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Alf Sanengen
Alf Sanengen (2 October 1913 – 13 January 1991) was a Norwegian resistance member during World War II, chemist and research administrator. He was born in Glemmen. During the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany, Sanengen was among the central leaders of the civil resistance. He was manager of ''Sentralinstitutt for industriell forskning'' (SI) from 1950 to 1975. He was chairman of the board of Borregaard Borregaard is a Norwegian company, established in 1889 in the southeastern town of Sarpsborg in Østfold county. Its main products were traditionally pulp and paper. The company later started producing chemicals based on timber as a raw materi ... from 1965. He was a member of the gentlemen's skiing club SK Fram since 1970. References Further reading * 1913 births 1991 deaths People from Fredrikstad Norwegian chemists Norwegian resistance members SK Fram members {{Norway-business-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fredrikstad
Fredrikstad (; previously ''Frederiksstad''; literally "Fredrik's Town") is a city and municipality in Viken county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Fredrikstad. The city of Fredrikstad was founded in 1567 by King Frederick II, and established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see '' formannskapsdistrikt''). The rural municipality of Glemmen was merged with Fredrikstad on 1 January 1964. The rural municipalities of Borge, Onsøy, Kråkerøy, and Rolvsøy were merged with Fredrikstad on 1 January 1994. The city straddles the river Glomma where it meets the Skagerrak, about from the Sweden border. Along with neighboring Sarpsborg, Fredrikstad forms the fifth largest city in Norway: Fredrikstad/Sarpsborg. As of 30 September 2021, according to Statistics Norway, these two municipalities have a total population of 141,708 with 83,761 in Fredrikstad and 57,947 in Sarpsborg. Fredrikstad was built at the mouth of Glomma as a replacement af ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Occupation Of Norway By Nazi Germany
The occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany during the Second World War began on 9 April 1940 after Operation Weserübung. Conventional armed resistance to the German invasion ended on 10 June 1940, and Nazi Germany controlled Norway until the capitulation of German forces in Europe on 8 May 1945. Throughout this period, a pro-German government named Den nasjonale regjering (English: the National Government) ruled Norway, while the Norwegian king Haakon VII and the prewar government escaped to London, where they formed a government in exile. Civil rule was effectively assumed by the ''Reichskommissariat Norwegen'' (Reich Commissariat of Norway), which acted in collaboration with the pro-German puppet government. This period of military occupation is, in Norway, referred to as the "war years", "occupation period" or simply "the war". Background Having maintained its neutrality during the First World War (1914–1918), Norwegian foreign and military policy since 1933 was largely ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Civil Resistance
Civil resistance is political action that relies on the use of nonviolent resistance by ordinary people to challenge a particular power, force, policy or regime. Civil resistance operates through appeals to the adversary, pressure and coercion: it can involve systematic attempts to undermine or expose the adversary's sources of power (or pillars of support, such as police, military, clergy, business elite, etc.). Forms of action have included demonstrations, vigils and petitions; strikes, go-slows, boycotts and emigration movements; and sit-ins, occupations, constructive program, and the creation of parallel institutions of government. Some civil resistance movements' motivations for avoiding violence are generally related to context, including a society's values and its experience of war and violence, rather than to any absolute ethical principle. Civil resistance cases can be found throughout history and in many modern struggles, against both tyrannical rulers and democratical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Borregaard
