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Ambigolimax Parvipenis
''Ambigolimax parvipenis'' is a species of air-breathing land slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the Limacidae. Taxonomy ''Ambigolimax parvipenis'' was first clearly characterised in 2014, based on specimens from the British Isles. This work showed it to be distinct from the externally similar '' Ambigolimax valentianus'' on the basis both of genital anatomy and of the genetic sequences in the barcoding COI mitochondrial gene. The species later named ''Ambigolimax parvipenis'' was at that time referred to as ''Ambigolimax nyctelius'' (Bourguignat, 1861) because of some similarity in genital anatomy with a slug species from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh that had been named ''Limax nyctelius'' or ''Lehmannia nyctelia'' (since renamed '' Ambigolimax waterstoni''). These two slug species both lack a penial appendage but differ considerably in the length of the penis. In 2022 it was shown that they are indeed different species, that they had both been confu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology, behaviour or ecological niche. In addition, paleontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined. The most recent rigorous estimate for the total number of species of eukaryotes is between 8 and 8.7 million. However, only about 14% of these had been described by 2011. All species (except viruses) are given a two-part name, a "binomial". The first part of a binomial is the genus to which the species belongs. The second part is called the specific name or the specific epithet (in botanical nomenclature, also sometimes i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lehmannia Carpatica
''Lehmannia carpatica'' is a species of air-breathing land slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Limacidae. Taxonomy When Grossu & Lupu (1963) first noted this species, in Romania, its long penis and lack of penial appendage led it to be confused with ''Ambigolimax waterstoni'', which at that time was incorrectly named as ''Limax nyctelius''; the later renamings as ''Lehmannia nyctelia'' or ''Ambigolimax nyctelius'' remained incorrect. Only in 2022 was the confusion recognised, requiring both ''A. waterstoni'' and ''L. carpatica'' to be formally described as distinct species. The same article described a third species, ''Ambigolimax parvipenis'' that had also been called ''Lehmannia nyctelia'' and confused with the other two; the article further pointed out that the original name ''Limax nyctelius'' referred to a species of ''Letourneuxia''. ''Lehmannia carpatica'' had also been misidentified as ''Mesolimax braunii'' in an article published in 1898. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pneumostome
The pneumostome or breathing pore is a respiratory opening of the external body anatomy of an air-breathing land slug or land snail. It is a part of the respiratory system of gastropods. It is an opening in the right side of the mantle of a stylommatophoran snail or slug. Air enters through the pneumostome into the animal's single lung, the air-filled mantle cavity. Inside the mantle cavity the animal has a highly vascularized area of tissue that functions as a lung. The pneumostome is often much easier to see in slugs than in snails, because of the absence of a shell which can often block the view of this area. In a land slug, when the pneumostome is wide open, it is usually very clearly visible on the right side of the animal. However, the position of the pneumostome is often not at all easy to discern when this orifice is completely closed. The pneumostome opens and closes in a cyclical manner. The frequency of pneumostome closing and opening is typically less than 0.5 cl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ambigolimax Parvipenis Genitalia
''Ambigolimax'' is a genus of air-breathing land slugs in the family Limacidae, the keelback slugs. There is still ongoing disagreement whether it is more appropriate to consider ''Ambigolimax'' as merely a subgenus of ''Lehmannia''; the evidence for splitting them is phylogenetic trees constructed on the basis of DNA sequences. Species The species in the genus are: * ''Ambigolimax valentianus'' (Férussac, 1822) – Valencia slug, threeband garden slug * ''Ambigolimax parvipenis'' Hutchinson, Reise & Schlitt, 2022 * ''Ambigolimax waterstoni'' Hutchinson, Reise & Schlitt, 2022 In addition, ''Lehmannia melitensis'' is treated as a species of ''Ambigolimax'' by Hutchinson et al. (2022) based on similarity of DNA sequences. (Previous usage of the name ''Ambigolimax nyctelius'' has now been shown to refer to several species that had been confused: ''A. parvipenis'', ''A. waterstoni'', and ''Lehmannia carpatica''. Furthermore this species name actually refers to a species ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carpathian Mountains
The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians () are a range of mountains forming an arc across Central Europe. Roughly long, it is the third-longest European mountain range after the Urals at and the Scandinavian Mountains at . The range stretches from the far eastern Czech Republic (3%) and Austria (1%) in the northwest through Slovakia (21%), Poland (10%), Ukraine (10%), Romania (50%) to Serbia (5%) in the south. "The Carpathians" European Travel Commission, in The Official Travel Portal of Europe, Retrieved 15 November 2016 The Carpathian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chafarinas Islands
The Chafarinas Islands ( es, Islas Chafarinas , ber, Igumamen Iceffaren, script=Latn or , ar, جزر الشفارين or ), also spelled Zafarin, Djaferin or Zafarani, are a group of three small Spanish islets located in the Alboran Sea off the coast of Morocco with an aggregate area of , to the east of Nador and off the Moroccan town of Ras Kebdana. The Chafarinas Islands are one of the Spanish territories in North Africa off the Moroccan coast known as . History These offshore islands were probably the of the Romans and the of the Arabs. They were uninhabited and unclaimed in 1848, when the French government decided to occupy them, in order to monitor the tribes living in the border area between Morocco and French Algeria. A small expedition under the command of Colonel MacMahon (the future Marshal MacMahon) left Oran by sea and by land in January 1848 to take possession of the islands. Forewarned by its consul in Oran, Spain, which also coveted the Chafarinas, quickly d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Canary Islands
