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Akademi Kreyòl Ayisyen
The Akademi Kreyòl Ayisyen (), known in French as the Académie du Créole Haïtien and in English as the Haitian Creole Academy, is the language regulator of Haitian Creole. It is composed of up to 55scholars under the leadership of Pierre-André Pierre. Background The Haitian Creole language did not have any regulation until the 1940s, when former Haitian president, Élie Lescot Antoine Louis Léocardie Élie Lescot (December 9, 1883 – October 20, 1974) was the President of Haiti from May 15, 1941 to January 11, 1946. He was a member of the country's mixed-race elite. He used the political climate of World War II to s ... made attempts at standardizing the language. It had an official orthography by the late 1970s, and it was elevated to co-official language with French in the 1987 Haitian Constitution. The constitution, in Article 213, stated that a Haitian creole language academy should be founded. The language still lacked an academy to regulate its evolution un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Port-au-Prince
Port-au-Prince ( , ; ht, Pòtoprens ) is the capital and most populous city of Haiti. The city's population was estimated at 987,311 in 2015 with the metropolitan area estimated at a population of 2,618,894. The metropolitan area is defined by the IHSI as including the communes of Port-au-Prince, Delmas, Cite Soleil, Tabarre, Carrefour and Pétion-Ville. The city of Port-au-Prince is on the Gulf of Gonâve: the bay on which the city lies, which acts as a natural harbor, has sustained economic activity since the civilizations of the Taíno. It was first incorporated under French colonial rule in 1749. The city's layout is similar to that of an amphitheater; commercial districts are near the water, while residential neighborhoods are located on the hills above. Its population is difficult to ascertain due to the rapid growth of slums in the hillsides above the city; however, recent estimates place the metropolitan area's population at around 3.7 million, nearly half of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Odette Roy Fombrun
Odette Roy Fombrun (13 June 1917 – 23 December 2022) was a Haitian writer and intellectual. Born in Port-au-Prince Port-au-Prince ( , ; ht, Pòtoprens ) is the capital and most populous city of Haiti. The city's population was estimated at 987,311 in 2015 with the metropolitan area estimated at a population of 2,618,894. The metropolitan area is define ..., Haiti, she graduated in 1935 from the teachers training college, École Normale d'Institutrices, and in 1945 went to the United States to pursue nursing studies for a year in Boston, Massachusetts. She then opened Haiti's first kindergarten and first professional flower shop. Fombrun was awarded a Doctor Honoris Causa in December 2002 from the Université Royale d’Haïti in Port-au-Prince (Haïti). A prolific writer of fiction and non-fiction, she published textbooks, mystery novels, newspaper and magazine articles. Beginning in 1959, Fombrun went into exile for 27 years. Upon her return to Haiti, she was assoc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Academies
A national academy is an organizational body, usually operating with state financial support and approval, that co-ordinates scholarly research activities and standards for academic disciplines, most frequently in the sciences but also the humanities. Typically the country's learned societies in individual disciplines will liaise with or be co-ordinated by the national academy. National academies play an important organisational role in academic exchanges and collaborations between countries. The extent of official recognition of national academies varies between countries. In some cases they are explicitly or de facto an arm of government; in others, as in the United Kingdom, they are voluntary, non-profit bodies with which government has agreed to negotiate, and which may receive government financial support while retaining substantial independence. In some countries, a single academy covers all disciplines; an example is France. In others, there are several academies, which wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Learned Societies Of Haiti
Learning is the process of acquiring new understanding, knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, attitudes, and preferences. The ability to learn is possessed by humans, animals, and some machines; there is also evidence for some kind of learning in certain plants. Some learning is immediate, induced by a single event (e.g. being burned by a hot stove), but much skill and knowledge accumulate from repeated experiences. The changes induced by learning often last a lifetime, and it is hard to distinguish learned material that seems to be "lost" from that which cannot be retrieved. Human learning starts at birth (it might even start before in terms of an embryo's need for both interaction with, and freedom within its environment within the womb.) and continues until death as a consequence of ongoing interactions between people and their environment. The nature and processes involved in learning are studied in many established fields (including educational psychology, neuropsych ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Language Regulators