Borregaard is a Norwegian company, established in 1889 in the southeastern town of Sarpsborg in Østfold county. Its main products were traditionally pulp and paper. The company later started producing chemicals based on timber as a raw material. After a takeover in 1986, Borregaard was part of the chemical division of the Orkla Group until it was spun off and introduced to the Oslo Stock Exchange in October 2012. It had 1050 employees in 2016. The company's core business is based on a Biorefinery that manufactures products based on the different components in wood. Important products are speciality cellulose, lignin products ( lignosulphonates), bio ethanol, yeast and yeast extracts and lignin based vanillin. The company also produces ethyl vanillin, diphenols and fine chemicals. History The name "Borregaard" was connected to Borgargjerdi, the royal seat during the reign of Olav the Holy (1016). In 1312 the estate was handed over from the king and became a country estate wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Store Norske Leksikon
The ''Great Norwegian Encyclopedia'' ( no, Store Norske Leksikon, abbreviated ''SNL''), is a Norwegian-language online encyclopedia. The online encyclopedia is among the most-read Norwegian published sites, with more than two million unique visitors per month. Paper editions 1978–2007 The ''SNL'' was created in 1978, when the two publishing houses Aschehoug and Gyldendal merged their encyclopedias and created the company Kunnskapsforlaget. Up until 1978 the two publishing houses of Aschehoug and Gyldendal, Norway's two largest, had published ' and ', respectively. The respective first editions were published in 1907–1913 (Aschehoug) and 1933–1934 (Gyldendal). The slump in sales for paper-based encyclopedias around the turn of the 21st century hit Kunnskapsforlaget hard, but a fourth edition of the paper encyclopedia was secured by a grant of ten million Norwegian kroner from the foundation Fritt Ord in 2003. The fourth edition consisted of 16 volumes, a t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norsk Krigsleksikon 1940-45
Norwegian, Norwayan, or Norsk may refer to: *Something of, from, or related to Norway, a country in northwestern Europe *Norwegians, both a nation and an ethnic group native to Norway *Demographics of Norway *The Norwegian language, including the two official written forms: **Bokmål, literally "book language", used by 85–90% of the population of Norway **Nynorsk, literally "New Norwegian", used by 10–15% of the population of Norway *The Norwegian Sea Norwegian or may also refer to: Norwegian *Norwegian Air Shuttle, an airline, trading as Norwegian **Norwegian Long Haul, a defunct subsidiary of Norwegian Air Shuttle, flying long-haul flights *Norwegian Air Lines, a former airline, merged with Scandinavian Airlines in 1951 *Norwegian coupling, used for narrow-gauge railways *Norwegian Cruise Line, a cruise line *Norwegian Elkhound, a canine breed. *Norwegian Forest cat, a domestic feline breed *Norwegian Red, a breed of dairy cattle *Norwegian Township, Schuylkill County, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SK Fram (Oslo)
Skiklubben Fram was a Norwegian skiing club, based in Oslo but with its sporting facilities in Vestre Aker—and from 1902 to 1923 in Oppland. Fram was founded in 1889, and after a down period around 1900 it was refurbished as an exclusive gentlemen's social club in a skiing setting. Early years, 1889–c.1900 The club was founded on 24 November 1889 at Framnæs near Skillebekk, whence the Fearnley family had moved here the same year. The club was named after the property and is thus one of very few Norwegian sports clubs named Fram not to derive its name from Nansen's vessel. The founders were ten young boys; Harald Andresen, N. O. Young Fearnley, Thomas Fearnley, Jr., Jens P. Heyerdahl, Waldemar Kallevig, Gerhard Kallevig, William Schiøtt, Johs Schiøtt, Søren Christian Sommerfelt and Sverre Smith (died in 1892). Sommerfelt served as the first chairman.Waldemar Kallevig in Fram, 1940: pp. 15–20 A few new members were admitted before the turn of the century; Bar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edvard Heiberg
Edvard Heiberg (11 June 1911, in Oslo – 10 June 2000, in Oslo) was a Norwegian director and engineer. Heiberg was the youngest son of barrister Axel Heiberg (1875–1952) and his wife Ragnhild Krohg (1879–1947). He had two brothers, Axel Heiberg Jr. (1908–1988) and Bernt Heiberg (1909–2001). In 1937, he married Karin Eldrid Heiberg (1915–92), with whom he had the sons Arvid Heiberg (1937–). and Henning Heiberg (8 September 1940). He started studying in 1929, and graduated in 1934 from the Norwegian Institute of Technology in Trondheim. In 1935, he was employed by the construction company F. Selmer A/S. In the same year, he became assisting engineer in the Norwegian State Railways. From 1937 to 1938, he managed the construction of the Sørland Line, in particular the section from Kristiansand to Moi Station. During the 1940s, he had various positions in the state railways. From 1949 to 1953, he headed the operation department of the state railways. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norwegian Polytechnic Society
