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Al-Ashraf Musa, Sultan Of Egypt
Al-Ashraf Muzaffar ad-Din Musa ( ar, الأشرف مظفر الدين موسى) was the last, albeit titular, Ayyubid Sultan of Egypt as the puppet of Izz ad-Din Aybak. Origins The family origins of Al-Ashraf Musa are not entirely clear. According to Lane-Poole, Al-Ashraf Musa was a descendant of Saladin and the great grandson of Az-Zahir Ghazi, Amir of Aleppo, who had struggled against Al-Adil for supremacy in the Ayyubid domains. His grandfather, the son of Az-Zahir, was al-Aziz Mohammad, also Amir of Aleppo, while his father, son of al-Aziz, was An-Nasir Yusuf, Amir of Aleppo, and later Damascus. However, if this were the case he would have been titular head of a government in Egypt which was fighting his own father. According to other sources he was the son of Yusuf, and grandson of al-Mas'ud Yusuf. Al-Mas'ud Yusuf, the son of Sultan Al-Kamil of Egypt, was the last Ayyubid ruler of Yemen. After the Ayyubids were expelled from Yemen his family moved to Cairo. Accession ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sultan Of Egypt
Sultan of Egypt was the status held by the rulers of Egypt after the establishment of the Ayyubid dynasty of Saladin in 1174 until the Ottoman conquest of Egypt in 1517. Though the extent of the Egyptian Sultanate ebbed and flowed, it generally included Levant, Sham and Hejaz, with the consequence that the Ayyubid and later Mamluk sultans were also regarded as the Sultans of Syria. From 1914, the title was once again used by the heads of the Muhammad Ali dynasty of Egypt and Sudan, later being replaced by the title of King of Egypt, King of Egypt and Sudan in 1922. Ayyubid dynasty Prior to the rise of Saladin, Egypt was the center of the Shia Fatimid Caliphate, the only period in Islamic history when a caliphate was ruled by members of the Shia branch of Islam. The Fatimids had long sought to completely supplant the Sunni Abbasid Caliphate based in Iraq, and like their Abbasid rivals they also took the title Caliph, representing their claim to the highest status within the Islami ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mamluk
Mamluk ( ar, مملوك, mamlūk (singular), , ''mamālīk'' (plural), translated as "one who is owned", meaning " slave", also transliterated as ''Mameluke'', ''mamluq'', ''mamluke'', ''mameluk'', ''mameluke'', ''mamaluke'', or ''marmeluke'') is a term most commonly referring to non-Arab, ethnically diverse (mostly Southern Russian, Turkic, Caucasian, Eastern and Southeastern European) slave-soldiers and freed slaves who were assigned military and administrative duties, serving the ruling Arab dynasties in the Muslim world. The most enduring Mamluk realm was the knightly military class in Egypt in the Middle Ages, which developed from the ranks of slave-soldiers. Originally the Mamluks were slaves of Turkic origin from the Eurasian Steppe, but the institution of military slavery spread to include Circassians, Abkhazians, Georgians,"Relations of the Georgian Mamluks of Egypt with Their Homeland in the Last Decades of the Eighteenth Century". Daniel Crecelius and Gotcha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Medieval Child Rulers
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and transitioned into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: classical antiquity, the medieval period, and the modern period. The medieval period is itself subdivided into the Early, High, and Late Middle Ages. Population decline, counterurbanisation, the collapse of centralized authority, invasions, and mass migrations of tribes, which had begun in late antiquity, continued into the Early Middle Ages. The large-scale movements of the Migration Period, including various Germanic peoples, formed new kingdoms in what remained of the Western Roman Empire. In the 7th century, North Africa and the Middle East—most recently part of the Eastern Roma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ayyubid Sultans Of Egypt
