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Alcântara Accident
The 2003 Alcântara VLS accident was an accident during the Brazilian Space Agency's third attempt to launch the VLS-1 rocket, which was intended to launch two satellites into orbit. The rocket ignited on its launch pad at the Alcântara Launch Center, killing 21 people. It is the List of accidents and disasters by death toll#Space, fourth deadliest space exploration related disaster in history. Background The rocket, proposed in 1979 had until the accident two launch attempts: VLS-1 V01, one in 1997, which ended up in the Atlantic Ocean due to the failure of one of the first stage engines to start and another in 1999, destroyed remotely due to a flame penetrating the top of the second stage block 3 minutes after takeoff. Operation São Luís Besides being the third flight of the VLS-1, the operation had as objectives the launch of the satellites UNOSAT (satellite), UNOSAT and Satélite Tecnológico, SATEC in to orbit; verify the CLA's ability to perform type launches and the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2003 Alcântara VLS Accident
3 (three) is a number, numeral and digit. It is the natural number following 2 and preceding 4, and is the smallest odd prime number and the only prime preceding a square number. It has religious and cultural significance in many societies. Evolution of the Arabic digit The use of three lines to denote the number 3 occurred in many writing systems, including some (like Roman and Chinese numerals) that are still in use. That was also the original representation of 3 in the Brahmic (Indian) numerical notation, its earliest forms aligned vertically. However, during the Gupta Empire the sign was modified by the addition of a curve on each line. The Nāgarī script rotated the lines clockwise, so they appeared horizontally, and ended each line with a short downward stroke on the right. In cursive script, the three strokes were eventually connected to form a glyph resembling a with an additional stroke at the bottom: ३. The Indian digits spread to the Caliphate in the 9th c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
VLS-1 V01
VLS-1 V01 was the first launch of the VLS-1 rocket that took place on November 2, 1997, from the Alcântara Launch Center with the goal of putting the SCD-2A satellite into orbit. The launch was unsuccessful, with the rocket being remotely destroyed due to deviation from its trajectory. Background and goals The VLS-1 rocket was originally proposed in 1979 as part of the . It was originally planned to launch in 1989. However, it was later delayed to 1990, then 1994, 1995, finally becoming ready in 1997 within "Operation Brazil". The mission had the objective of placing in orbit the SCD-2A satellite developed by INPE, and to test the vehicle in flight. The first prototype of the VLS was 80% Brazilian technology. The satellite was planned to be placed into a circular orbit with an altitude of 750 kilometers, and on February 20, the payload fairing separation test had already been successfully carried out. On July 1, 1997, the equipment was sent to the Alcântara base and both th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Space Program Of Brazil
Space is a three-dimensional continuum containing positions and directions. In classical physics, physical space is often conceived in three linear dimensions. Modern physicists usually consider it, with time, to be part of a boundless four-dimensional continuum known as ''spacetime''. The concept of space is considered to be of fundamental importance to an understanding of the physical universe. However, disagreement continues between philosophers over whether it is itself an entity, a relationship between entities, or part of a conceptual framework. In the 19th and 20th centuries mathematicians began to examine geometries that are non-Euclidean, in which space is conceived as '' curved'', rather than '' flat'', as in the Euclidean space. According to Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity, space around gravitational fields deviates from Euclidean space. Experimental tests of general relativity have confirmed that non-Euclidean geometries provide a better model for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2003 In Brazil
3 (three) is a number, numeral and digit. It is the natural number following 2 and preceding 4, and is the smallest odd prime number and the only prime preceding a square number. It has religious and cultural significance in many societies. Evolution of the Arabic digit The use of three lines to denote the number 3 occurred in many writing systems, including some (like Roman and Chinese numerals) that are still in use. That was also the original representation of 3 in the Brahmic (Indian) numerical notation, its earliest forms aligned vertically. However, during the Gupta Empire the sign was modified by the addition of a curve on each line. The Nāgarī script rotated the lines clockwise, so they appeared horizontally, and ended each line with a short downward stroke on the right. In cursive script, the three strokes were eventually connected to form a glyph resembling a with an additional stroke at the bottom: ३. The Indian digits spread to the Caliphate in the 9th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2003 In Spaceflight
