|
Ampelomyces Quisqualis
''Ampelomyces quisqualis'' is an anamorphic fungus that is a hyperparasite of powdery mildews. This parasitism reduces growth and may eventually kill the mildew. These mycoparasites can live up to 21 days on mildew-free host plant surfaces, attacking powdery mildew structures as soon as they appear. ''A. quisqualis'' is used as the active ingredient in a commercial fungicide. Distribution and habitat ''Ampelomyces quisqualis'' has been shown to attack more than 64 species of powdery mildew in the genera '' Brasiliomyces'', ''Erysiphe'', '' Leveillula'', ''Microsphaera'', ''Phyllactinia'', ''Podosphaera'', '' Sphaerotheca'', and ''Uncinula''. Powdery mildews in the order Erysiphales are widespread and varied. These powdery mildews occur in many countries around the world and have been recorded on 256 species of plant in 59 families. Life cycle ''Ampelomyces quisqualis'' is a mycoparasite of powdery mildews. It overwinters or survives in the absence of a suitable host as pycnidia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungus
A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, which by one traditional classification include Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the ''Eumycota'' (''true f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microsphaera
''Microsphaera'' is a genus of powdery mildew in the family Erysiphaceae Erysiphales are an order of ascomycete fungi. The order contains one family, Erysiphaceae. Many of them cause plant diseases called powdery mildew. Systematics The order contains one family (Erysiphaceae), 28 genera and approximately 100 speci .... References Erysiphales Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Taxa named by Joseph-Henri Léveillé Taxa described in 1851 {{Leotiomycetes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parasites Of Fungi
Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life. The entomologist E. O. Wilson has characterised parasites as "predators that eat prey in units of less than one". Parasites include single-celled protozoans such as the agents of malaria, sleeping sickness, and amoebic dysentery; animals such as hookworms, lice, mosquitoes, and vampire bats; fungi such as honey fungus and the agents of ringworm; and plants such as mistletoe, dodder, and the broomrapes. There are six major parasitic strategies of exploitation of animal hosts, namely parasitic castration, directly transmitted parasitism (by contact), trophicallytransmitted parasitism (by being eaten), vector-transmitted parasitism, parasitoidism, and micropredation. One major axis of classification concerns invasiveness: an endoparasite lives inside the host's body; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parasitic Fungi
A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, which by one traditional classification include Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the ''Eumycota'' (''true fun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Podosphaera Fuliginea
''Podosphaera fuliginea'' (also known as ''Podosphaera xanthii'') is a plant pathogen that causes powdery mildew on cucurbits. ''Podosphaera fuliginea'' and ''Erysiphe cichoracearum'' are the two most commonly recorded fungi causing cucurbit powdery mildew. In the past, ''Erysiphe cichoracearum'' was considered to be the primary causal organism throughout most of the world. Today, ''Podosphaera fuliginea'' is more commonly reported. Signs and symptoms Powdery mildew is manifest on the plant by white powdery fungal growth on the surface of the leaf, usually both sides of the leaf show fungal growth.McGrath, M.T., 1997. Powdery Mildew of Cucurbits. http://vegetablemdonline.ppath.cornell.edu/factsheets/Cucurbits_PM.htm The host tissue is frequently stunted, distorted, discolored, and scarred. The fruit of infected plants are usually smaller and the flavor is affected negatively, as fewer sugars and solids are stored in the fruit. Disease cycle ''Podosphaera fuliginea'' uses haus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cucumber
Cucumber (''Cucumis sativus'') is a widely-cultivated Vine#Horticultural climbing plants, creeping vine plant in the Cucurbitaceae family that bears usually cylindrical Fruit, fruits, which are used as culinary vegetables.Cucumber " ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. [1998] 2019. Considered an annual plant, there are three main varieties of cucumber—slicing, Pickled cucumber, pickling, and Seedless fruit, seedless—within which several cultivars have been created. The cucumber originates from South Asia, but now grows on most continents, as many different types of cucumber are traded on the global market. In North America, the term ''wild cucumber'' refers to plants in the Genus, genera ''Echinocystis'' and ''Marah (plant), Marah'', though the two are not closely related. Description The cucumber is a Vine# ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erysiphe Cichoracearum
