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Akidnognathids
Akidnognathidae is an extinct family of therocephalian therapsids from the Late Permian and Early Triassic of South Africa, Russia and China. The family includes many large-bodied therocephalians that were probably carnivorous, including ''Moschorhinus'' and ''Olivierosuchus''. One akidnognathid, ''Euchambersia'', may even have been venomous. Akidnognathids have robust skulls with a pair of large caniniform teeth in their upper jaws. The family is morphologically intermediate between the more basal therocephalian group Scylacosauridae and the more derived group Baurioidea. Classification History The first family-level name used to classify an akidnognathid was Euchambersidae, erected by South African paleontologist Lieuwe Dirk Boonstra in 1934,Boonstra L.D. 1934. "A contribution to the morphology of the mammal-like reptiles of the suborder Therocephalia". ''Annals of the South African Museum'', 31: 215–267 in reference for the genus ''Euchambersia'', which is possibly one of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moschorhininae
''Moschorhinus'' is an extinct genus of therocephalian in the family Akidnognathidae with only one species: ''M. kitchingi''. It was a carnivorous synapsid which has been found in the Late Permian to Early Triassic of the South African Karoo Supergroup. It was a large carnivore, reaching in total body length with the largest skull comparable to that of a lion in size. It had a broad, blunt snout which bore long, straight canines. It appears to have replaced the gorgonopsids ecologically, and hunted much like a big cat. While most abundant in the Late Permian, it survived a little after the Permian Extinction, though these Triassic individuals had stunted growth. Taxonomy The genus name ''Moschorhinus'' is derived from the Ancient Greek words μόσχος (mos'-khos) ''moschos'' for calf or young animal, and ''rhin/rhino-'' for nose or snout, in reference to its short, broad snout. The species name, ''kitchingi'', refers to Mr. James Kitching, who originally found (but did not des ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Olivierosuchus
''Olivierosuchus'' is an extinct genus of therocephalian therapsids. It is a member of the family Akidnognathidae. Fossils of ''Olivierosuchus'' have been found from the Early Triassic ''Lystrosaurus'' Assemblage Zone in South Africa. Unlike other akidnognathids such as ''Moschorhinus'', it has a narrow snout and fewer postcanine teeth. As a distinguishing feature, ''Olivierosuchus'' also has a sharp ridge near the choana, an opening in the skull palate. Bumps and projections cover the pterygoid, a bone that forms part of the palate. ''Olivierosuchus'' was a top predator of the lower ''Lystrosaurus'' Assemblage Zone (LAZ) and lived alongside other large therapsids like ''Moschorhinus''. The high diversity of akidnognathids in the LAZ suggests that the group recovered quickly from the Permian-Triassic extinction event, a mass extinction in which many other therapsid groups disappeared. A burrow cast described in 2010 from the LAZ has been attributed to ''Olivierosuchus'' or a r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akidnognathus
''Akidnognathus'' is an extinct genus of therocephalians. See also * List of therapsids This list of therapsids is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all genera that have ever been included in the Therapsida excluding mammals and purely vernacular terms. The list includes all commonly accepted genera, but also genera tha ... References The main groups of non-mammalian synapsids at Mikko's Phylogeny Archive Akidnognathids Fossil taxa described in 1918 Taxa named by Sidney H. Haughton Therocephalia genera {{paleo-therapsid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euchambersia
''Euchambersia'' is an extinct genus of therocephalian therapsids that lived during the Late Permian in what is now South Africa and China. The genus contains two species. The type species ''E. mirabilis'' was named by paleontologist Robert Broom in 1931 from a skull missing the lower jaw. A second skull, belonging to a probably immature individual, was later described. In 2022, a second species, ''E. liuyudongi'', was named by Jun Liu and Fernando Abdala from a well-preserved skull. It is a member of the family Akidnognathidae, which historically has also been referred by as the synonymous Euchambersiidae (named after ''Euchambersia''). ''Euchambersia'' was a small and short-snouted therocephalian, possessing large canines as is typical of the group. However, it is notable among therocephalians for possessing ridges on its canines and a large indentation in the side of the skull. It has been proposed that these structures supported a venom delivery mechanism. If this statement ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moschorhinus
''Moschorhinus'' is an extinct genus of therocephalian in the family Akidnognathidae with only one species: ''M. kitchingi''. It was a carnivorous synapsid which has been found in the Late Permian to Early Triassic of the South African Karoo Supergroup. It was a large carnivore, reaching in total body length with the largest skull comparable to that of a lion in size. It had a broad, blunt snout which bore long, straight canines. It appears to have replaced the gorgonopsids ecologically, and hunted much like a big cat. While most abundant in the Late Permian, it survived a little after the Permian Extinction, though these Triassic individuals had stunted growth. Taxonomy The genus name ''Moschorhinus'' is derived from the Ancient Greek words μόσχος (mos'-khos) ''moschos'' for calf or young animal, and ''rhin/rhino-'' for nose or snout, in reference to its short, broad snout. The species name, ''kitchingi'', refers to Mr. James Kitching, who originally found (but did not de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moschorhinus Kitchingi
