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Alaudala Heinei - Heinestummellerche 202746307
''Alaudala'' is a genus of lark in the family Alaudidae. The genus name is a diminutive of ''Alauda''. Taxonomy and systematics A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2020 compared the nuclear and mitochondrial DNA from the sand, Asian short-toed, and lesser short-toed larks. The study analysed samples from 130 individuals that represented 16 of the 18 recognised subspecies. The resulting phylogenetic tree indicated that neither the Asian short-toed lark, nor the lesser short-toed lark as currently defined are monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gro .... Most of the subspecies were also found to be non-monophyletic. The authors refrained from proposing a revised taxonomy until additional studies had been completed comparing the vocalizations, sexual behavio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mediterranean Short-toed Lark
The Mediterranean short-toed lark (''Alaudala rufescens'') is a small passerine bird found in and around the Mediterranean Basin. It is a common bird with a very wide range from Canary Islands north to the Iberian Peninsula and east throughout North Africa to parts of the Middle East. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated its conservation status as being of "least concern". Its range was also previously thought to include parts of Central Asia, and with the Mediterranean and Central Asian clades combined the species was referred to as the lesser short-toed lark. However, a 2020 study split these two populations into distinct species, with ''A. rufescens'' being the Mediterranean clade and '' A. heinei'' being the Central Asian clade. Confusingly, Hume's short-toed lark is also sometimes called the lesser short-toed lark. Taxonomy and systematics The Mediterranean short-toed lark was originally described as belonging to the genus ''Alauda''. The genus name ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asian Short-toed Lark
The Asian short-toed lark (''Alaudala cheleensis'') is a lark in the family Alaudidae. The species was first described by Robert Swinhoe in 1871. It is found from south-central to eastern Asia. Taxonomy and systematics Formerly or presently, some authorities have considered the Asian short-toed lark to belong to the genus ''Calandrella'' or to be a subspecies of the lesser short-toed lark. Alternate names for the Asian short-toed lark include the Asiatic short-toed lark, eastern short-toed lark (a name also used by the steppe greater short-toed lark), grey short-toed lark, Mongolian short-toed lark (not to be confused with the species of the same name, Calandrella dukhunensis), salined lark and salt-marsh lark. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2020 compared the nuclear and mitochondrial DNA from the sand, Asian short-toed, and Mediterranean short-toed larks. The study analysed samples from 130 individuals that represented 16 of the 18 recognised subspecies. The re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sand Lark
The sand lark (''Alaudala raytal'') is a small passerine bird in the lark family, Alaudidae, found in southern Asia. It is somewhat similar to, but smaller than the short-toed larks. Taxonomy and systematics The sand lark was originally assigned to the genus '' Alauda''. It was later placed in the genus ''Calandrella'' until it was moved back to ''Alaudala'' in 2014 although not all authorities have recognized this change yet. The alternate name Asian short-toed lark is usually used to refer to the species of the same name, '' Alaudala cheleensis''. Other alternate names include Ganges sand lark, Indian sand lark and Indian short-toed lark. Subspecies Three subspecies are recognized: * Indus sand lark (''A. r. adamsi'') - ( Hume, 1871): Found in southeastern Iran, Pakistan, eastern Afghanistan and northwestern India * ''A. r. raytal'' - ( Blyth, 1845): Found from north-central India to southern Myanmar * ''A. r. krishnakumarsinhji'' - ( Vaurie & Dharmakumarsinhji, 1954): F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sand Lark 1
Sand is a granular material composed of finely divided mineral particles. Sand has various compositions but is defined by its grain size. Sand grains are smaller than gravel and coarser than silt. Sand can also refer to a textural class of soil or soil type; i.e., a soil containing more than 85 percent sand-sized particles by mass. The composition of sand varies, depending on the local rock sources and conditions, but the most common constituent of sand in inland continental settings and non- tropical coastal settings is silica (silicon dioxide, or SiO2), usually in the form of quartz. Calcium carbonate is the second most common type of sand, for example, aragonite, which has mostly been created, over the past 500million years, by various forms of life, like coral and shellfish. For example, it is the primary form of sand apparent in areas where reefs have dominated the ecosystem for millions of years like the Caribbean. Somewhat more rarely, sand may be composed o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkestan Short-toed Lark
The Turkestan short-toed lark (''Alaudala heinei'') is a species of lark in the family Alaudidae. It is found in Ukraine and central Turkey through parts of Central Asia and southern Siberia west to south-central Mongolia and south to southern Afghanistan. This species and the Mediterranean short-toed lark (''A. rufescens'') were formerly considered conspecific and called the lesser short-toed lark The lesser short-toed lark has been split into two species: * Mediterranean short-toed lark, ''Alaudala rufescens'' * Turkestan short-toed lark The Turkestan short-toed lark (''Alaudala heinei'') is a species of lark in the family Alaudidae. It ..., but a 2020 study recovered them as distinct species. Subspecies Four subspecies are recognized: * ''A. h. pseudobaetica'' - ( Stegmann, 1932): Found in eastern Turkey, Transcaucasia and northern Iran * ''A. h. heinei'' - ( Homeyer, 1873): Found from Ukraine to eastern Kazakhstan * ''A. h. aharonii'' - (Hartert, 1910): Found ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alaudala Heinei - Heinestummellerche 202746307
