. The femal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amylostereum Laevigatum
''Amylostereum laevigatum'' is a species of crust fungus in the family Amylostereaceae. Originally named ''Thelephora laevigata'' by Elias Fries in 1828, it was given its current name when transferred to the genus ''Amylostereum'' by French mycologist Jacques Boidin in 1958. Ecology ''Amylostereum laevigatum'' is known from Norway, Sweden, France, Switzerland, Canada and the United States, where it occurs on ''Abies'', ''Juniperus'', ''Taxus'' and ''Thuja''. The fungus first appeared in Japan as a symbiont of the Japanese horntail (''Urocerus japonicus''), being injected into the sapwood of the Japanese cedar (''Cryptomeria japonica'') and the Japanese cypress ''Chamaecyparis obtusa'' (Japanese cypress, hinoki cypress or hinoki; ja, 檜 or , ) is a species of cypress native to central Japan in East Asia, and widely cultivated in the temperate northern hemisphere for its high-quality timber and orname ... (''Chamaecyparis obtusa'') trees when the female horntail oviposited ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amylostereum Ferreum
''Amylostereum ferreum'' is a species of crust fungus in the family Amylostereaceae ''Amylostereum'' is the single genus in the fungal family Amylostereaceae. The genus currently comprises four saprotrophic and parasitic species, which live off living or dead wood. The Amylostereaceae cause white rot in the wood by disintegratin .... References External links * Russulales Fungi described in 1869 Taxa named by Miles Joseph Berkeley {{Russulales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycangia
The term mycangium (pl., mycangia) is used in biology for special structures on the body of an animal that are adapted for the transport of symbiotic fungi (usually in spore form). This is seen in many xylophagous insects (e.g. horntails and bark beetles), which apparently derive much of their nutrition from the digestion of various fungi that are growing amidst the wood fibers. In some cases, as in ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae), the fungi are the sole food, and the excavations in the wood are simply to make a suitable microenvironment for the fungus to grow. In other cases (e.g., the southern pine beetle, ''Dendroctonus frontalis''), wood tissue is the main food, and fungi weaken the defense response from the host plant. Some species of phoretic mites that ride on the beetles, have their own type of mycangium, but for historical reasons, mite taxonomists use the term acarinarium. Apart from riding on the beetles, the mites live together w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amylostereum Areolatum
''Amylostereum areolatum'' is a species of crust fungus. Originally called ''Thelephora areolata'' in 1828, it was given its current name by French mycologist Jacques Boidin Ancient and noble French family names, Jacques, Jacq, or James are believed to originate from the Middle Ages in the historic northwest Brittany region in France, and have since spread around the world over the centuries. To date, there are over ... in 1958. References External links * Russulales Fungi of Europe Fungi described in 1828 {{Russulales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amylostereum Chailletii
''Amylostereum chailletii'' is a species of crust fungus. It was originally described in 1822 as ''Thelephora chailletii'' by Christian Hendrik Persoon in 1822, and given its current name when it was moved into ''Amylostereum'' by Jacques Boidin in 1958. It causes a white rot, especially in spruce and fir Firs (''Abies'') are a genus of 48–56 species of evergreen coniferous trees in the family (biology), family Pinaceae. They are found on mountains throughout much of North America, North and Central America, Europe, Asia, and North Africa. The ... species. References External links * Russulales Fungi of Europe Fungi of North America Fungi described in 1822 Taxa named by Christiaan Hendrik Persoon {{Russulales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xoanon (insect)
A xoanon (, el, ξόανον; plural: el, ξόανα , from the verb el, ξέειν, , to carve or scrape ood was an Archaic wooden cult image of Ancient Greece. Classical Greeks associated such cult objects, whether aniconic or effigy, with the legendary Daedalus. Many such cult images were preserved into historical times, though none are known to have survived to the modern day, except as copies in stone or marble. In the 2nd century CE, Pausanias described numerous xoana in his ''Description of Greece'', notably the image of Hera in her temple at Samos. "The statue of the Samian Hera, as Aethilos sic">/nowiki>sicThe_name_''Aethilos''_in_the_available_text_is_thought_to_be_a_mis-spelling_of_''Aethlios''..html" ;"title="sic.html" ;"title="/nowiki>sic">/nowiki>sicThe name ''Aethilos'' in the available text is thought to be a mis-spelling of ''Aethlios''.">sic.html" ;"title="/nowiki>sic">/nowiki>sicThe name ''Aethilos'' in the available text is thought to be a mis-spelli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Symbiosis
