|
Amarna Letters–localities And Their Rulers
This is a list of Amarna letters –Text corpus, categorized by: Amarna letters–localities and their rulers. It includes countries, regions, and the cities or city-states. The regions are included in Canaan and the Levant. EA: '' 'el Amarna' ''–(Akhenaten's capitol of Akhetaten). The Amarna letters text corpus contains 382 numbered letters; there are "sub-Text corpora" in the letters, most notably the 68–letter ''corpus'' of Rib-Hadda of Gubla–(Byblos). Localities / Rulers Sub-corpus lists No. 201–206: ''"Ready for marching orders (1–6)"'' List of letters: EA 201–206.Actually authored by the same scribe. Also scribed EA 195, See: Prostration formula. Leaders only in reference Leaders that are only referred to in the letter corpus. See also * Foreign relations of Egypt during the Amarna period References * Moran, William L. ''The Amarna Letters The Amarna letters (; sometimes referred to as the Amarna correspondence or Amarna tablets, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amarna Letters
The Amarna letters (; sometimes referred to as the Amarna correspondence or Amarna tablets, and cited with the abbreviation EA, for "El Amarna") are an archive, written on clay tablets, primarily consisting of diplomatic correspondence between the Ancient Egypt, Egyptian administration and its representatives in Canaan and Amurru kingdom, Amurru, or neighboring kingdom leaders, during the New Kingdom, spanning a period of no more than thirty years between c. 1360–1332 BC (see Amarna letters#Chronology, here for dates).Moran, p.xxxiv The letters were found in Upper Egypt at el-Amarna, the modern name for the ancient Egyptian capital of ''Akhetaten'', founded by pharaoh Akhenaten (1350s–1330s BC) during the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt. The Amarna letters are unusual in Egyptological research, because they are written not in the language of ancient Egypt, but in cuneiform, the writing system of ancient Mesopotamia. Most are in a variety of Akkadian language, Akkadian sometim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aziru
Aziru was the Canaanite ruler of Amurru kingdom, Amurru, modern Lebanon, in the 14th century BC. He was the son of Abdi-Ashirta, the previous Egyptian vassal of Amurru and a direct contemporary of Akhenaten. The dealings of Aziru are well-known from the Amarna letters. While being a formal vassal of Egypt, he tried to expand his kingdom towards the Mediterranean coast and captured the city of Zemar, Sumur (Simyrra). This was seen with alarm by his neighbouring states, particularly Rib-Hadda, the king of Gubla, (Byblos), who pleaded for Egyptian troops to be sent for their protection. Rib-Hadda was ultimately exiled—and probably not long afterwards killed—at the behest of Aziru. Rib-Hadda had left his city of Byblos for four months to conclude a treaty with the king of Beirut, Ammunira, but when he returned home, he learned that a palace coup led by his brother Ili-Rapih, Ilirabih had unseated him from power. He temporarily sought refuge with Ammunira and unsuccessfully appeal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amarna Letter EA 256
Amarna letter EA 256, in short EA 256, catalogued under the title ''Oaths and Denials'', is one of a total of about 350 so-called Amarna letters, belonging to an official correspondence dating to the mid-14th century BC (about 1350 BC till 20–25 years later). The initial corpus of letters were found at Akhenaten's city Akhetaten, on the floor of the Bureau of Correspondence of Pharaoh; others were later found, adding to the body of letters. Description EA 256 is a square, mostly flat clay tablet letter written on both sides; it is also written on the bottom, top (=bottom of ''reverse'' side), and the last 3 lines are written on the left edge (obverse), where the start of lines on the obverse form a 'straight' margin. The reverse of the letter (see Rohl), has a list of towns in, or associated with the Golan Heights. The surface of the letter is rough (partially eroded?), or photos of the reverse especially, do not easily highlight the cuneiform characters. The topic of the let ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ayyab