The Polytechnic Society ( no, Polyteknisk Forening) is a Norwegian member network that inspires a science-based and sustainable development, through technology and interdisciplinary partnerships. It was founded in 1852 in Christiania (now: Oslo). The organisation was originally a members club gathering people with ambitions to influence the development of natural sciences, technology and modern industry. The Polytechnic Society published a periodical, ''Polyteknisk Tidsskrift'' ("Polytechnic Journal"), from 1854. The periodical was merged with ''Teknisk Ukeblad'' in 1883. The Polytechnic Society is independent, interdisciplinary and non-commercial, with 2,000 private, corporate and organizational members, 6,000 subscribers to newsletters and followers in social media as well as 4,000 listeners to the podcast #PolyPod. The organisation is funded by its members. HM The King Harald and HRH the Crown Prince Haakon are honorary members, and HM The King grants the Polytechnic Society's p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haakon Haraldsen
Haakon may refer to: Given names * Haakon (given name) * Håkon, modern Norwegian spelling of the name * Håkan, Swedish spelling of the name * Hakon, Danish spelling of the name People Norwegian royalty * Haakon I of Norway (c. 920–961), the Good * Haakon Sigurdsson, Earl of Hlaðir (c. 937–995), king of Norway in all but name * Haakon Ericsson (died c. 1029–1030), Earl of Lade and governor of Norway from 1012 to 1015 as a vassal under Danish king Knut the Great * Haakon Magnusson of Norway (1068–94) * Haakon II of Norway (died 1162), Haakon Herdebrei * Haakon III of Norway (1170s–1204), Haakon Sverreson * Haakon IV of Norway (1204–1263), the Old * Haakon V of Norway (1270–1319), Haakon V Magnusson * Haakon VI of Norway (c. 1340–1380), as ''Håkan'' also King of Sweden * Haakon VII of Norway (1872–1957) * Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway (born 1973), crown prince of Norway Other people * Håkan the Red (fl. late 11th century), Swedish ruler * Haakon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1913 Births
Events January * January 5 – First Balkan War: Battle of Lemnos – Greek admiral Pavlos Kountouriotis forces the Turkish fleet to retreat to its base within the Dardanelles, from which it will not venture for the rest of the war. * January 13 – Edward Carson founds the (first) Ulster Volunteer Force, by unifying several existing loyalist militias to resist home rule for Ireland. * January 23 – 1913 Ottoman coup d'état: Ismail Enver comes to power. * January – Stalin (whose first article using this name is published this month) travels to Vienna to carry out research. Until he leaves on February 16 the city is home simultaneously to him, Hitler, Trotsky and Tito alongside Berg, Freud and Jung and Ludwig and Paul Wittgenstein. February * February 1 – New York City's Grand Central Terminal, having been rebuilt, reopens as the world's largest railroad station. * February 3 – The 16th Amendment to the United S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1991 Deaths
File:1991 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Boris Yeltsin, 1991 Russian presidential election, elected as Russia's first President of Russia, president, waves the new flag of Russia after the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, orchestrated by Soviet Union, Soviet hardliners; Mount Pinatubo 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo, erupts in the Philippines, making it the List of large historical volcanic eruptions, second-largest Types of volcanic eruptions, volcanic eruption of the 20th century; MTS Oceanos sinks off the coast of South Africa, but the crew notoriously abandons the vessel before the passengers are rescued; Dissolution of the Soviet Union: The Flag of the Soviet Union, Soviet flag is lowered from the Kremlin for the last time and replaced with the flag of the Russian Federation; The United States and soon-to-be dissolved Soviet Union sign the START I Treaty; A tropical cyclone 1991 Bangladesh cyclone, strikes Bangladesh, killing nearly 140,000 people; Lauda Air Flight ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