This article outlines notable events occurring in 2003 in spaceflight, including major launches and EVAs. Space Shuttle Columbia disaster First human spaceflight mission from China Orbital launches , colspan=8, January , - , colspan=8, February , - , colspan=8, March , - , colspan=8, April , - , colspan=8, May , - , colspan=8, June , - , colspan=8, July , - , colspan=8, August , - , colspan=8, September , - , colspan=8, October , - , colspan=8, November , - , colspan=8, December , - Suborbital launches , colspan=8, January , - , colspan=8, March , - , colspan=8, April , - , - , colspan=8, December , - Deep Space Rendezvous EVAs Orbital launch statistics By country For the purposes of this section, the yearly tally of orbital launches by country assigns each flight to the country of origin of the rocket, not to the launch services provider or the space ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Spaceflight-related Accidents And Incidents
This article lists verifiable spaceflight-related accidents and incidents resulting in human death or serious injury. These include incidents during flight or training for crewed space missions and testing, assembly, preparation, or flight of crewed and robotic spacecraft. Not included are accidents or incidents associated with intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) tests, death or injury to test animals, uncrewed space flights, rocket-powered aircraft projects of World War II, or conspiracy theories about alleged unreported Soviet space accidents. , 19 people have died during spaceflights that crossed, or were intended to cross, the boundary of space as defined by the United States (50 miles above sea level). Astronauts have also died while training for space missions, such as the Apollo 1 launch pad fire that killed an entire crew of three. There have also been some non-astronaut deaths during spaceflight-related activities. As of 2025, more than 188 people have died in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
VLM (rocket)
The VLM (''Veículo Lançador de Microsatélites'') is a proposed three-stage satellite launcher being developed by the Brazilian General Command for Aerospace Technology in collaboration with Germany. The project originated in 2008 as a simplified version of the VLS-1 rocket, using only the core stages. The first launch is currently planned for no earlier than October 2028 A version based on the S-50 rocket motor is being developed, with the objective of launching satellites of up to 150 kg into equatorial circular orbits at 300 km altitude. VLM-1 description The VLM-1 vehicle is designed to deliver up to to a 300 km equatorial circular orbit. VLM-1 is projected to have a total mass of , including 10 tons of propellant. The first two stages will use the S-50 solid fuel engine, with the third using the same S-44 engine as in the VS-40 sounding rocket. * Stage 1: S-50 rocket motor * Stage 2: S-50 rocket motor * Stage 3: S-44 rocket motor Launches will be from the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Satélite Tecnológico
The Satélite Tecnológico ("Technologic Satellite" in English) or SATEC, was a microsatellite of scientific applications, designed, developed, built and tested by Brazilian technicians, engineers and scientists working at INPE (National Institute for Space Research). Features The primary objective of SATEC was to test the technological equipment embedded in the VLS-1, providing more information for future applications. The SATEC scientific satellite had the following characteristics: * Format: parallelepiped with 61 cm x 66 cm x 66 cm * Mass: * Orbit: Heliosynchronous * Stabilization: By rotation at 120 rpm * Precision: 1 degree * Altitude: 750 kilometers Payload The instrumentation shipped in SATEC was as follows: * Solar generator: Silicon cells generating 20 W * Battery: Type NiCd – 5 Ah * PCU: with linear series technology * GPS receiver: adapted to the conditions of flight * Transmitter: S-band with BPSK modulation Mission SATEC, which had an e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
UNOSAT (satellite)
UNOSAT was a Brazilian scientific applications nanosatellite, designed, developed, built and tested by researchers and students working at the Northern Paraná University. Features The primary objective of UNOSAT was to transmit voice messages and a telemetry data packet in AX25 protocol. The UNOSAT scientific satellite had the following characteristics: Inovação Tecnológica. 30 April 2003. Retrieved 03 April 2017. General * Format: parallelepiped with 46 cm x 25 cm x 8.5 cm * Mass: * Orbit: heliosynchronous * Stabilization: by rotation at 120 rpm * Precision: 1 degree * Altitude:Payload The instrumentation shipped in UNOSAT ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Accidents And Disasters By Death Toll
This is a list of accidents and disasters by death toll. It shows the number of fatalities associated with various explosions, structural fires, flood disasters, coal mine disasters, and other notable accidents caused by negligence connected to improper architecture, planning, construction, design, and more. Purposeful disasters, such as military or terrorist attacks, are omitted. While all of the listed accidents caused immediately massive numbers of lives lost, further widespread deaths were connected to many of these incidents, often the result of prolonged or lingering effects of the initial catastrophe. This was the case particularly in such cases as exposure to contaminated air, toxic chemicals or radiation, some years later due to lung damage, cancer, etc. Some numbers in the table below reflect both immediate and delayed deaths related to accidents, while many do not. Engineering Explosions Industrial Nuclear and radiation Structural collapses S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
