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Ali Akbar Mousavi Movahedi
Ali Akbar Moosavi-Movahedi ( fa, علیاکبر موسوی موحدی; born February 1953) is an Iranian biophysicist, and biophysical chemist at the Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran. He is the founder of thIran Society of Biophysical Chemistry. He is the fellow of The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS), fellow of Islamic World Academy of Sciences (IAS), and a member of the Islamic Republic of Iran Academy of Sciences. Education and early life Ali Akbar Moosavi-Movahedi was born in Shiraz, Iran, in 1953. He attended Alborz High School in 1968, graduated from the National University of Iran (now known as Shahid Beheshti University) with a BSc in chemistry in 1975, earned his MSc in Bioanalytical Chemistry at the Eastern Michigan University in 1979, and obtained his Ph.D. in Biophysical Chemistry at the University of Manchester in 1986. Professional experience Ali Akbar Moosavi-Movahedi's research career has been mostly marked on thermodynamics ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shiraz
Shiraz (; fa, شیراز, Širâz ) is the List of largest cities of Iran, fifth-most-populous city of Iran and the capital of Fars province, Fars Province, which has been historically known as Pars (Sasanian province), Pars () and Persis. As of the 2016 national census, the population of the city was 1,565,572 people, and its built-up area with Sadra, Fars, Sadra was home to almost 1,800,000 inhabitants. A census in 2021 showed an increase in the city's population to 1,995,500 people. Shiraz is located in Southern Iran, southwestern Iran on the () seasonal river. Founded in the early Islamic period, the city has a moderate climate and has been a regional trade center for over a thousand years. The earliest reference to the city, as ''Tiraziš'', is on Elamite Clay tablet, clay tablets dated to 2000 BCE. The modern city was restored or founded by the Arabs, Arab Umayyad Caliphate in 693 CE and grew prominent under the successive Iranian peoples, Iranian Saffarid dynasty, Saffar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surfactants
Surfactants are chemical compounds that decrease the surface tension between two liquids, between a gas and a liquid, or interfacial tension between a liquid and a solid. Surfactants may act as detergents, wetting agents, emulsion#Emulsifiers , emulsifiers, foaming agents, or dispersants. The word "surfactant" is a Blend word, blend of ''surface-active agent'', coined . Agents that increase surface tension are "surface active" in the literal sense but are not called surfactants as their effect is opposite to the common meaning. A common example of surface tension increase is salting out: by adding an inorganic salt to an aqueous solution of a weakly polar substance, the substance will precipitate. The substance may itself be a surfactant – this is one of the reasons why many surfactants are ineffective in sea water. Composition and structure Surfactants are usually organic compounds that are amphiphilic, meaning each molecule contains both a hydrophilic "water-seeking" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khwarizmi International Award
The Khwarizmi International Award is a research award given annually by the President of Iran. The awardees, 10 senior researchers and 10 young researchers, are selected by the Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST). It honors "individuals who have made outstanding achievements in research, innovation and invention, in fields related to science and technology". The award is given to the most prominent scientists and engineers, with a recent emphasis on digital and mechanical technologies, and is generally considered as the most prestigious scientific award in Iran. Participation is open to non-Iranian researchers. History In 1987, the Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), affiliated to the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology of Iran, decided to institute an award which acknowledges the Iranian outstanding achievements in the field of Science and Technology. IROST proposed the creation of the Khwarizmi Award in memory o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
USERN
USERN, the official acronym of Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, is non-governmental, non-profit organization and network for non-military scientific investigation and policy-making. USERN was established on 1 January 2016 and the basic statutes of USERN were drafted on 21 January 2015. Official inauguration of the statutes was held on 10 November 2016, the UN Day of Science for Peace and Development, after signing by hundreds of top 1% scientists worldwide. USERN is an organization for the advancement of ethical and professional scientific research and education and for the advancement of science for non-military purposes. Membership At the beginning of 2016, USERN started its official activities and after the first meeting, prompted further members to join via the USERN website. The USERN website however has always faced critics in its functionality as users have often reported trouble logging in, changing the password or editing their pages. USERN Priz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Biophysical Societies' Association
The ''European Biophysics Journal'' is published by Springer Science+Business Media on behalf of the European Biophysical Societies Association. The journal publishes papers in the field of biophysics, defining this as the study of biological phenomena using physical methods and concepts. It publishes original papers, reviews and letters. The journal aims "to advance the understanding of biological structure and function by application of the principles of physical science, and by presenting the work in a biophysical context". The editor-in-chief of the journal is Robert Gilbert (University of Oxford). Scope and indexing Areas of research frequently published in the ''European Biophysics Journal'' include: structure and dynamics of biological macromolecules, membrane biophysics and ion channels, cell biophysics and organisation, macromolecular assemblies, biophysical methods and instrumentation, advanced microscopy, and system dynamics. Among others, the journal is abstracted ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Union Of Biochemistry And Molecular Biology
