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Ammine
In coordination chemistry, metal ammine complexes are metal complexes containing at least one ammonia () ligand. "Ammine" is spelled this way due to historical reasons; in contrast, alkyl or aryl bearing ligands are spelt with a single "m". Almost all metal ions bind ammonia as a ligand, but the most prevalent examples of ammine complexes are for Cr(III), Co(III), Ni(II), Cu(II) as well as several platinum group metals.A. von Zelewsky "Stereochemistry of Coordination Compounds" John Wiley: Chichester, 1995. . History Ammine complexes played a major role in the development of coordination chemistry, specifically determination of the stereochemistry and structure. They are easily prepared, and the metal-nitrogen ratio can be determined by elemental analysis. Through studies mainly on the ammine complexes, Alfred Werner developed his Nobel Prize-winning concept of the structure of coordination compounds (see Figure). One of the first ammine complexes to be described was Magnus' green ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coordination Chemistry
A coordination complex consists of a central atom or ion, which is usually metallic and is called the ''coordination centre'', and a surrounding array of bound molecules or ions, that are in turn known as ''ligands'' or complexing agents. Many metal-containing compounds, especially those that include transition metals (elements like titanium that belong to the Periodic Table's d-block), are coordination complexes. Nomenclature and terminology Coordination complexes are so pervasive that their structures and reactions are described in many ways, sometimes confusingly. The atom within a ligand that is bonded to the central metal atom or ion is called the donor atom. In a typical complex, a metal ion is bonded to several donor atoms, which can be the same or different. A polydentate (multiple bonded) ligand is a molecule or ion that bonds to the central atom through several of the ligand's atoms; ligands with 2, 3, 4 or even 6 bonds to the central atom are common. These compl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metal Complex
A coordination complex consists of a central atom or ion, which is usually metallic and is called the ''coordination centre'', and a surrounding array of bound molecules or ions, that are in turn known as ''ligands'' or complexing agents. Many metal-containing compounds, especially those that include transition metals (elements like titanium that belong to the Periodic Table's d-block), are coordination complexes. Nomenclature and terminology Coordination complexes are so pervasive that their structures and reactions are described in many ways, sometimes confusingly. The atom within a ligand that is bonded to the central metal atom or ion is called the donor atom. In a typical complex, a metal ion is bonded to several donor atoms, which can be the same or different. A polydentate (multiple bonded) ligand is a molecule or ion that bonds to the central atom through several of the ligand's atoms; ligands with 2, 3, 4 or even 6 bonds to the central atom are common. These compl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hexamminecobalt(III) Chloride
Hexaamminecobalt(III) chloride is the chemical compound with the formula o(NH3)6l3. It is the chloride salt of the coordination complex o(NH3)6sup>3+, which is considered an archetypal "Werner complex", named after the pioneer of coordination chemistry, Alfred Werner. The cation itself is a metal ammine complex with six ammonia ligands attached to the cobalt(III) ion. Originally salts of o(NH3)6sup>3+ were described as the ''luteo'' (Latin: yellow) complex of cobalt. This name has been discarded as modern chemistry considers color less important than molecular structure. Other similar complexes also had color names, such as ''purpureo'' (Latin: purple) for a cobalt pentammine complex, and ''praseo'' (Greek: green) and ''violeo'' (Latin: violet) for two isomeric tetrammine complexes. Properties and structure o(NH3)6sup>3+ is diamagnetic, with a low-spin 3d6 octahedral Co(III) center. The cation obeys the 18-electron rule and is considered to be a classic example of an ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hexamminecobalt(III) Chloride