''Erysiphe cichoracearum'' is a fungal plant pathogen that causes powdery mildew disease of cucurbits, including melon, cucumber, pumpkin, and squash. The primary symptoms are white, powder-like spots on the leaves and stems. ''Sphaerotheca fuliginea'' causes a similar looking powdery mildew Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that affects a wide range of plants. Powdery mildew diseases are caused by many different species of ascomycete fungi in the order Erysiphales. Powdery mildew is one of the easier plant diseases to identify, as ... of cucurbits. External links Powdery Mildew of Cucurbits Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Fruit and vegetable pathogens and diseases cicnoracearum Fungi described in 1805 {{fungus-plant-disease-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascocarp
An ascocarp, or ascoma (), is the fruiting body ( sporocarp) of an ascomycete phylum fungus. It consists of very tightly interwoven hyphae and millions of embedded asci, each of which typically contains four to eight ascospores. Ascocarps are most commonly bowl-shaped (apothecia) but may take on a spherical or flask-like form that has a pore opening to release spores (perithecia) or no opening (cleistothecia). Classification The ascocarp is classified according to its placement (in ways not fundamental to the basic taxonomy). It is called ''epigeous'' if it grows above ground, as with the morels, while underground ascocarps, such as truffles, are termed ''hypogeous''. The structure enclosing the hymenium is divided into the types described below (apothecium, cleistothecium, etc.) and this character ''is'' important for the taxonomic classification of the fungus. Apothecia can be relatively large and fleshy, whereas the others are microscopic—about the size of flecks ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypha
A hypha (; ) is a long, branching, filamentous structure of a fungus, oomycete, or actinobacterium. In most fungi, hyphae are the main mode of vegetative growth, and are collectively called a mycelium. Structure A hypha consists of one or more cells surrounded by a tubular cell wall. In most fungi, hyphae are divided into cells by internal cross-walls called "septa" (singular septum). Septa are usually perforated by pores large enough for ribosomes, mitochondria, and sometimes nuclei to flow between cells. The major structural polymer in fungal cell walls is typically chitin, in contrast to plants and oomycetes that have cellulosic cell walls. Some fungi have aseptate hyphae, meaning their hyphae are not partitioned by septa. Hyphae have an average diameter of 4–6 µm. Growth Hyphae grow at their tips. During tip growth, cell walls are extended by the external assembly and polymerization of cell wall components, and the internal production of new cell membrane. The S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conidium
A conidium ( ; ), sometimes termed an asexual chlamydospore or chlamydoconidium (), is an asexual, non-motile spore of a fungus. The word ''conidium'' comes from the Ancient Greek word for dust, ('). They are also called mitospores due to the way they are generated through the cellular process of mitosis. The two new haploid cells are genetically identical to the haploid parent, and can develop into new organisms if conditions are favorable, and serve in biological dispersal. Asexual reproduction in ascomycetes (the phylum Ascomycota) is by the formation of conidia, which are borne on specialized stalks called conidiophores. The morphology of these specialized conidiophores is often distinctive between species and, before the development of molecular techniques at the end of the 20th century, was widely used for identification of (''e.g.'' ''Metarhizium'') species. The terms microconidia and macroconidia are sometimes used. Conidiogenesis There are two main types of co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pycnidium
A pycnidium (plural pycnidia) is an asexual fruiting body produced by mitosporic fungi, for instance in the order Sphaeropsidales ( Deuteromycota, Coelomycetes) or order Pleosporales (Ascomycota, Dothideomycetes). It is often spherical or inversely pearshaped ( obpyriform) and its internal cavity is lined with conidiophores. When ripe, an opening generally appears at the top, through which the pycnidiospore {{Short pages monitor [Baidu] |
Erysiphales
Erysiphales are an order of ascomycete fungi. The order contains one family, Erysiphaceae. Many of them cause plant diseases called powdery mildew. Systematics The order contains one family (Erysiphaceae), 28 genera and approximately 100 species. Many imperfect fungi (fungi whose sexual reproduction is unknown) belong here, especially the genus '' Oidium''. Recent molecular data have revealed the existence of six main evolutionary lineages. Clade 1 consists of ''Erysiphe'', ''Microsphaera'', and ''Uncinula'', all of which have an ''Oidium'' subgenus ''Pseudoidium'' mitosporic state. Clade 2 consists of '' Erysiphe galeopsidis'' and '' Erysiphe cumminsiana'' (anamorphs in ''Oidium'' subgenus ''Striatoidium''). Clade 3 consists of ''Erysiphe'' species with anamorphs in ''Oidium'' subgenus ''Reticuloidium''. Clade 4 consists of ''Leveillula'' and ''Phyllactinia'', which have ''Oidiopsis'' and ''Ovulariopsis'' mitosporic states, respectively. Clade 5 consists of '' Sphaerotheca'', ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