''Moschorhinus'' is an extinct genus of therocephalian in the family Akidnognathidae with only one species: ''M. kitchingi''. It was a carnivorous synapsid which has been found in the Late Permian to Early Triassic of the South African Karoo Supergroup. It was a large carnivore, reaching in total body length with the largest skull comparable to that of a lion in size. It had a broad, blunt snout which bore long, straight canines. It appears to have replaced the gorgonopsids ecologically, and hunted much like a big cat. While most abundant in the Late Permian, it survived a little after the Permian Extinction, though these Triassic individuals had stunted growth. Taxonomy The genus name ''Moschorhinus'' is derived from the Ancient Greek words μόσχος (mos'-khos) ''moschos'' for calf or young animal, and ''rhin/rhino-'' for nose or snout, in reference to its short, broad snout. The species name, ''kitchingi'', refers to Mr. James Kitching, who originally found (but did not des ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Annatherapsidus
''Annatherapsidus'' is an extinct genus of therocephalians. It was a fairly small animal with a length of 91 cm and a 22 cm skull. See also * List of therapsids This list of therapsids is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all genera that have ever been included in the Therapsida excluding mammals and purely vernacular terms. The list includes all commonly accepted genera, but also genera tha ... References Prehistoric synapsids of Europe Akidnognathids Fossil taxa described in 1961 Taxa named by Oskar Kuhn Therocephalia genera {{paleo-therapsid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eutherocephalia
Eutherocephalia ("true beast head") is an extinct clade of advanced therocephalian therapsids. Eutherocephalians are distinguished from the lycosuchids and scylacosaurids, two early therocephalian families. While lycosuchids and scyalosaurids became extinct by the end of the Permian period, eutherocephalians survived the Permian–Triassic extinction event. The group eventually became extinct in the Middle Triassic. Characteristics The Eutherocephalians evolved several mammal-like traits through convergent evolution with Cynodontia. Among those traits were the loss of palatine teeth and the reduction of the parietal eye. The latter organ is instrumental in thermoregulation among lizards and snakes, indicating both eutherocephalians and cynodonts were evolving toward a more active, homeothermic lifestyle, though the eye never fully disappeared in the eutherocephalians. Classification The clade Eutherocephalia contains the majority of therocephalians, yet the phylogenetic rela ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lycosuchus
''Lycosuchus'' ("wolf crocodile") is an extinct genus of carnivorous therocephalians which lived in the Middle Permian 265—260 Ma existing for approximately . As a member of the Lycosuchidae, the genus represents one of the earliest diverging therocephalians. The type species ''Lycosuchus vanderrieti'' is known from a handful of well-preserved specimens featuring the cranium and lower jaw; the holotype US D173 housed at the University of Stellenbosch, South Africa, is a near complete occluded skull. Specimen MB.R. 995, housed at the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, Germany, consists of a near complete and isolated lower jaw, along with a partial snout and brain case. With the help of μCT data, Pusch et al (2020) described the endocranial anatomy of ''Lycosuchus vanderrieti''. It was a medium-sized predator, reaching 1.2 m (3.8 ft) in length with a skull 23 cm long., typical of early therocephalians. ''L. vanderrieti'' bore two functional canines in each maxilla, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Procynosuchus
''Procynosuchus'' (Greek: "Before dog crocodile") is an extinct genus of cynodonts from the Late Permian. It is considered to be one of the earliest and most basal cynodonts. It was 60 cm (2 ft) long. Remains of ''Procynosuchus'' have been found in Russia, Germany, Zambia and South Africa.T. S. Kemp: ''The Origin and Evolution of Mammals'' Oxford University Press, 2005. Paleobiology As one of the earliest cynodonts, ''Procynosuchus'' has many primitive features, but it also has features that distinguish it from all other early therapsids. Some of these features were interpreted by Kemp (1980) as adaptations for a semi-aquatic lifestyle. For example, the wide zygapophyses of the vertebrae allow for a high degree of lateral flexibility, and ''Procynosuchus'' may have used anguilliform locomotion, or eel-like undulation, to swim through the water. The tail of ''Procynosuchus'' is also unusually long for a cynodont. The long haemal arches would have given the tail a lar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sidney H
Sidney may refer to: People * Sidney (surname), English surname * Sidney (given name), including a list of people with the given name * Sidney (footballer, born 1972), full name Sidney da Silva Souza, Brazilian football defensive midfielder * Sidney (footballer, born 1979), full name Sidney Santos de Brito, Brazilian football defender Characters *Sidney Prescott, main character from the ''Scream'' horror trilogy * Sidney (''Ice Age''), a ground sloth in the ''Ice Age'' film series * Sidney (''Pokémon''), a character of the ''Pokémon'' universe *Sidney, one of ''The Bash Street Kids'' * Sidney Jenkins, a character in the British teenage drama '' Skins'' *Sidney Hever, Edward's fireman from ''The Railway Series'' and the TV series ''Thomas and Friends'' *Sidney, a diesel engine from the TV series ''Thomas and Friends'' *Sidney Freedman, a recurring character in the TV series ''M*A*S*H'' Places Canada *Sidney, British Columbia *Sidney, Manitoba United Kingdom * Sidney Sussex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scylacosuchus
''Scylacosuchus'' is an extinct genus of therocephalian therapsids. It was a predatory eutherocephalian that lived in Lopingian epoch. Its fossils were found in Orenburg Oblast of Russia. The type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specime ... is ''Scylacosuchus orenburgensis''. References * Valentin P. Tverdokhlebov, Galina I. Tverdokhlebova, Alla V. Minikh, Mikhail V. Surkov, and Michael J. Benton, (2005) Upper Permian vertebrates and their sedimentological context in the South Urals, Russia, ''Earth-Science Reviews'' 69 27-77 55 Eutherocephalians Therocephalia genera Lopingian synapsids of Europe Prehistoric synapsids of Europe Fossil taxa described in 1968 Taxa named by Leonid Petrovich Tatarinov {{paleo-therapsid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
