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Al-Layth Ibn Al-Fadl
Al-Layth ibn al-Fadl al-Abiwardi ( ar, الليث بن الفضل الأبيوردي) was a provincial governor for the Abbasid Caliphate, serving in Egypt (798–803) and Sistan (815–819). Governorship of Egypt Described as a ''mawla'' by the sources, al-Layth was appointed governor of Egypt in 798 by the caliph Harun al-Rashid (), with authority over both prayers and security (''salah'') and taxation (''kharaj''). During his five-year administration, he reportedly maintained good relations with the local Christians, but he was also known as a strict enforcer of tax collection. On two occasions, in 799 and 801, he left the province to deliver tax revenues and gifts to the caliph in person, leaving deputies in charge in his absence. In 802 al-Layth was faced with a protest by the people of the Hawf district, who complained that the government surveyors were measuring cultivatable land using instruments calibrated at less than the standard length of the ''qasabah'', resul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Rulers Of Islamic Egypt
Governors of Egypt in the Middle Ages, Arab Egypt (640–1250) and Mamluk Egypt (1250–1517). For other periods, see the Lists of rulers of Egypt, list of rulers of Egypt. Rashidun Caliphate (640–658) Umayyad Caliphate (659–750) Dates taken from John Stewart's ''African States and Rulers'' (2005). Abbasid Caliphate (750–969) Governors during the first Abbasid period (750–868) Dates taken from John Stewart's ''African States and Rulers'' (2005). Autonomous emirs of the Tulunid dynasty (868–905) Dates taken from John Stewart's ''African States and Rulers'' (2005). Governors during the second Abbasid period (905–935) Dates taken from John Stewart's ''African States and Rulers'' (2005). Autonomous emirs of the Ikhshidid dynasty (935–969) Dates taken from John Stewart's ''African States and Rulers'' (2005). Fatimid Dynasty (969–1171) Dates for Caliphs taken from John Stewart's ''African States and Rulers'' (2005). Ayyubid Sultanate (1171–1252) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Governors Of Islamic Egypt
Governors of Arab Egypt (640–1250) and Mamluk Egypt (1250–1517). For other periods, see the list of rulers of Egypt. Rashidun Caliphate (640–658) Umayyad Caliphate (659–750) Dates taken from John Stewart's ''African States and Rulers'' (2005). Abbasid Caliphate (750–969) Governors during the first Abbasid period (750–868) Dates taken from John Stewart's ''African States and Rulers'' (2005). Autonomous emirs of the Tulunid dynasty (868–905) Dates taken from John Stewart's ''African States and Rulers'' (2005). Governors during the second Abbasid period (905–935) Dates taken from John Stewart's ''African States and Rulers'' (2005). Autonomous emirs of the Ikhshidid dynasty (935–969) Dates taken from John Stewart's ''African States and Rulers'' (2005). Fatimid Dynasty (969–1171) Dates for Caliphs taken from John Stewart's ''African States and Rulers'' (2005). Ayyubid Sultanate (1171–1252) Dates taken from John Stewart's ''African States an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ghassan Ibn Abbad
The Ghassanids ( ar, الغساسنة, translit=al-Ġasāsina, also Banu Ghassān (, romanized as: ), also called the Jafnids, were an Arab tribe which founded a kingdom. They emigrated from southern Arabia in the early 3rd century to the Levant region. Some merged with Hellenized Christian communities, converting to Christianity in the first few centuries AD, while others may have already been Christians before emigrating north to escape religious persecution. After settling in the Levant, the Ghassanids became a client state to the Byzantine Empire and fought alongside them against the Persian Sassanids and their Arab vassals, the Lakhmids. The lands of the Ghassanids also acted as a buffer zone protecting lands that had been annexed by the Romans against raids by Bedouin tribes. Few Ghassanids became Muslim following the Muslim conquest of the Levant; most Ghassanids remained Christian and joined Melkite and Syriac communities within what is now Jordan, Israel, Palestine, Sy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greater Khorasan
Greater Khorāsān,Dabeersiaghi, Commentary on Safarnâma-e Nâsir Khusraw, 6th Ed. Tehran, Zavvâr: 1375 (Solar Hijri Calendar) 235–236 or Khorāsān ( pal, Xwarāsān; fa, خراسان ), is a historical eastern region in the Iranian Plateau between Western and Central Asia. The name ''Khorāsān'' is Persian and means "where the sun arrives from" or "the Eastern Province".Sykes, M. (1914). "Khorasan: The Eastern Province of Persia". ''Journal of the Royal Society of Arts'', 62(3196), 279-286.A compound of ''khwar'' (meaning "sun") and ''āsān'' (from ''āyān'', literally meaning "to come" or "coming" or "about to come"). Thus the name ''Khorasan'' (or ''Khorāyān'' ) means "sunrise", viz. " Orient, East"Humbach, Helmut, and Djelani Davari, "Nāmé Xorāsān", Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Persian translation by Djelani Davari, published in Iranian Languages Studies Website. MacKenzie, D. (1971). ''A Concise Pahlavi Dictionary'' (p. 95). London: Oxford University ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ayyār
Ayyār, ( ar, عيار, ʿayyār, pl. ''ʿayyārūn''; fa, عیار, Ayyâr, pl. ''Ayyârân'') refers to a person associated with a class of warriors in Iraq and Iran from the 9th to the 12th centuries. The word literally means vagabond. Ayyars were associated with futuwwa, or medieval Islamic organizations located in cities. Emergence 'Ayyarun are believed to predate Islam, since they are said to have distinct Iranian customs, and they were active in regions corresponding to the territories of the Sasanian Empire. However, most of the writing about them centers on their activities in Baghdad from the 10th to the 12th centuries. Baghdad was ruled by the Buyids (945–1055) back then, and was a very lawless city, caused by fighting between Sunnis Sunni Islam () is the largest Islamic schools and branches, branch of Islam, followed by 85–90% of the world's Muslims. Its name comes from the word ''Sunnah'', referring to the tradition of Muhammad. The differences betwe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hamzah Ibn Adharak
