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Amerikanka
The Pre-Trial Detention Centre of the KGB of Belarus ( be, Следчы ізалятар КДБ Беларусі, translit=Sledčy izaliatar KDB Bielarusi; russian: Следственный изолятор КГБ Республики Беларусь, translit=Sledstvenny izolyator KGB Respubliki Belarus, СИЗО КГБ, SIZO KGB, also informally called Amerikanka ( be, Амерыканка, translit=Amierykanka, lit=American; russian: Американка) is a pre-trial prison in the centre of Minsk, operated by the KGB of Belarus. The prison is used for detaining persons against whom investigation is being carried out by the KGB of Belarus, in particular, in cases where state interests are involved. History The prison firstly operated as the internal prison of the Soviet secret police, the Cheka. It was constructed in the 1920s as part of a complex of buildings used by the Cheka. The informal name ''Amerikanka'' is believed to be referring to the prison's form as a Panopticon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of People And Organizations Sanctioned In Relation To Human Rights Violations In Belarus
Since the 1990s, Belarus has been actively criticized by the United States, the European Union, the OSCE and the United Nations for Human rights in Belarus, human rights violations and electoral fraud. Various Belarusian officials, businesspeople with links to the authoritarian regime of Alexander Lukashenko and their companies have been subject to various sanctions involving asset freeze and travel bans. US sanctions Individuals Political leadership, propaganda Law enforcement Judiciary Businesspeople Companies Other EU sanctions list following 2006 presidential elections Senior state leadership Election organization State security services Judiciary EU sanctions list preceding the 2010 Presidential elections The list of sanctioned individuals was consolidated on 25 October 2010. The 2010 Belarusian presidential election, presidential election was held on 19 December that year. EU sanctions list following 23 September 2012 elections This list of sanctioned ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
KGB (Belarus)
The State Security Committee of the Republic of Belarus (KGB RB; russian: Комитет государственной безопасности Республики Беларусь, КГБ РБ; be, Камітэт дзяржаўнай бяспекі Рэспублікі Беларусь, КДБ РБ, Kamitet dziaržaŭnaj biaspieki Respubliki Belarus', KDB RB) is the national intelligence agency of Belarus. Along with its counterparts in Transnistria and South Ossetia, it kept the unreformed name after declaring independence. It is the successor to the KGB of the Byelorussian SSR, a branch of the Soviet KGB which operated in the Byelorussian republic. Felix Dzerzhinsky, who founded the first Soviet secret police, the Cheka, was born in present-day Belarus and remains an important figure in the state ideology of Belarus under president Alexander Lukashenko as well as a patron of the Belarusian KGB. It is governed by the law ''About State Security Bodies of the Republic of B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1937 Mass Execution Of Belarusians
In October 1937, there was a mass extermination of Belarusian writers, artists and statespeople by the Soviet Union occupying authorities. This event marked the peak of the Great Purge and Soviet repressions in Belarus, repressions of Belarusians in the Soviet Union, Soviet-controlled area of Eastern Belorussia, eastern Belarus. More than 100 notable persons were executed, most of them on the night of 2930 October 1937. Their innocence was later admitted by the Soviet Union after Joseph Stalin's death. History On 7 September 1937 Joseph Stalin signed a list of persons to be judged by a Soviet Military commission. The list was also signed by Vyacheslav Molotov, Lazar Kaganovich, Klim Voroshilov and Nikolay Yezhov. There were trials related to persons from the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Belarusian SSR and these were given in a different list dated 15 September 1937 and signed by Stalin, Molotov and the senior state security official Vladimir Tsesarsky. The list of pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minsk
Minsk ( be, Мінск ; russian: Минск) is the capital and the largest city of Belarus, located on the Svislach and the now subterranean Niamiha rivers. As the capital, Minsk has a special administrative status in Belarus and is the administrative centre of Minsk Region (voblast) and Minsk District (raion). As of January 2021, its population was 2 million, making Minsk the 11th most populous city in Europe. Minsk is one of the administrative capitals of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). First documented in 1067, Minsk became the capital of the Principality of Minsk before being annexed by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1242. It received town privileges in 1499. From 1569, it was the capital of the Minsk Voivodeship, an administrative division of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. It was part of a region annexed by the Russian Empire in 1793, as a consequence of the Second Partition of Poland. From 1919 to 1991, aft ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kazimierz Świątek
Kazimierz Cardinal Świątek ( be, Казімір Свёнтак, translit=Kazimir Sviontak; 21 October 1914 – 21 July 2011) was a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who was most known for his resistance to Cold War-era Soviet communism and for his service in Minsk, Belarus. Cardinal Swiatek was the former Metropolitan Archbishop of Minsk-Mohilev, and Apostolic Administrator of Pinsk. Świątek was born to Polish parents in the municipality of Walk, in what was then the Russian Empire, the present-day municipality of Valga, Estonia. His family was deported to Siberia during the Russian Revolution. His father died fighting in the Polish-Soviet War. The future Cardinal lived in newly independent Poland from 1922. After completing his philosophical and theological studies at the seminary in Pinsk, Świątek was ordained as a Roman Catholic priest in 1939, and then was sent to the parish of Pruzhany. The Soviet Union occupied Pinsk after the Nazi-Soviet Pact divided Pola ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet Invasion Of Poland
