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Allocator (C )
In C++ computer programming, allocators are a component of the C++ Standard Library. The standard library provides several data structures, such as list and set, commonly referred to as containers. A common trait among these containers is their ability to change size during the execution of the program. To achieve this, some form of dynamic memory allocation is usually required. Allocators handle all the requests for allocation and deallocation of memory for a given container. The C++ Standard Library provides general-purpose allocators that are used by default, however, custom allocators may also be supplied by the programmer. Allocators were invented by Alexander Stepanov as part of the Standard Template Library (STL). They were originally intended as a means to make the library more flexible and independent of the underlying memory model, allowing programmers to utilize custom pointer and reference types with the library. However, in the process of adopting STL into the C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Block Allocation Map
In computer file systems, a block allocation map is a data structure used to track Block size (data storage and transmission), disk blocks that are considered "in use". Blocks may also be referred to as allocation units or Data_cluster, clusters. CP/M used a block allocation map in its Directory_(file_systems), directory. Each directory entry could list 8 or 16 blocks (depending on disk format) that were allocated to a file. If a file used more blocks, additional directory entries would be needed. Thus, a single file could have multiple directory entries. A benefit of this method is the possibility to use sparse files by declaring a large file size but only allocating blocks that are actually used. A detriment of this method is the disk may have free space (unallocated blocks) but data cannot be appended to a file because all directory entries are used. Errata The Commodore DOS used a similarly named but significantly different noting. See also *File Allocation Table *Design ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Resource Allocation
In economics, resource allocation is the assignment of available resources to various uses. In the context of an entire economy, resources can be allocated by various means, such as markets, or planning. In project management, resource allocation or resource management is the scheduling of activities and the resources required by those activities while taking into consideration both the resource availability and the project time. Economics In economics, the field of public finance deals with three broad areas: macroeconomic stabilization, the distribution of income and wealth, and the allocation of resources. Much of the study of the allocation of resources is devoted to finding the conditions under which particular mechanisms of resource allocation lead to Pareto efficient outcomes, in which no party's situation can be improved without hurting that of another party. Strategic planning In strategic planning, resource allocation is a plan for using available resources, for exampl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Location-allocation
Location-allocation refers to algorithms used primarily in a geographic information system to determine an optimal location for one or more facilities that will service demand from a given set of points. Algorithms can assign those demand points to one or more facilities, taking into account factors Factor, a Latin word meaning "who/which acts", may refer to: Commerce * Factor (agent), a person who acts for, notably a mercantile and colonial agent * Factor (Scotland), a person or firm managing a Scottish estate * Factors of production, su ... such as the number of facilities available, their cost, and the maximum impedance from a facility to a point. Location-allocation models aim to locate the optimal location for each facility. Allocating a number of people for each facility, according to the inputs of each model. How to find a point (school) among three points (people) at which the least distance between it and such points can be achieved? That was the historical dilemma fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allocation Voting
Cumulative voting (also accumulation voting, weighted voting or multi-voting) is a multiple-winner method intended to promote more proportional representation than winner-take-all elections such as block voting or first past the post. Cumulative voting is used frequently in corporate governance, where it is mandated by some (7) U.S. states ''(''see e.g., ''Minn. Stat. Sec. 302A.111 subd. 2(d).)''. History Cumulative voting was used to elect the Illinois House of Representatives from 1870 until its repeal in 1980 and used in England and Scotland in the late 19th century to elect some school boards. As of March 2012, more than fifty communities in the United States use cumulative voting, all resulting from cases brought under the National Voting Rights Act of 1965. Among them are Peoria, Illinois for half of its city council, Chilton County, Alabama for its county council and school board, and Amarillo, Texas, for its school board and College Board of Regents. Courts sometimes m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allocation (oil And Gas)
In the petroleum industry, allocation refers to practices of breaking down measures of quantities of extracted hydrocarbons across various contributing sources. Allocation aids the attribution of ownerships of hydrocarbons as each contributing element to a commingled flow or to a storage of petroleum may have a unique ownership. Contributing sources in this context are typically producing petroleum wells delivering flows of petroleum or flows of natural gas to a commingled flow or storage. The terms hydrocarbon accounting and allocation are sometimes used interchangeably. Hydrocarbon accounting has a wider scope, taking advantages of allocation results, it is the petroleum management process by which ownership of extracted hydrocarbons is determined and tracked from a point of sale or discharge back to the point of extraction. In this way, hydrocarbon accounting also covers inventory control, material balance, and practices to trace ownership of hydrocarbons being transported in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allocution
