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Alexandru Movilă
Alexandru Movilă (1601 – 1620) was Prince of Moldavia from 1615 to 1616. Life The second son of Ieremia Movilă and his wife Erszébet Csomortany de Losoncz, he is taken to the throne by his mother after the death of his elder brother Constantin Movilă. Supported by Poland he succeeded to establish himself as prince of Moldova on November 22, 1615 in the place of Ștefan II Tomșa. His troops were however defeated by the Turks and he was taken prisoner on August 2, 1616 with his younger brother Bogdan. They are sent to Constantinople where they convert to Islam and disappear from history. Their mother who took part in the campaign at the head of the army, is captured at the same time as them. Attributed as a concubine to an Ağa she is locked in a harem, where she dies around 1620. Sources * Alexandru Dimitrie Xenopol ''Histoire des Roumains de la Dacie trajane : Depuis les origines jusqu'à l'union des principautés''. E Leroux Paris (1896) *Nicolae Iorga Nicola ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Rulers Of Moldavia
This is a list of monarchs of Moldavia, from the first mention of the medieval polity east of the Carpathian Mountains, Carpathians and until its disestablishment in 1862, when Unification of Moldavia and Wallachia, it united with Wallachia, the other Danubian Principalities, Danubian Principality, to form the modern-day state of Romania. Notes Dynastic rule is hard to ascribe, given the loose traditional definition of the ruling family (on principle, princes were chosen from any branch, including a previous monarch's bastard sons – being defined as ''os de domn'' – "of Hospodar, domn marrow", or as having ''hereghie'' – "heredity" (from the Latin ''hereditas''); the institutions charged with the Elective monarchy, election, dominated by the boyars, had fluctuating degrees of influence). The system itself was challenged by usurpers, and became obsolete with the Phanariotes, Phanariote epoch, when monarchs were appointed by the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman Ottoman Dynasty, Sultans. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ștefan IX Tomșa
Stefan Tomşa IX (or II), (? – after 1623) of Moldavia was List of rulers of Moldavia, Prince of Moldavia for two reigns, in 1611–1615 and in 1621–1623. His reigns were concurrent with the period of Romanian and Eastern European history known as the Moldavian Magnate Wars, a long conflict in the early modern states of Moldavia, Wallachia, and Transylvania, in which the Moldavian state was alternatively influenced by the Habsburg monarchy, Austrian Habsburgs, the Ottoman Empire, and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. He was placed on the throne of Moldavia in 1611 following the deposition of the preceding Prince, Constantin Movila by the Ottomans, in the same year as Radu Mihnea was placed on the throne of neighboring Wallachia. Biography Records of Stefan Tomsa's life before taking the throne report that he served as a professional soldier and mercenary in many European conflicts, including in the service of Henry IV of France, Henri of Navarre and taking part in a siege ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radu Mihnea
Radu Mihnea (1586 – 13 January 1626) was the voivode (prince) of Wallachia between September 1601 and March 1602, and again between March and May 1611, September 1611 and August 1616, and August 1620 and August 1623. He was also the voivode (prince) of Moldavia from 1616 to 1619 and 1623 to 1626. He was the illegitimate son of Mihnea Turcitul by Voica Bratcul. Modern-style prince & family man Radu Mihnea spent part of his early years in Koper (Capodistria), on Mount Athos and in Greece. His stay in the Serenissima accounts for the pro-Venetian character of his rule and his interest in reforming the institutions of Wallachia and Moldavia. After completing his studies in Istanbul, Radu became prince of Wallachia at a very important time in Romanian history: following the union of the three principalities of Wallachia, Moldavia, and Transylvania under Michael the Brave. Radu would rule no less than four times in Wallachia and twice in Moldavia. He was loved due to his Renai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Movilești
The House of Movileşti, also Movilă or Moghilă (, Cyrillic: Могила), was a family of boyars in the principality of Moldavia, which became related through marriage with the Mușatin family – the traditional House of Moldavian sovereigns. According to legend, the family name is connected to the '' aprod'' Purice, a low-ranking boyar during the time of Prince Stephen the Great (ruled 1457–1504). Purice is said to have gained Stephen's recognition after kneeling down and helping the diminutive prince mount a fresh horse during battle. After emerging victorious, the ruler awarded him large estates, and told him that his family was to be known not by the rather crude ''Purice'' ("flea"), but as ''Movilă'' ("hill"). They rose to political prominence during the latter part of the 16th century. Several of the Movileşti were favourable to an alliance with the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, intermarried with the Potocki family, and took refuge to southern Poland after b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ieremia Movilă
Ieremia Movilă ( ; c. 1555 – 10 July 1606) was a Voivode (Prince) of Moldavia between August 1595 and May 1600, and again between September 1600 and July 10, 1606. At the time, Moldavia was a vassal province of the Polish-Lituania CommonWealth. Rule A boyar of the Movilești family, Ieremia was placed on the throne in Iași by Polish Kanclerz (Chancellor) and hetman Jan Zamoyski after the ousting of Ștefan Răzvan. Zamoyski's intervention had been prompted by Răzvan's acceptance of Imperial tutelage over Moldavia, after having received backing from Transylvanian Prince Sigismund Báthory and Emperor Rudolf II. The potential conflict with the country's Ottoman overlord was defused after the Poles negotiated an agreement with Sinan Pasha, although Moldavia was invaded by the Khan of Crimea and Ottoman vassal Ğazı II Giray. Poland and the Turks signed the Treaty of Cecora after the defeat of Tatar troops in October, with the Porte agreeing to Ieremia's rule. Mold ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elisabeta Movilă
