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Alfenus Varus
Alfenus Varus was an ancient Roman jurist and writer who lived around the 1st century BC. Life Alfenus Varus (whose praenomen might have been Publius) was a pupil of Servius Sulpicius Rufus, and the only pupil of Servius from whom there are any excerpts in the ''Pandects''. Nothing is known about him except from a story preserved by the scholiast Helenius Acron, in his notes on the satires of Horace. The scholiast assumes the "Alfenus Vafer" of Horace to be the lawyer, and says that he was a native of Cremona, where he carried on the trade of a barber or a botcher of shoes, that he came to Rome to become a student of Servius, attained the dignity of consulship, and was honored with a public funeral. Pomponius also states that Varus attained consulship, but this will not prove the rest of the scholiast's story to be true. The Publius Alfenius Varus who was consul in 2 AD can hardly be the pupil of Servius; and it is conjectured that he may have been the jurist's son. It i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epitome
An epitome (; gr, ἐπιτομή, from ἐπιτέμνειν ''epitemnein'' meaning "to cut short") is a summary or miniature form, or an instance that represents a larger reality, also used as a synonym for embodiment. Epitomacy represents "to the degree of." An abridgment differs from an epitome in that an abridgment is made of selected quotations of a larger work; no new writing is composed, as opposed to the epitome, which is an original summation of a work, at least in part. Many documents from the Ancient Greek and Roman worlds survive now only "in epitome," referring to the practice of some later authors (epitomators) who wrote distilled versions of larger works now lost. Some writers attempted to convey the stance and spirit of the original, while others added further details or anecdotes regarding the general subject. As with all secondary historical sources, a different bias not present in the original may creep in. Documents surviving in epitome differ from those su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1st-century BC Roman Consuls
The 1st century was the century spanning AD 1 ( I) through AD 100 ( C) according to the Julian calendar. It is often written as the or to distinguish it from the 1st century BC (or BCE) which preceded it. The 1st century is considered part of the Classical era, epoch, or historical period. The 1st century also saw the appearance of Christianity. During this period, Europe, North Africa and the Near East fell under increasing domination by the Roman Empire, which continued expanding, most notably conquering Britain under the emperor Claudius (AD 43). The reforms introduced by Augustus during his long reign stabilized the empire after the turmoil of the previous century's civil wars. Later in the century the Julio-Claudian dynasty, which had been founded by Augustus, came to an end with the suicide of Nero in AD 68. There followed the famous Year of Four Emperors, a brief period of civil war and instability, which was finally brought to an end by Vespasian, ninth Roman emperor, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaius Norbanus Flaccus
Gaius Norbanus Flaccus was a Roman politician and general during the 1st century BC. Of Etruscan descent, Flaccus was the grandson of Gaius Norbanus. His family had suffered under the proscriptions of Lucius Cornelius Sulla, but had found favour under the regime of Julius Caesar. With Caesar's death, his allegiance passed to Octavianus, Caesar's adopted son. Norbanus was first elected as praetor in 43 BC. With the establishment of the Second Triumvirate and the launching of the civil war against the Liberatores, in 42 BC Norbanus and another general, Decidius Saxa, were sent by Marcus Antonius and Octavianus with eight legions into Macedonia against the assassins of Julius Caesar. Ordered to march quickly to Thrace and hold the mountain passes, thus cutting off the Via Egnatia, Norbanus and Saxa met the combined advancing troops of Gaius Cassius Longinus and Marcus Junius Brutus in the neighborhood of Philippi. As they were outnumbered, Norbanus and Saxa occupied a posit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Appius Claudius Pulcher (consul 38 BC)
Appius Claudius Pulcher was a Roman politician. An early supporter of Augustus, he was elected consul in 38 BC. Biography A member of the patrician branch of the Claudii family, Pulcher was the son of Gaius Claudius Pulcher, praetor in 56 BC. He or his brother was adopted by their paternal uncle Appius Claudius Pulcher, the consul of 54 BC, and took on his ''praenomen'', thus both of the brothers were named "Appius Claudius Pulcher". Both brothers prosecuted Titus Annius Milo in 51 BC for the murder of their other uncle Publius Clodius Pulcher, and managed to convict him with the help of Pompey. Originally a supporter of Mark Antony following the death of Julius Caesar, Pulcher had some sympathy towards the Liberatores, and showed some willingness to join Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus. However, by 38 BC, the year he was elected consul, he had attached himself to the cause of Octavian, one of the earliest patricians to publicly join the heir of Julius Caesar. This alliance may hav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaius Cocceius Balbus