Hexaamminecobalt(III) chloride is the chemical compound with the formula o(NH3)6l3. It is the chloride salt of the coordination complex o(NH3)6sup>3+, which is considered an archetypal "Werner complex", named after the pioneer of coordination chemistry, Alfred Werner. The cation itself is a metal ammine complex with six ammonia ligands attached to the cobalt(III) ion. Originally salts of o(NH3)6sup>3+ were described as the ''luteo'' (Latin: yellow) complex of cobalt. This name has been discarded as modern chemistry considers color less important than molecular structure. Other similar complexes also had color names, such as ''purpureo'' (Latin: purple) for a cobalt pentammine complex, and ''praseo'' (Greek: green) and ''violeo'' (Latin: violet) for two isomeric tetrammine complexes. Properties and structure o(NH3)6sup>3+ is diamagnetic, with a low-spin 3d6 octahedral Co(III) center. The cation obeys the 18-electron rule and is considered to be a classic example of an ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ammonia
Ammonia is an inorganic compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula . A stable binary hydride, and the simplest pnictogen hydride, ammonia is a colourless gas with a distinct pungent smell. Biologically, it is a common nitrogenous waste, particularly among aquatic organisms, and it contributes significantly to the nutritional needs of terrestrial organisms by serving as a precursor to 45% of the world's food and fertilizers. Around 70% of ammonia is used to make fertilisers in various forms and composition, such as urea and Diammonium phosphate. Ammonia in pure form is also applied directly into the soil. Ammonia, either directly or indirectly, is also a building block for the synthesis of many pharmaceutical products and is used in many commercial cleaning products. It is mainly collected by downward displacement of both air and water. Although common in nature—both terrestrially and in the outer planets of the Solar System—and in wide use, ammonia is both caust ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pentamminerhodium Chloride
Pentamminechlororhodium dichloride is the dichloride salt of the coordination complex . It is a yellow, water-soluble solid. The salt is an intermediate in the purification of rhodium from its ores. As shown by X-ray crystallography, the salt consists of the octahedral complex and two chloride counterions. It forms from the reaction of rhodium trichloride and ammonia in ethanol. Two chloride anions are labile, whereas the coordinated chloride ligand is not. Treatment of with zinc dust in the presence of ammonia gives the hydride complex , hH(NH3)5sup>2+. Related compounds *Chloropentamminecobalt chloride Chloropentamminecobalt chloride is the dichloride salt of the coordination complex o(NH3)5Clsup>2+. It is a red-violet, diamagnetic, water-soluble salt. The compound has been of academic and historical interest. Synthesis and reactions The s ... References {{Rhodium compounds Chlorides Rhodium(III) compounds Ammine complexes Coordination complexes Chloro co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hexaamminenickel Chloride
Hexaamminenickel chloride is the chemical compound with the formula i(NH3)6l2. It is the chloride salt of the metal ammine complex i(NH3)6sup>2+. The cation features six ammonia (called ammines in coordination chemistry) ligands attached to the nickel(II) ion. Properties and structure i(NH3)6sup>2+, like all octahedral nickel(II) complexes, is paramagnetic with two unpaired electrons localized on each Ni center. i(NH3)6l2 is prepared by treating aqueous nickel(II) chloride with ammonia Ammonia is an inorganic compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula . A stable binary hydride, and the simplest pnictogen hydride, ammonia is a colourless gas with a distinct pungent smell. Biologically, it is a common nitrogenous was .... It is useful as a molecular source of anhydrous nickel(II).G. S. Girolami, T. B. Rauchfuss, and R. J. Angelici (1999) ''Synthesis and Technique in Inorganic Chemistry'', University Science Books: Mill Valley, CA. References {{reflist Nickel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cisplatin
Cisplatin is a chemotherapy medication used to treat a number of cancers. These include testicular cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, breast cancer, bladder cancer, head and neck cancer, esophageal cancer, lung cancer, mesothelioma, brain tumors and neuroblastoma. It is given by injection into a vein. Common side effects include bone marrow suppression, hearing problems, including total irreversible hearing loss, usually restricted to one ear, kidney damage, and vomiting. Other serious side effects include numbness, trouble walking, allergic reactions, electrolyte problems, and heart disease. Use during pregnancy can cause harm to the developing fetus. Cisplatin is in the platinum-based antineoplastic family of medications. It works in part by binding to DNA and inhibiting its replication. Cisplatin was discovered in 1845 and licensed for medical use in 1978 and 1979. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Medical use Cisplatin is a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pentaamine(dinitrogen)ruthenium(II) Chloride