The Ayyubid dynasty ( ar, الأيوبيون '; ) was the founding dynasty of the medieval Sultanate of Egypt established by Saladin in 1171, following his abolition of the Fatimid Caliphate of Egypt. A Sunni Muslim of Kurdish origin, Saladin had originally served Nur ad-Din of Syria, leading Nur ad-Din's army in battle against the Crusaders in Fatimid Egypt, where he was made Vizier. Following Nur ad-Din's death, Saladin was proclaimed as the first Sultan of Egypt, and rapidly expanded the new sultanate beyond the frontiers of Egypt to encompass most of the Levant (including the former territories of Nur ad-Din), in addition to Hijaz, Yemen, northern Nubia, Tarabulus, Cyrenaica, southern Anatolia, and northern Iraq, the homeland of his Kurdish family. By virtue of his sultanate including Hijaz, the location of the Islamic holy cities of Mecca and Medina, he was the first ruler to be hailed as the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, a title that would be held by all subsequent S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
13th-century Ayyubid Sultans Of Egypt
The 13th century was the century which lasted from January 1, 1201 ( MCCI) through December 31, 1300 ( MCCC) in accordance with the Julian calendar. The Mongol Empire was founded by Genghis Khan, which stretched from Eastern Asia to Eastern Europe. The conquests of Hulagu Khan and other Mongol invasions changed the course of the Muslim world, most notably the Siege of Baghdad (1258), the destruction of the House of Wisdom and the weakening of the Mamluks and Rums which, according to historians, caused the decline of the Islamic Golden Age. Other Muslim powers such as the Mali Empire and Delhi Sultanate conquered large parts of West Africa and the Indian subcontinent, while Buddhism witnessed a decline through the conquest led by Bakhtiyar Khilji. The Southern Song dynasty would begin the century as a prosperous kingdom but would eventually be invaded and annexed into the Yuan dynasty of the Mongols. The Kamakura Shogunate of Japan would be invaded by the Mongols. Goryeo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sunni Muslims
Sunni Islam () is the largest branch of Islam, followed by 85–90% of the world's Muslims. Its name comes from the word '' Sunnah'', referring to the tradition of Muhammad. The differences between Sunni and Shia Muslims arose from a disagreement over the succession to Muhammad and subsequently acquired broader political significance, as well as theological and juridical dimensions. According to Sunni traditions, Muhammad left no successor and the participants of the Saqifah event appointed Abu Bakr as the next-in-line (the first caliph). This contrasts with the Shia view, which holds that Muhammad appointed his son-in-law and cousin Ali ibn Abi Talib as his successor. The adherents of Sunni Islam are referred to in Arabic as ("the people of the Sunnah and the community") or for short. In English, its doctrines and practices are sometimes called ''Sunnism'', while adherents are known as Sunni Muslims, Sunnis, Sunnites and Ahlus Sunnah. Sunni Islam is sometimes referre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Date Of Birth Unknown
Date or dates may refer to: *Date (fruit), the fruit of the date palm (''Phoenix dactylifera'') Social activity *Dating, a form of courtship involving social activity, with the aim of assessing a potential partner **Group dating *Play date, an appointment for children to get together for a few hours * Meeting, when two or more people come together Chronology * Calendar date, a day on a calendar ** Old Style and New Style dates, from before and after the change from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar ** ISO 8601, an international standard covering date formats *Date (metadata), a representation term to specify a calendar date **DATE command, a system time command for displaying the current date *Chronological dating, attributing to an object or event a date in the past **Radiometric dating, dating materials such as rocks in which trace radioactive impurities were incorporated when they were formed Arts, entertainment and media Music *Date (band), a Swedish dans ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Rulers Of Egypt
Lists of rulers of Egypt: * List of pharaohs (c. 3100 BC – 30 BC) ** List of Satraps of the 27th Dynasty (525–404 BC) ** List of Satraps of the 31st Dynasty (343–332 BC) * List of governors of Roman Egypt (30 BC – 639 AD) * List of rulers of Islamic Egypt (640–1517) ** List of Rashidun emirs (640–658) ** List of Umayyad wali (659–750) ** List of Abbasid governors, First Period (750–868) ** List of Tulunid emirs (868–905) ** List of Abbasid governors, Second Period (905–935) ** List of Ikhshidid emirs (935–969) **List of Fatimid caliphs (969–1171) ** List of Ayyubid rulers (1171–1250) **List of Mamluk sultans (1250–1517) * List of Ottoman governors of Egypt (1517–1805) ** List of French governors of Egypt (1798–1801) * List of monarchs of the Muhammad Ali dynasty (1805–1953) ** List of British colonial heads of Egypt (1798–1936) ** List of Grand Viziers of Egypt (1857–1878) * List of presidents of Egypt (1953–present) ** List of prime m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Ashraf (other)