The Soviet invasion of Poland was a military operation by the Soviet Union without a formal declaration of war. On 17 September 1939, the Soviet Union invaded Poland from the east, 16 days after Nazi Germany invaded Poland from the west. Subsequent military operations lasted for the following 20 days and ended on 6 October 1939 with the two-way division and annexation of the entire territory of the Second Polish Republic by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. This division is sometimes called the Fourth Partition of Poland. The Soviet (as well as German) invasion of Poland was indirectly indicated in the "secret protocol" of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact signed on 23 August 1939, which divided Poland into "spheres of influence" of the two powers. German and Soviet cooperation in the invasion of Poland has been described as co-belligerence. The Red Army, which vastly outnumbered the Polish defenders, achieved its targets, encountering only limited resistance. Some 320,000 Poles ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valery Marakou
Valery Marakou ( be, Валеры Маракоў; russian: Валерий Дмитриевич Моряков; 29 October 1937) was a Belarusian poet and translator. Biography First verses of poetry by Marakou were published as ''Petals'' in 1925 (as stated by Leanid Marakou, though the cover (illustrated) states 1926), and attracted the attention of the famous Belarusian poet Yanka Kupala who supported the young poet. During Marakou's short lifetime, four books of his poetry had been published. In March 1935 Marakou was arrested by agents of the Cheka for the first time. He was arrested again on 6 November 1936. In October 1937, after a year of torture, Marakou was charged with being "a member of a counter-revolutionary national-fascist organisation", at a session of NKVD's "troika". He was executed by firing squad in the 1937 mass execution of Belarusians on 29 October in the internal NKVD prison in Minsk, together with other 22 Belarusian intellectuals and social activi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Platon Halavach
Platon Halavach (Belarusian, Платон Раманавіч Галавач, russian: Плато́н Рома́нович Голова́ч; 1903 – October 29, 1937) was a Belarusian writer. During the Great Purge, he became a victim of the 1937 mass execution of Belarusians In October 1937, there was a mass extermination of Belarusian writers, artists and statespeople by the Soviet Union occupying authorities. This event marked the peak of the Great Purge and Soviet repressions in Belarus, repressions of Belarusians i .... Bibliography * '' Ліўшыц, У.'' Платон Галавач: лёс чалавека і пісьменніка// Брама. 2016.Вып.4.— Мн.: С.245-258. * ''Луфераў М.,'' Платон Галавач, в кн.: Гiсторыя беларускай савецкай лiтаратуры, т. 1. — Miнск, 1964. * ''Каленкович И.'' Творчество Платона Головача: (Жанрово-стилевое свое ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anatol Volny
Anatol' Volny (left) and Mihas' Charot {{Expand Belarusian, Анатоль Вольны, date=June 2017 Biography From the family of a civil servant. In 1911, he entered the Abbot's Gymnasium, received secondary education. He graduated from the Marinagore Railway School of the 2nd degree In 1920, he joined the Red Army as a volunteer, took part in battles with the interventionists. After demobilization in 1921, he worked in the Central Committee of the LKSM; in the newspaper "Moladi Arati". Studied at BSU. In the 1920s and 1930s, he was an active participant in the literary and artistic movement in Belarus. From 1923 in the "Maladnyak" literary association, and from 1928 - in "Polimi". Member of the SP of the BSSR (since 1934). He was married, raising a child. Arrested on November 4, 1936 in Minsk at the address: st. M. Hopkago, d. 4, quarter 6. On October 28, 1937, as a "member of a counter-revolutionary organization", he was convicted by an extrajudicial body of the National ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yakau Branshteyn
Yakau Anatolevich Branshteyn (Belarusian: Якаў Анатолевіч Бранштэйн, russian: Яков Анатольевич Бронштейн, ''Yakov Anatolyevich Bronshteyn''; November 10, 1897 - October 29, 1937) was a Belarusian literary critic. He was born in Bielsk Podlaski in the Grodno Governorate of the Russian Empire (present-day Poland). During the Great Purge, he was shot as part of the 1937 mass execution of Belarusians. After the death of Joseph Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet political leader who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953. He held power as General Secreta ..., he was rehabilitated. References * Бародзіч Д. Спадчына Я. Бранштэйна // ЛіМ. 1958, 23 ліп. * Лынькоў М. Ён быў сярод нас… // ЛіМ. 1962, 25 снеж. * БП, т. 1. * Возвращенные имен ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rada BNR
The Rada of the Belarusian Democratic Republic ( be, Рада Беларускай Народнай Рэспублікі, Рада БНР, Rada BNR) was the governing body of the Belarusian Democratic Republic. Since 1919, the Rada BNR has been in exile where it has preserved its existence among the Belarusian diaspora as an advocacy group promoting support to Belarusian independence and democracy in Belarus among Western policymakers. As of 2022, the Rada BNR is the oldest existing government in exile. Formation The Rada BNR was founded as the executive body of the First All-Belarusian Congress, held in Minsk in December 1917 with over 1800 participants from different regions of Belarus including representatives of Belarusian national organisations, regional zemstva, main Christian denominations and Belarusian Jewish political parties. The work of the Congress was violently interrupted by the Bolsheviks. After retreat of the Bolsheviks from Minsk, the Rada (council) declar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
West Belarus
Western Belorussia or Western Belarus ( be, Заходняя Беларусь, translit=Zachodniaja Bielaruś; pl, Zachodnia Białoruś; russian: Западная Белоруссия, translit=Zapadnaya Belorussiya) is a historical region of modern-day Belarus which belonged to the Second Polish Republic during the interwar period. For twenty years before the 1939 invasion of Poland, it was the northern part of the Polish Kresy macroregion. Following the end of World War II in Europe, most of Western Belorussia was ceded to the Soviet Union by the Allies, while some of it, including Białystok, was given to the Polish People's Republic. Until the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Western Belorussia formed the western part of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSSR). Today, it constitutes the west of modern Belarus. Created by the USSR after the conquest of Poland, the new western provinces of Byelorussian SSR acquired from Poland included Baranavichy, Belastok ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