Pentaamine(nitrogen)ruthenium(II) chloride is an inorganic compound with the formula u(NH3)5(N2)l2. It is a nearly white solid, but its solutions are yellow. The cationic complex is of historic significance as the first compound with N2 bound to a metal center. u(NH3)5(N2)sup>2+ adopts an octahedral structure with C4v symmetry. Preparation and properties Pentaamine(nitrogen)ruthenium(II) chloride is synthesized in an aqueous solution from pentaamminechlororuthenium(III) chloride, sodium azide, and methanesulfonic acid:Allen, A. D., Bottomley, F., Harris, R. O., Reinsalu, V. P., Senoff, C. V. "Pentaammine(Nitrogen)Ruthenium(II) Salts and Other Ammines of Ruthenium" ''Inorganic Syntheses'', 2007, volume 12, pp. 2-8. : u(NH3)5Cll2 + NaN3 → u(NH3)5N2l2 + ... If it is to be used ''in situ'', the cation can be made more conveniently from ruthenium(III) chloride and hydrazine hydrate: :RuCl3 + 4 N2H4 → u(NH3)5N2sup>2+ + ... This N2 complex is stable in aqueous solution and has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magnus' Green Salt
Magnus's green salt is the inorganic compound with the formula t(NH3)4PtCl4]. This salt is named after Heinrich Gustav Magnus, who, in the early 1830s, first reported the compound. The compound is a linear chain compound, consisting of a chain of platinum atoms. It is dark green, which is unusual for platinum compounds. Structure This species has attracted interest in materials chemistry and solid-state physics because of its one-dimensional structure. It contains a chain of alternating tCl4sup>2− anions and t(NH3)4sup>2+ cations, in which the platinum atoms are separated by 3.25 Å. It is a semiconductor. Preparation The compound may be prepared by combining aqueous solutions of t(NH3)4sup>2+ and tCl4sup>2−, which gives a deep green solid precipitate. Under some conditions, this reaction affords a pink polymorph of Magnus's green salt. In this so-called "Magnus's pink salt", the square planar Pt complexes are not stacked. Related compounds Magnus's green salt has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alfred Werner
Alfred Werner (12 December 1866 Р15 November 1919) was a Swiss chemist who was a student at ETH Zurich and a professor at the University of Zurich. He won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1913 for proposing the octahedral configuration of transition metal complexes. Werner developed the basis for modern coordination chemistry. He was the first inorganic chemist to win the Nobel prize, and the only one prior to 1973.https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1913/werner-bio.html Nobel Prize Retrieved 1 December 2012 Biography Werner was born in 1866 in Mulhouse, Alsace (which was then part of France, but which was annexed by Germany in 1871). He was raised as Roman Catholic. He was the fourth and last child of Jean-Adam Werner, a foundry worker, and his second wife, Salom̩ Jeanette Werner, who originated from a wealthy family. He went to Switzerland to study chemistry at the Swiss Federal Institute (Polytechnikum) in Zurich, but since this institute was n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reinecke's Salt
Reinecke's salt is a chemical compound with the formula NH4 r(NCS)4(NH3)2· H2O. The dark-red crystalline compound is soluble in boiling water, acetone, and ethanol. The chromium atom is surrounded by six nitrogen atoms in an octahedral geometry. The NH3 ligands are mutually ''trans'' and the Cr–NCS groups are linear. The salt crystallizes with one molecule of water. Structure It was first reported in 1863. NH4 r(NCS)4(NH3)2is prepared by treatment of molten NH4SCN (melting point around 145–150 °C) with (NH4)2Cr2O7. Use This salt was once widely used to precipitate primary and secondary amines as their ammonium salts. Included in the amines that effectively form crystalline precipitates are those derived from the amino acids, including proline and hydroxyproline (2''S'',4''R'')-4-Hydroxyproline, or L-hydroxyproline ( C5 H9 O3 N), is an amino acid, abbreviated as Hyp or O, ''e.g.'', in Protein Data Bank. Structure and discovery In 1902, Hermann Emil Fischer isolated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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