__NOTOC__ Al-Ashraf, either from ( ar, الأشرف, 'the most noble') or (, 'the nobles'), may refer to: People * Al-Ashraf Al-Barsbay, Burji Mamluk sultan of Egypt (1422–1438) * Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghuri, Mamluk Sultan (1501–1516) * Al-Ashraf Janbalat, Sultan of Egypt (1500–1501) * Al-Ashraf Khalil, Mamluk Sultan (1290–1293) * Al-Ashraf Kujuk, Mamluk Sultan (1341–1342) * Al-Ashraf Musa, Emir of Homs (1246–1263) * Al-Ashraf Musa, Sultan of Egypt (1250–1254) * Al-Ashraf Musa, Emir of Damascus and Ba'albek (1229–1237) * Al-Ashraf Sha'ban, Mamluk Sultan (1363–1377) * Al-Ashraf Tuman bay, last Sultan of Egypt (1516–1517) * Al-Ashraf Umar II (1242–1296), Rasulid sultan, mathematician and astronomer Places * Al Ashraf, Makkah, village in Makkah Region of Saudi Arabia * Al Ashraf, 'Asir, village in 'Asir Region of Saudi Arabia * Al-Ashraf (Taiz), district in Yemen Mosques * Al-Ashraf Mosque in Cairo, built by Al-Ashraf Al-Barsbay Title * Ashrāf or al-Ashrāf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Faris Ad-Din Aktai
Faris al-Din Aktay al-Jamdar ( ar, فارس الدين أقطاى الجمدار) (d. 1254, Cairo) was a Turkic- Kipchak Emir (prince) and the leader of the Mamluks of the Bahri dynasty. Biography When the Ayyobid Sultan as-Salih Ayyub died Aktay was sent to Hasankeyf to recall Turanshah, the son and heir of the dead sultan, to Egypt. During the Battle of al-Mansurah he was one of the Mamluk commanders who defeated the Frankish forces led by the French king Louis IX. Aktay was one of the Mamluks who collaborated in the murdering of Turanshah after the battle of al-Mansurah. During the era of Sultan Aybak, he led the Egyptian forces that defeated the army of the Ayyubid ruler of Syria an-Nasir Yusuf at Gaza in October 1250 and, as a general, he played a crucial role in the final defeat of an-Nasir Yusuf in the . In 1251 he conquered parts of Syria and in 1252 the port city of Alexandria in northern Egypt became his own domain. He was known for his devotion to Islam and harsh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shajar Ad-Durr
Shajar al-Durr ( ar, شجر الدر, lit=Tree of Pearls), also Shajarat al-Durr (), whose royal name was al-Malika ʿAṣmat ad-Dīn ʾUmm-Khalīl Shajar ad-Durr (; from her nickname , 'mother of Khalil'; died 28 April 1257), was a ruler of Egypt. She was the wife of As-Salih Ayyub, and later of Izz al-Din Aybak, the first sultan of the Mamluk Bahri dynasty. Prior to becoming Ayyub's wife, she was a child slave and Ayyub's concubine. In political affairs, Shajar al-Durr played a crucial role after the death of her first husband during the Seventh Crusade against Egypt (1249–1250 AD). She became the sultana of Egypt on 2 May 1250, marking the end of the Ayyubid reign and the start of the Mamluk era. There are several theories about the ethnic roots of Shajar al-Durr. Many Muslim historians believed that she was of either Bedouin, Circassian, Greek or Turkic origin and some believed that she was of Armenian origin. Title Several sources assert that Shajar al-Durr took the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Muazzam Turanshah
Turanshah, also Turan Shah ( ar, توران شاه), (? – 2 May 1250), (''epithet:'' al-Malik al-Muazzam Ghayath al-Din Turanshah ( ar, الملك المعظم غياث الدين توران شاه)) was a Kurdish ruler of Egypt, a son of Sultan As-Salih Ayyub. A member of the Ayyubid Dynasty, he became Sultan of Egypt for a brief period in 1249–50. Background Turanshah was not trusted by his father, who sent him to Hasankeyf to keep him away from Egyptian politics. He learned of his father's death from Faris ad-Din Aktai, commander of his father's Bahri Mamluks, who had been sent from Egypt to bring him back and pursue the war against Louis IX of France and the Seventh Crusade. Aktai arrived at Hasankeyf early in Ramadan 647/December 1249 and a few days later, 11 Ramadan/18 December, Turanshah and around fifty companions had started off for Egypt. The party took a circuitous route to avoid being intercepted by hostile Ayyubid rivals and on 28 Ramadan 647/4 Januar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