Symbiosis (from Greek , , "living together", from , , "together", and , bíōsis, "living") is any type of a close and long-term biological interaction between two different biological organisms, be it mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic. The organisms, each termed a symbiont, must be of different species. In 1879, Heinrich Anton de Bary defined it as "the living together of unlike organisms". The term was subject to a century-long debate about whether it should specifically denote mutualism, as in lichens. Biologists have now abandoned that restriction. Symbiosis can be obligatory, which means that one or more of the symbionts depend on each other for survival, or facultative (optional), when they can generally live independently. Symbiosis is also classified by physical attachment. When symbionts form a single body it is called conjunctive symbiosis, while all other arrangements are called disjunctive symbiosis."symbiosis." Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wood Wasp
Sawflies are the insects of the suborder Symphyta within the order Hymenoptera, alongside ants, bees, and wasps. The common name comes from the saw-like appearance of the ovipositor, which the females use to cut into the plants where they lay their eggs. The name is associated especially with the Tenthredinoidea, by far the largest superfamily in the suborder, with about 7,000 known species; in the entire suborder, there are 8,000 described species in more than 800 genera. Symphyta is paraphyletic, consisting of several basal groups within the order Hymenoptera, each one rooted inside the previous group, ending with the Apocrita which are not sawflies. The primary distinction between sawflies and the Apocrita – the ants, bees, and wasps – is that the adults lack a "wasp waist", and instead have a broad connection between the abdomen and the thorax. Some sawflies are Batesian mimics of wasps and bees, and the ovipositor can be mistaken for a stinger. Sawflies vary in leng ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sirex
''Sirex'' is a genus of wasps in the family Siricidae, the horntails or wood wasps. They inject eggs with fungal endosymbionts into wood. The fungus is contained in a mycangium which nourishes it with secretions, and in turn it digests wood for the wasp larva. The genus includes economically important pests; ''S. noctilio'', known simply as the 'Sirex woodwasp' is an invasive species, having spread widely across the world from its original range.Sirex Woodwasp – ''Sirex noctilio''. New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, 2011.Hurley, B. P., et al. (2007) [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Urocerus
''Urocerus'' is a genus of horntails in the family Siricidae. There are about eight described species in ''Urocerus''. Species These species belong to the genus ''Urocerus'': * '' Urocerus albicornis'' ( Fabricius, 1781) (white horned horntail) * '' Urocerus californicus'' Norton, 1869 * '' Urocerus cressoni'' Norton, 1864 (black and red horntail) * '' Urocerus flavicornis'' Fabricius, 1781 (yellow-horned horntail wasp) * '' Urocerus franzinii'' C.Pesarini & F.Pesarini, 1977 * ''Urocerus gigas'' (Linnaeus, 1758) (giant woodwasp) * '' Urocerus japonicus'' (Smith, 1874) (Japanese horntail) * '' Urocerus sah'' ( Mocsáry, 1881) g Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net References Further reading * * * External links * Siricidae {{hymenoptera-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Larva
A larva (; plural larvae ) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle. The larva's appearance is generally very different from the adult form (''e.g.'' caterpillars and butterflies) including different unique structures and organs that do not occur in the adult form. Their diet may also be considerably different. Larvae are frequently adapted to different environments than adults. For example, some larvae such as tadpoles live almost exclusively in aquatic environments, but can live outside water as adult frogs. By living in a distinct environment, larvae may be given shelter from predators and reduce competition for resources with the adult population. Animals in the larval stage will consume food to fuel their transition into the adult form. In some organisms like polychaetes and barnacles, adults are immobil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conifer
Conifers are a group of conifer cone, cone-bearing Spermatophyte, seed plants, a subset of gymnosperms. Scientifically, they make up the phylum, division Pinophyta (), also known as Coniferophyta () or Coniferae. The division contains a single extant class (biology), class, Pinopsida. All Neontology, extant conifers are perennial plant, perennial woody plants with secondary growth. The great majority are trees, though a few are shrubs. Examples include Cedrus, cedars, Pseudotsuga, Douglas-firs, Cupressaceae, cypresses, firs, junipers, Agathis, kauri, larches, pines, Tsuga, hemlocks, Sequoioideae, redwoods, spruces, and Taxaceae, yews.Campbell, Reece, "Phylum Coniferophyta". Biology. 7th. 2005. Print. P. 595 As of 1998, the division Pinophyta was estimated to contain eight families, 68 genera, and 629 living species. Although the total number of species is relatively small, conifers are ecology, ecologically important. They are the dominant plants over large areas of land, most ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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