An allocution, or allocutus, is a formal statement made to the court by the defendant who has been found guilty prior to being sentenced. It is part of the criminal procedure in some jurisdictions using common law. Concept An allocution allows the defendant to explain why the sentence should be lenient. In plea bargains, an allocution may be required of the defendant. The defendant explicitly admits specifically and in detail the actions and their reasons in exchange for a reduced sentence. In principle, that removes any doubt as to the exact nature of the defendant's guilt in the matter. The term "allocution" is used generally only in jurisdictions in the United States, but there are vaguely similar processes in other common law countries. In many other jurisdictions, it is for the defense lawyer to mitigate on their client's behalf, and the defendant rarely has the opportunity to speak. The right of victims to speak at sentencing is also sometimes referred to as allocutio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Type Allocation Code
The Type Allocation Code (TAC) is the initial eight- digit portion of the 15-digit IMEI and 16-digit IMEISV codes used to uniquely identify wireless devices. The Type Allocation Code identifies a particular model (and often revision) of wireless telephone for use on a GSM, UMTS or other IMEI-employing wireless network. The first two digits of the TAC are the Reporting Body Identifier. This indicates the GSMA The GSM Association (commonly referred to as 'the GSMA' or ''Global System for Mobile Communications'', originally ''Groupe Spécial Mobile'') is an industry organisation that represents the interests of mobile network operators worldwide. More ...-approved group that allocated the TAC. Prior to January 1, 2003, the global standard for the IMEI started with a six-digit Type Approval Code followed by a two-digit Final Assembly Code (FAC). The Type Approval Code (also known as TAC) indicated that the particular device was approved by a national GSM approval body and the FA ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frequency Allocation
Frequency allocation (or spectrum allocation or spectrum management) is the allocation and regulation of the electromagnetic spectrum into radio frequency bands, normally done by governments in most countries. Because radio propagation does not stop at national boundaries, governments have sought to harmonise the allocation of RF bands and their standardization. ITU definition The International Telecommunication Union defines frequency allocation as being of "a given frequency band for the purpose of its use by one or more terrestrial or space radiocommunication services or the radio astronomy service under specified conditions".ITU Radio Regulations, Section IV. Radio Stations and Systems – Article 1.16, definition: allocation (of a frequency band). ''Frequency allocation'' is also a special term, used in national frequency administration. Other terms are: Bodies Several bodies set standards for frequency allocation, including: * International Telecommunication Union (IT ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Call-sign Allocation Plan
In telecommunication, call-sign allocation plan is the table of allocation of international call sign series contained in the current edition of the ''International Telecommunication Union (ITU) ''Radio Regulations''.'' ''Note:'' In the table of allocation, the first two characters of each call sign (whether two letters or one number and one letter, in that order) identify the nationality of the station. In certain instances where the complete alphabetical block is allocated to a single nation, the first letter is sufficient for national identity. Individual assignments are made by appropriate national assignment authorities from the national allocation. See also * North American call sign * ITU prefix * Airline codes References *Code of Federal Regulations In the law of the United States, the ''Code of Federal Regulations'' (''CFR'') is the codification of the general and permanent regulations promulgated by the executive departments and agencies of the federal gove ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tax Allocation District
A tax-allocation district (TAD), also known as tax increment financing, is a defined area where real estate property tax monies gathered above a certain threshold for a certain period of time (typically 25 years) to be used for a specified improvement. The funds raised from a TAD are placed in a tax-free bond (finance) where the money can continue to grow. These improvements are typically for revitalization and especially to complete redevelopment efforts. Tax-increment financing has attracted much criticism as merely a subsidy to connected developers. California, where the practice began, has discontinued their use though it will be paying off debt on previous formed districts for years to come. Enactment of a TAD typically requires approval of all local governments who will be giving-up taxes, thus a project within a municipality will also require approval of the county's commission (or its local equivalent), and the board of the school district, in addition to the city council ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Market Allocation Scheme
Market allocation or market division schemes are agreements in which competitors divide markets among themselves. In such schemes, competing firms allocate specific customers or types of customers, products, or territories among themselves. For example, one competitor will be allowed to sell to, or bid on contracts let by, certain customers or types of customers. In return, he or she will not sell to, or bid on contracts let by, customers allocated to the other competitors. In other schemes, competitors agree to sell only to customers in certain geographic areas and refuse to sell to, or quote intentionally high prices to, customers in geographic areas allocated to conspirator companies. Antitrust According to Adam Smith, people of the same trade seldom meet without the conversation Conversation is interactive communication between two or more people. The development of conversational skills and etiquette is an important part of socialization. The development of conversatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allocator (C++)
In C++ computer programming, allocators are a component of the C++ Standard Library. The standard library provides several data structures, such as list and set, commonly referred to as containers. A common trait among these containers is their ability to change size during the execution of the program. To achieve this, some form of dynamic memory allocation is usually required. Allocators handle all the requests for allocation and deallocation of memory for a given container. The C++ Standard Library provides general-purpose allocators that are used by default, however, custom allocators may also be supplied by the programmer. Allocators were invented by Alexander Stepanov as part of the Standard Template Library (STL). They were originally intended as a means to make the library more flexible and independent of the underlying memory model, allowing programmers to utilize custom pointer and reference types with the library. However, in the process of adopting STL into the C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