Doamna Elisabeta Movilă (floruit, fl. 1620) was a Princess consort of Moldavia by marriage to Ieremia Movilă. She was regent in Moldavia in 1607–1611 on the behalf of her son Constantin I Movilă and her son Alexandru Movilă in 1615–1616. She was described as proud, ambitious and beautiful. She is known for her support of her spouse against his brother Simion Movilă, and after his death her sons against their rivals, often with Polish military help. The political instability caused by the succession crisis in Moldavia resulted in Ottoman attack in 1616, in which her she and her sons lead an army against the Ottomans, lost the battle and was captured on the battle field and taken to Constantinople. Her sons were forced to convert to Islam, while she was placed in the Ottoman harem. References * George Marcu (coord.), Dicţionarul personalităţilor feminine din România, Editura Meronia, București, 2009. 17th-century women regents 17th-century regents 17th-centur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Istanbul
Istanbul is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, constituting the country's economic, cultural, and historical heart. With Demographics of Istanbul, a population over , it is home to 18% of the Demographics of Turkey, population of Turkey. Istanbul is among the List of European cities by population within city limits, largest cities in Europe and List of cities proper by population, in the world by population. It is a city on two continents; about two-thirds of its population live in Europe and the rest in Asia. Istanbul straddles the Bosphorus—one of the world's busiest waterways—in northwestern Turkey, between the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea. Its area of is coterminous with Istanbul Province. Istanbul's climate is Mediterranean climate, Mediterranean. The city now known as Istanbul developed to become one of the most significant cities in history. Byzantium was founded on the Sarayburnu promontory by Greek colonisation, Greek col ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eastern Orthodox Church
The Eastern Orthodox Church, officially the Orthodox Catholic Church, and also called the Greek Orthodox Church or simply the Orthodox Church, is List of Christian denominations by number of members, one of the three major doctrinal and jurisdictional groups of Christianity, with approximately 230 million baptised members. It operates as a Communion (Christian), communion of autocephalous churches, each governed by its Bishop (Orthodox Church), bishops via local Holy Synod, synods. The church has no central doctrinal or governmental authority analogous to the pope of the Catholic Church. Nevertheless, the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople is recognised by them as ''primus inter pares'' (), a title held by the patriarch of Rome prior to 1054. As one of the oldest surviving religious institutions in the world, the Eastern Orthodox Church has played an especially prominent role in the history and culture of Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeastern Europe. Since 2018, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constantin Movilă
Constantin Movilă (1594 – July 1612) was the Prince of Moldavia from 1607 to 1611. The son of Prince Ieremia Movilă and driven by his mother, the ambitious Erszébet Csomortany de Losoncz, he twice seized the Moldovan throne at the expense of his cousin Mihai Movilă, son of Simion I Movilă in 1607. In 1610 he welcomed Prince Radu X Șerban of Wallachia who was exiled. The following year he was dethroned by Ștefan Tomșa, the second son of the ephemeral prince of Moldova, Ștefan VII Tomșa. As a refugee in Poland, he attempted to regain the throne leading an army assembled by his Polish brothers-in-law. Defeated at the Battle of Cornul lui Sas, he had to pass the Dniester river The Dniester ( ) is a transboundary river in Eastern Europe. It runs first through Ukraine and then through Moldova (from which it more or less separates the breakaway territory of Transnistria), finally discharging into the Black Sea on Uk ... again, but once on the left side of the ba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harem
A harem is a domestic space that is reserved for the women of the house in a Muslim family. A harem may house a man's wife or wives, their pre-pubescent male children, unmarried daughters, female domestic Domestic worker, servants, and other unmarried female relatives. In the past, during the history of slavery in the Muslim world, era of slavery in the Muslim world, harems also housed enslaved Concubinage in Islam, concubines. In former times, some harems were guarded by eunuchs who were allowed inside. The structure of the harem and the extent of monogamy or polygyny have varied depending on the family's personalities, socio-economic status, and local customs. Similar institutions have been common in other Mediterranean Basin, Mediterranean and Middle Eastern civilizations, especially among royal and upper-class families, and the term is sometimes used in other contexts. In traditional Persian residential architecture, the women's quarters were known as (), and in the Indian s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexandru Dimitrie Xenopol
Alexandru Dimitrie Xenopol (; March 23, 1847 – February 27, 1920) was a Romanian historian, philosopher, professor, economist, sociologist, and author. Among his many major accomplishments, he is credited with authoring the first major synthesis of the history of the Romanian people. His daughter Margareta Xenopol became a well-known Romanian composer. Life Xenopol was born in Iași. His father was of Jewish origin and a convert to Eastern Orthodox Christianity, while his mother was of Greek origin. After he graduated from high school, he went on to Vienna in 1870 to study law and then to Berlin, where he studied philosophy. In 1868, he made his debut in ''Convorbiri Literare'' with a series of studies on Romanian traditions and on Romanian institutions. At first, Xenopol served as a prosecutor in Iași, but he later decided to dedicate himself to the study of history. Starting in 1883, he was a professor of universal history at the University of Iași, where he served as r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicolae Iorga
Nicolae Iorga (17 January 1871 – 27 November 1940) was a historian, politician, literary critic, memoirist, Albanologist, poet and playwright. Co-founder (in 1910) of the Democratic Nationalist Party (PND), he served as a member of Parliament, President of the Deputies' Assembly and Senate, cabinet minister and briefly (1931–32) as Prime Minister. A child prodigy, polymath and polyglot, Iorga produced an unusually large body of scholarly works, establishing his international reputation as a medievalist, Byzantinist, Latinist, Slavist, art historian and philosopher of history. Holding teaching positions at the University of Bucharest, the University of Paris and several other academic institutions, Iorga was founder of the International Congress of Byzantine Studies and the Institute of South-East European Studies (ISSEE). His activity also included the transformation of Vălenii de Munte town into a cultural and academic center. In parallel with his academic contributi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