The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IUBMB) is an international non-governmental organisation concerned with biochemistry and molecular biology. Formed in 1955 as the International Union of Biochemistry (IUB), the union has presently 79 member countries and regions (as of 2020).IUBMB: the first half-century. /ref> The Union is devoted to promoting research and education in biochemistry and molecular biology throughout the world and gives particular attention to areas where the subject is still in its early development History The first Congress of Biochemistry ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
UNESCO Chair
The UNESCO Chairs program was conceived as a way to advance research, training and programme development in higher education by building university networks and encouraging inter-university cooperation through transfer of knowledge across borders. History It was established in 1992 following the decision taken at its 26th session of the General Conference of United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) aimed at promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture. It ... (UNESCO). As of end of 2013, the programme involves over 854 institutions in 134 countries. Notable people References External links List of established UNESCO Chairs {{DEFAULTSORT:Unesco Chairs UNESCO Professorships ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Artificial Enzyme
An artificial enzyme is a synthetic organic molecule or ion that recreates one or more functions of an enzyme. It seeks to deliver catalysis at rates and selectivity observed in naturally occurring enzymes. History Enzyme catalysis of chemical reactions occur with high selectivity and rate. The substrate is activated in a small part of the enzyme's macromolecule called the active site. There, the binding of a substrate close to functional groups in the enzyme causes catalysis by so-called proximity effects. It is possible to create similar catalysts from small molecules by combining substrate-binding with catalytic functional groups. Classically, artificial enzymes bind substrates using receptors such as cyclodextrin, crown ethers, and calixarene. Artificial enzymes based on amino acids or peptides have expanded the field of artificial enzymes or enzyme mimics. For instance, scaffolded histidine residues mimic certain metalloproteins and enzymes such as hemocyanin, ty ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Functional Food
A functional food is a food claimed to have an additional (often one related to health promotion or disease prevention) by adding new ingredients or more of existing ingredients. The term may also apply to traits purposely bred into existing edible plants, such as purple or gold potatoes having increased anthocyanin or carotenoid contents, respectively. Functional foods may be "designed to have physiological benefits and/or reduce the risk of chronic disease beyond basic nutritional functions, and may be similar in appearance to conventional food and consumed as part of a regular diet". The term was first used in the 1980s in Japan, where there is a government approval process for functional foods called Foods for Specified Health Use (FOSHU). Industry The functional food industry, consisting of food, beverage and supplement sectors, is one of the several areas of the food industry that is experiencing fast growth in recent years.Roberts, W. "Benefiting Beverages." ''Prepared ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nutraceutical
A nutraceutical or bioceutical is a pharmaceutical alternative which claims physiological benefits. In the US, "nutraceuticals" are largely unregulated, as they exist in the same category as dietary supplements and food additives by the FDA, under the authority of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. Regulation Nutraceuticals are treated differently in different jurisdictions. Canada Under Canadian law, a nutraceutical can either be marketed as a food or as a drug; the terms "nutraceutical" and "functional food" have no legal distinction, referring to "a product isolated or purified from foods that is generally sold in medicinal forms not usually associated with food ndis demonstrated to have a physiological benefit or provide protection against chronic disease." United States The terms "nutraceutical" and 'bioceutical' are not defined by US law. Depending on its ingredients and the claims with which it is marketed, a product is regulated as a drug, dietary supplement, f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peptide
Peptides (, ) are short chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. Long chains of amino acids are called proteins. Chains of fewer than twenty amino acids are called oligopeptides, and include dipeptides, tripeptides, and tetrapeptides. A polypeptide is a longer, continuous, unbranched peptide chain. Hence, peptides fall under the broad chemical classes of biological polymers and oligomers, alongside nucleic acids, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and others. A polypeptide that contains more than approximately 50 amino acids is known as a protein. Proteins consist of one or more polypeptides arranged in a biologically functional way, often bound to ligands such as coenzymes and cofactors, or to another protein or other macromolecule such as DNA or RNA, or to complex macromolecular assemblies. Amino acids that have been incorporated into peptides are termed residues. A water molecule is released during formation of each amide bond.. All peptides except cyclic pep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protein Aggregation
In molecular biology, protein aggregation is a phenomenon in which intrinsically-disordered or mis-folded proteins aggregate (i.e., accumulate and clump together) either intra- or extracellularly. Protein aggregates have been implicated in a wide variety of diseases known as amyloidoses, including ALS, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and prion disease. After synthesis, proteins typically fold into a particular three-dimensional conformation that is the most thermodynamically favorable: their native state. This folding process is driven by the hydrophobic effect: a tendency for hydrophobic (water-fearing) portions of the protein to shield themselves from the hydrophilic (water-loving) environment of the cell by burying into the interior of the protein. Thus, the exterior of a protein is typically hydrophilic, whereas the interior is typically hydrophobic. Protein structures are stabilized by non-covalent interactions and disulfide bonds between two cysteine residues. The non-covale ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