Ayyab was a ruler of Aštartu (present day Tell Ashtara) south of Damascus. According to the Amarna letters, cities/city-states and their kings in the region — just like countries to the north, such as Hatti of the Hittites, fell prey to a wave of attacks by Habiru raiders. The Amarna correspondence corpus covers a period from 1350– 1335 BC. Another ruler of Aštartu cited in the Amarna letters is Biridašwa. The letters do not clearly indicate their title, leading some scholars to describe them as kings of Damascus (Dimašqu) while others believe they were high Egyptian officials, possibly mayors.Wayne Thomas Pitard''Ancient Damascus: A Historical Study of the Syrian City-State from Earliest Times Until Its Fall to the Assyrians in 732 B.C.E.''Eisenbrauns, 1987. p. 67. Ayyab's letter EA 364 Ayyab is the author of only one letter to the Egyptian pharaoh, letter EA 364-( EA for 'el Amarna'). Title: ''Justified war'' :To the king, my lord: Message of ''Ayyab'', your servant. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tell-Ashtara
Tell Ashtara ( ar, تل عشترة) is an archaeological mound south of Damascus. The Bronze Age city that once stood here may have been mentioned in the Amarna letters correspondence of 1350 BC as Aštartu, and is usually identified with the Biblical city of Ashtaroth. Aštartu in Egyptian texts Aštartu is only referenced in two of the 382-letter Amarna corpus, in letters EA 256 and EA 197 (EA stands for 'el-Amarna'). EA 197 is catalogued as ''"Biryawaza's plight"''. Biryawaza was the mayor of Damascus, called ''Dimasqu'' in the letters' Akkadian. EA 256 is a story concerning Mutbaal, the son of Labaya, and the Habiru, in regard to the whereabouts of Ayyab, who may be in Pihilu, modern day Pella, Jordan, and is a letter of intrigue, catalogued as ''"Oaths and denials"'', and lists 7 cities located in the Golan area. Ayyab was the king of Aštartu. He authored of one surviving letter to the Egyptian pharaoh, listed as EA 364. Aštartu is mentioned in the Annals of Thutmos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ashtartu
Tell Ashtara ( ar, تل عشترة) is an archaeological mound south of Damascus. The Bronze Age city that once stood here may have been mentioned in the Amarna letters correspondence of 1350 BC as Aštartu, and is usually identified with the Biblical city of Ashtaroth. Aštartu in Egyptian texts Aštartu is only referenced in two of the 382-letter Amarna corpus, in letters EA 256 and EA 197 (EA stands for 'el-Amarna'). EA 197 is catalogued as ''"Biryawaza's plight"''. Biryawaza was the mayor of Damascus, called ''Dimasqu'' in the letters' Akkadian. EA 256 is a story concerning Mutbaal, the son of Labaya, and the Habiru, in regard to the whereabouts of Ayyab, who may be in Pihilu, modern day Pella, Jordan, and is a letter of intrigue, catalogued as ''"Oaths and denials"'', and lists 7 cities located in the Golan area. Ayyab was the king of Aštartu. He authored of one surviving letter to the Egyptian pharaoh, listed as EA 364. Aštartu is mentioned in the Annals of Thutmos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yidya
Yidya, and also Idiya, was the Canaanite mayor/ruler of ancient Ašqaluna/Ashkelon in the 1350- 1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence. Yidya is mainly referenced in the Amarna letters corpus, in his own letters: EA 320–326, (EA for 'el Amarna'). However, the other reference to Yidya is a letter from the pharaoh to his vassal Yidya, letter EA 370. The titles of Yidya's letters are as follows: :EA 320—title: ''"Listening carefully (1)"'' :EA 321—title: ''"Listening carefully (2)"'' :EA 322—title: ''"Listening carefully (3)"'' : EA 323—title: ''"A royal order for glass"'' :EA 324—title: ''"Preparations completed (1)"'' : EA 325—title: ''"Preparations Completed (2)"'' :EA 326—title: ''"A new commissioner"'' The letters of ''Yidya'' EA 370, title: ''"From the Pharaoh to a vassal"'' :"Say to ''Idiya'', the ruler of Ašqaluna: Thus the king. He herewith dispatches to you this tablet-(i.e. tablet-letter), saying to you, Be on your guard. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