Hamza ( ar, همزة ') () is a letter in the Arabic alphabet, representing the glottal stop . Hamza is not one of the 28 "full" letters and owes its existence to historical inconsistencies in the standard writing system. It is derived from the Arabic letter '' ʿAyn'' (). In the Phoenician and Aramaic alphabets, from which the Arabic alphabet is descended, the glottal stop was expressed by ''alif'' (), continued by ''Alif'' ( ) in the Arabic alphabet. However, Alif was used to express both a glottal stop and also a long vowel . In order to indicate that a glottal stop is used, and not a mere vowel, it was added to Alif diacritically. In modern orthography, hamza may also appear on the line, under certain circumstances as though it were a full letter, independent of an Alif. Etymology ''Hamza'' is derived from the verb ' () meaning 'to prick, goad, drive' or 'to provide (a letter or word) with hamzah'. Hamzat al-waṣl ( ٱ ) The letter hamza () on its ow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khawarij
The Kharijites (, singular ), also called al-Shurat (), were an Islamic sect which emerged during the First Fitna (656–661). The first Kharijites were supporters of Ali who rebelled against his acceptance of arbitration talks to settle the conflict with his challenger, Mu'awiya, at the Battle of Siffin in 657. They asserted that "judgment belongs to God alone", which became their motto, and that rebels such as Mu'awiya had to be fought and overcome according to Qur'anic injunctions. Ali defeated the Kharijites at the Battle of Nahrawan in 658, but their insurrection continued. Ali was assassinated in 661 by a Kharijite seeking revenge for the defeat at Nahrawan. After Mu'awiya's establishment of the Umayyad Caliphate in 661, his governors kept the Kharijites in check. The power vacuum caused by the Second Fitna (680–692) allowed for the resumption of the Kharijites' anti-government rebellion and the Kharijite factions of the Azariqa and Najdat came to control large areas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zaranj
Zaranj or Zarang (Persian/Pashto/ bal, زرنج) is a city in southwestern Afghanistan, near the border with Iran, which has a population of 160,902 people as of 2015. It is the capital of Nimruz Province and is linked by highways with Lashkargah and Kandahar to the east, Farah to the north and the Iranian city of Zabol to the west. Zaranj is a major border crossing between Afghanistan and Iran, which is of significant importance to the trade-route between Central Asia and South Asia with the Middle East. The history of Zaranj dates back over 2500 years and Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar, founder of the Saffarid dynasty, was born in this old civilization. History Modern Zaranj bears the name of an ancient city whose name is also attested in Old Persian as ''Zranka''. In Greek, this word became Drangiana. Other historical names for Zaranj include Zirra, Zarangia, Zarani etc. Ultimately, the word Zaranj is derived from the ancient Old Persian word ''zaranka'' ("waterland"). Acha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harb Ibn Ubaydah , a division of the world in Islam
{{disambiguation ...
Harb may refer to * Harb (surname) * Harb tribe in the Arabian peninsula *Talaat Harb Street in Cairo, Egypt *Fox Harb'r Golf Resort & Spa, a golf-focused resort in Nova Scotia, Canada *''Beyond the Dar Al-Harb'', a collection of three fantasy and science fiction stories by Gordon R. Dickson See also * Dar al-Harb In classical Islamic law, the major divisions are ''dar al-Islam'' (lit. territory of Islam/voluntary submission to God), denoting regions where Islamic law prevails, ''dar al-sulh'' (lit. territory of treaty) denoting non-Islamic lands which have ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fustat
Fusṭāṭ ( ar, الفُسطاط ''al-Fusṭāṭ''), also Al-Fusṭāṭ and Fosṭāṭ, was the first capital of Egypt under Muslim rule, and the historical centre of modern Cairo. It was built adjacent to what is now known as Old Cairo by the Rashidun Muslim general 'Amr ibn al-'As immediately after the Muslim conquest of Egypt in AD 641, and featured the Mosque of Amr, the first mosque built in Egypt. The city reached its peak in the 12th century, with a population of approximately 200,000.Williams, p. 37 It was the centre of administrative power in Egypt, until it was ordered burnt in 1168 by its own vizier, Shawar, to keep its wealth out of the hands of the invading Crusaders. The remains of the city were eventually absorbed by nearby Cairo, which had been built to the north of Fustat in 969 when the Fatimids conquered the region and created a new city as a royal enclosure for the Caliph. The area fell into disrepair for hundreds of years and was used as a rubbish dump ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancient Arabic Units Of Measurement
The Ancient Arabic unit of measurements were a system of using units to associate with physical quantities. Arabic symbols are used to represent the values. The measurements were based on body measurements and common natural items. The length of forearm, shin and the standard size of a typical village were among the most accepted length units. About surface, usually Jerib or Djerib was the most usual unit which is mostly similar to acre or hectare. Another unit known as Sa was mostly used to measure volume which is approximately equal to 3 liters. Although having similar names, the size of units may defer depending on region. Length See also * Uqiyyah, the Arabic ounce or half-pound, depending on region. * Qafiz, an Arabic unit for measuring volumes. * Sāʿ, an ancient unit of volume, equal to 2 to 4 liters, depending on region. * The Arabic mile The Arab, Arabic, or Arabian mile ( ar, الميل, ''al-mīl'') was a historical Arabic unit of length. Its precise length is di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