Gaius Cocceius Balbus (fl. 1st century BC) was a Roman politician and military commander who served as Roman consul, suffect consul in 39 BC. Biography A member of the Plebeian Cocceia gens, gens Cocceia, Cocceius Balbus was a supporter of Marc Antony, Marcus Antonius. He was probably elected as praetor in 42 BC. In 39 BC, he was appointed Roman consul, suffect consul to replace Lucius Marcius Censorinus (consul 39 BC), Lucius Marcius Censorinus. In around 35 BC, Cocceius Balbus served as either proconsular governor of Macedonia (Roman province), Macedonia, or as a Legatus in Greece. During his time in Greece, he was acclaimed as ''Imperator'' by his troops. He eventually abandoned Marcus Antonius and threw his support behind Augustus, Octavian after Antonius divorced Octavia the Younger.Stern, Gaius, ''Women, Children, and Senators on the Ara Pacis Augustae: A Study of Augustus' Vision of a New World Order in 13 BC'' (2006), pg. 351 Sources * Thomas Robert Shannon Broughton, Broug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lucius Marcius Censorinus (consul 39 BC)
Lucius Marcius Censorinus was a consul of the Roman Republic in 39 BC, during the Second Triumvirate. He and his colleague Gaius Calvisius Sabinus had been the only two senators who tried to defend Julius Caesar when he was assassinated on the Ides of March in 44 BC, and their consulship under the triumvirate was a recognition of their loyalty. Marcius Censorinus was proconsul of Macedonia and Achaea from 42 to 40 BC. He and a Fabius Maximus were the last proconsuls honored abroad with the title "savior and founder" and with a festival bearing their names before the establishment of the imperial monarchy under Augustus. Following the civil wars of the 40s, Censorinus took possession of Cicero's beloved house on the Palatine. Family The Marcii Censorini were a branch of the plebeian ''gens Marcia'', but Ronald Syme notes their "ancestral prestige, barely conceding precedence to the patriciate." They had been supporters of Gaius Marius and were consistent ''populares'' through ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Republic
The Roman Republic ( la, Res publica Romana ) was a form of government of Rome and the era of the classical Roman civilization when it was run through public representation of the Roman people. Beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom (traditionally dated to 509 BC) and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire, Rome's control rapidly expanded during this period—from the city's immediate surroundings to hegemony over the entire Mediterranean world. Roman society under the Republic was primarily a cultural mix of Latin and Etruscan societies, as well as of Sabine, Oscan, and Greek cultural elements, which is especially visible in the Roman Pantheon. Its political organization developed, at around the same time as direct democracy in Ancient Greece, with collective and annual magistracies, overseen by a senate. The top magistrates were the two consuls, who had an extensive range of executive, legislative, judicial, military, and religious powers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Roman Republican Consuls
This is a list of consuls known to have held office, from the beginning of the Roman Republic to the latest use of the title in Imperial times, together with those magistrates of the Republic who were appointed in place of consuls, or who superseded consular authority for a limited period. Background Republican consuls From the establishment of the Republic to the time of Augustus, the consuls were the chief magistrates of the Roman state, and normally there were two of them, so that the executive power of the state was not vested in a single individual, as it had been under the kings. As other ancient societies dated historical events according to the reigns of their kings, it became customary at Rome to date events by the names of the consuls in office when the events occurred, rather than (for instance) by counting the number of years since the foundation of the city, although that method could also be used. If a consul died during his year of office, another was elected to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaius Calvisius Sabinus (consul 39 BC)
Gaius Calvisius Sabinus was a consul of the Roman Republic in 39 BC under the Second Triumvirate. He and his consular colleague Lucius Marcius Censorinus had been the only two senators who tried to defend Julius Caesar when his assassins struck on 15 March 44 BC, and their consulship under the triumvirate is taken as a recognition of their loyalty. An inscription, described by Ronald Syme as "one of the most remarkable inscriptions ever set up in honour of a Roman senator," praises Calvisius for ''pietas'', his sense of duty or devotion. As a military officer, Calvisius is notable for his long service and competence, though he was not without serious defeats. Family, origin, and affiliations Gaius Calvisius Sabinus is the only member of the '' gens Calvisia'' listed in Broughton's ''Magistrates of the Roman Republic'' as holding office during the Republican era. He is one of several '' novi homines'' ("new men") who achieved not only the consulship but triumphal honors during ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alfena (gens)
The ''gens Alfena'' or ''Alfenia'' was a Roman family, known from the first century BC to the first century AD. The gens is known chiefly from five individuals, three of whom attained the consulship. Three shared the cognomen ''Varus'', and may have been closely related.''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', William Smith, Editor Members * (Publius) Alfenus Varus, a jurist and pupil of Servius Sulpicius Rufus. * Publius Alfenius Varus, perhaps the son of the jurist, consul in AD 2. * Alfenus or Alfenius Varus, perhaps a descendant of the jurist, a general in the service of Aulus Vitellius in AD 69. * Lucius Alfenus Senecio, consul and Roman governor of Britain in the early third century. *Lucius Alfenus Avitianus, consul ''suffectus'' in an uncertain year around AD 210–220; he was a member of the Arval brethren, and served as governor of Arabia Petraea during the reign of Caracalla. See also * List of Roman gentes The gens (plural gentes) was a Roma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