The Canary Islands (; es, Canarias, ), also known informally as the Canaries, are a Spanish autonomous community and archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, in Macaronesia. At their closest point to the African mainland, they are west of Morocco. They are the southernmost of the autonomous communities of Spain. The islands have a population of 2.2 million people and they are the most populous special territory of the European Union. The seven main islands are (from largest to smallest in area) Tenerife, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Lanzarote, La Palma, La Gomera, and El Hierro. The archipelago includes many smaller islands and islets, including La Graciosa, Alegranza, Isla de Lobos, Montaña Clara, Roque del Oeste, and Roque del Este. It also includes a number of rocks, including those of Salmor, Fasnia, Bonanza, Garachico, and Anaga. In ancient times, the island chain was often referred to as "the Fortunate Isles". The Canary Islands are the southernmost region of Spain, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vice-counties
A vice-county (vice county or biological vice-county) is a geographical division of the British Isles used for the purposes of biological recording and other scientific data-gathering. It is sometimes called a Watsonian vice-county as vice-counties were introduced for Great Britain, its offshore islands, and the Isle of Man, by Hewett Cottrell Watson who first used them in the third volume of his ''Cybele Britannica'' published in 1852. Watson's vice-counties were based on the ancient counties of Britain, but often subdividing these boundaries to create smaller, more uniform units, and considering exclaves to be part of the surrounding vice-county. In 1901 Robert Lloyd Praeger introduced a similar system for Ireland and its off-shore islands. Vice-counties are the "standard geographical area for county based ..recording". They provide a stable basis for recording using similarly sized units, and, although National Grid-based reporting has grown in popularity, vice-counties r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Almondbury
Almondbury () is a village south-east of Huddersfield town centre in West Yorkshire, England. The population of Almondbury in 2001 was 7,368 increasing to 18,346 at the 2011 Census. Almondbury appears in the ''Domesday Book'' as "Almondeberie". After the Norman Conquest, the land around the village was held by the powerful De Lacy family, who gave their name to De Lacy Avenue. For 300 years until the 17th century, the village's Monday Market was the most important in the area. Almondbury was the hub of parish activity and in its early history was a more important centre than the town of Huddersfield. The villages of Linthwaite, Lockwood, Honley, Holmfirth and Meltham were all part of the Almondbury parish area. The village is close to Castle Hill, Huddersfield's most prominent landmark. Almondbury has several notable buildings including the 16th-century Wormald's Hall, now the village Conservative club, and the Grade I listed All Hallows Church. The church is mainly Perpe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genitive
In grammar, the genitive case (abbreviated ) is the grammatical case that marks a word, usually a noun, as modifying another word, also usually a noun—thus indicating an attributive relationship of one noun to the other noun. A genitive can also serve purposes indicating other relationships. For example, some verbs may feature arguments in the genitive case; and the genitive case may also have adverbial uses (see adverbial genitive). Genitive construction includes the genitive case, but is a broader category. Placing a modifying noun in the genitive case is one way of indicating that it is related to a head noun, in a genitive construction. However, there are other ways to indicate a genitive construction. For example, many Afroasiatic languages place the head noun (rather than the modifying noun) in the construct state. Possessive grammatical constructions, including the possessive case, may be regarded as a subset of genitive construction. For example, the genitive construc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Etymology
Etymology ()The New Oxford Dictionary of English (1998) – p. 633 "Etymology /ˌɛtɪˈmɒlədʒi/ the study of the class in words and the way their meanings have changed throughout time". is the study of the history of the Phonological change, form of words and, by extension, the origin and evolution of their semantic meaning across time. It is a subfield of historical linguistics, and draws upon comparative semantics, Morphology_(linguistics), morphology, semiotics, and phonetics. For languages with a long recorded history, written history, etymologists make use of texts, and texts about the language, to gather knowledge about how words were used during earlier periods, how they developed in Semantics, meaning and Phonological change, form, or when and how they Loanword, entered the language. Etymologists also apply the methods of comparative linguistics to reconstruct information about forms that are too old for any direct information to be available. By analyzing related ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Letourneuxia Nyctelia
''Letourneuxia nyctelia'' is a species of terrestrial slug, a gastropod mollusc, belonging to the family Arionidae. Taxonomy For many years this species was known as ''Letourneuxia numidica'', described by Bourguignat from Algeria. The other species of ''Letourneuxia'' were synonymised with ''L. numidica'' by Wiktor. These included ''Letourneuxia moreleti'', which Castillejo considered instead to be a species of '' Geomalacus'' (criticised by ). In 2022 it was proposed that Bourguignat's 1861 description of ''Limax nyctelius'' referred to a juvenile of the same species that he described five years later as ''Letourneuxia numidica''. The forward position of the pneumostome is not known in any other North African species, and the stripes match. So the name of this species has now become ''Letourneuxia nyctelia'' (Bourguignat, 1861). The lectotype has been designated as the specimen in the illustration referred to in the original species description. Distribution and ecology The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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