''Alaudala'' is a genus of lark in the family Alaudidae. The genus name is a diminutive of ''Alauda''. Taxonomy and systematics A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2020 compared the nuclear and mitochondrial DNA from the sand, Asian short-toed, and lesser short-toed larks. The study analysed samples from 130 individuals that represented 16 of the 18 recognised subspecies. The resulting phylogenetic tree indicated that neither the Asian short-toed lark, nor the lesser short-toed lark as currently defined are monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gro .... Most of the subspecies were also found to be non-monophyletic. The authors refrained from proposing a revised taxonomy until additional studies had been completed comparing the vocalizations, sexual behavio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Somali Short-toed Lark
The Somali short-toed lark (''Alaudala somalica'') is a small passerine bird of the lark family found in eastern and north-eastern Africa. The habitat of the Somali short-toed lark is subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland. Taxonomy and systematics The Somali short-toed lark was originally placed in the genus ''Calandrella'' until moved to ''Alaudala'' in 2014. Formerly or presently, some authorities considered the Somali short-toed lark as a subspecies of the Mediterranean short-toed lark and/or the Athi short-toed lark as a subspecies of the Somali short-toed lark. The alternate name rufous short-toed lark is also used to describe the red-capped lark. Subspecies Three subspecies are recognized: * ''A. s. perconfusa'' - ( White, CMN, 1960): Found in north-western Somalia * ''A. s. somalica'' - Sharpe, 1895: Found in eastern Ethiopia and northern Somalia * ''A. s. megaensis'' - (Benson, 1946): Found from southern Ethiopia to central Kenya References Somali sho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alaudula Somalica
The Somali short-toed lark (''Alaudala somalica'') is a small passerine bird of the lark family found in eastern and north-eastern Africa. The habitat of the Somali short-toed lark is subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland. Taxonomy and systematics The Somali short-toed lark was originally placed in the genus ''Calandrella'' until moved to ''Alaudala'' in 2014. Formerly or presently, some authorities considered the Somali short-toed lark as a subspecies of the Mediterranean short-toed lark and/or the Athi short-toed lark as a subspecies of the Somali short-toed lark. The alternate name rufous short-toed lark is also used to describe the red-capped lark. Subspecies Three subspecies are recognized: * ''A. s. perconfusa'' - ( White, CMN, 1960): Found in north-western Somalia * ''A. s. somalica'' - Sharpe, 1895: Found in eastern Ethiopia and northern Somalia * ''A. s. megaensis'' - (Benson, 1946): Found from southern Ethiopia to central Kenya References Somali sho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calandrella Cheleensis
The Asian short-toed lark (''Alaudala cheleensis'') is a lark in the family Alaudidae. The species was first described by Robert Swinhoe in 1871. It is found from south-central to eastern Asia. Taxonomy and systematics Formerly or presently, some authorities have considered the Asian short-toed lark to belong to the genus ''Calandrella'' or to be a subspecies of the lesser short-toed lark. Alternate names for the Asian short-toed lark include the Asiatic short-toed lark, eastern short-toed lark (a name also used by the steppe greater short-toed lark), grey short-toed lark, Mongolian short-toed lark (not to be confused with the species of the same name, Calandrella dukhunensis), salined lark and salt-marsh lark. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2020 compared the nuclear and mitochondrial DNA from the sand, Asian short-toed, and Mediterranean short-toed larks. The study analysed samples from 130 individuals that represented 16 of the 18 recognised subspecies. The re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thomas Horsfield
Thomas Horsfield (May 12, 1773 – July 24, 1859) was an American physician and natural history, naturalist who worked extensively in Indonesia, describing numerous species of plants and animals from the region. He was later a curator of the East India Company Museum in London. Early life Horsfield was born in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, and studied medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. He was the grandson of Timothy Horsfield, Sr. (1708-1773), who was born in Liverpool and emigrated to New York in 1725. In New York, his brother Isaac and he ran a butcher shop. The Horsfield family converted from the Church of England to Moravianism, a Protestant denomination with a strong emphasis on education. In 1748, Horsfield, Sr. applied for permission to reside in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. He, however, moved only his family to Bethlehem and joined them the next year. When Northampton County was created in 1752, he was made a justice of peace by Governor Hamilton. In 1763 he was commissio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Athi Short-toed Lark
The Athi short-toed lark (''Alaudala athensis'') is a species of lark in the family Alaudidae. It is found in southern Kenya and northern Tanzania. Taxonomy and systematics The Athi short-toed lark was originally described as belonging to the genus ''Spizocorys'' and was then classified as belonging to the genus ''Calandrella'' until moved to ''Alaudala'' in 2014. Formerly or presently, some authorities consider the Athi short-toed lark as a subspecies of the Somali short-toed lark or of the Mediterranean short-toed lark. Alternate names for the Athi short-toed lark include the Athi lark and Kenya short-toed lark (a name also used by the Damara pink-billed lark). References Athi short-toed lark Birds of East Africa Athi short-toed lark The Athi short-toed lark (''Alaudala athensis'') is a species of lark in the family Alaudidae. It is found in southern Kenya and northern Tanzania. Taxonomy and systematics The Athi short-toed lark was originally described as belonging ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