This is a list of bodies that consider themselves to be authorities on standard languages, often called language academies. Language academies are motivated by, or closely associated with, linguistic purism and prestige, and typically publish prescriptive dictionaries,Thomas, George (1991''Linguistic purism''p.108, quotation: which purport to officiate and prescribe the meaning of words and pronunciations. A language regulator may also have a more descriptive approach, however, while maintaining and promoting (but not imposing) a standard spelling. Many language academies are private institutions, although some are governmental bodies in different states, or enjoy some form of government-sanctioned status in one or more countries. There may also be multiple language academies attempting to regulate and codify the same language, sometimes based in different countries and sometimes influenced by political factors. Many world languages have one or more language academies or offici ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haitian Creole
Haitian Creole (; ht, kreyòl ayisyen, links=no, ; french: créole haïtien, links=no, ), commonly referred to as simply ''Creole'', or ''Kreyòl'' in the Creole language, is a French-based creole language spoken by 10–12million people worldwide, and is one of the two official languages of Haiti (the other being French), where it is the native language of a majority of the population. The language emerged from contact between French settlers and enslaved Africans during the Atlantic slave trade in the French colony of Saint-Domingue (now Haiti) in the 17th and 18th centuries. Although its vocabulary largely derives from 18th-century French, its grammar is that of a West African Volta-Congo language branch, particularly the Fongbe language and Igbo language. It also has influences from Spanish, English, Portuguese, Taino, and other West African languages. It is not mutually intelligible with standard French, and has its own distinctive grammar. Haitians are the largest com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marie Marcelle Buteau Racine
Marie Marcelle Buteau Racine was a professor of linguistics. Biography Marie Marcelle Buteau Racine was born on May 31, 1934, in Les Cayes, Haiti. She was a Haitian professor of linguistics and a founding member of the Akademi Kreyòl Ayisyen/Haitian Creole Academy. She emigrated to the United States in 1963 with her husband and later earned a M.A. in French from Howard University and a PhD in French and Theoretical Linguistics from Georgetown University. She would later teach at the University of the District of Columbia while being involved in social issues related to education, women's rights, and justice in Haiti, Latin America, and the United States. She died July 23, 2020, at the age of 86. Career Racine was hired by Federal City College (later University of the District of Columbia) in 1969. She served as chair of the Department of Foreign Languages and later served as Associate Dean of the College of Liberal and Fine Arts from 1978 to 1987 and was acting dean from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rachel Beauvoir Dominique
Rachel Beauvoir-Dominique (18 May 1965 – 5 January 2018) was a Haitian anthropologist and Vodou mambo. Early life Beauvoir-Dominique's father was Max Beauvoir, a Haitian biochemist, and her mother was Elisabeth Marchand, a French national and a mambo. She was raised along with her sister Estelle Beauvoir Manuel in USA and Haiti. She was born in 1965 while he was working as a researcher at the Cornell Medical Center in New York City. In 1973 Max Beauvoir abandoned his career in chemistry, returned to Haiti, became a houngan and founded a Hounfour. Academic and religious career Beauvoir-Dominique attended Tufts University where she studied cultural anthropology, and then the University of Oxford, where she studied social anthropology. She had been a critic of the Duvalier dictatorship and returned to Haiti to help rebuild following the regime's 1986 collapse. Beauvoir-Dominique joined the faculty of the University of Haiti, where she taught anthropology and Haitian cul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Max Gesner Beauvoir
Max Gesner Beauvoir (August 25, 1936 – September 12, 2015) was a Haitian biochemist and '' houngan''. Beauvoir held one of the highest titles of Voudou priesthood, Ati or "Supreme Serviteur" (supreme servant), a title given to Houngans and Mambos (Voudou priests and priestesses) who have a great and very deep knowledge of the religion, and status within the religion. As Supreme Serviteur, Max was seen as a high authority within Vodou. Biography Beauvoir was born on August 25, 1936, in Haiti. He left Haiti in the 1950s and graduated in 1958 from City College of New York with a degree in chemistry. He continued his studies at the Sorbonne from 1959 to 1962, when he graduated with a degree in biochemistry. First employed by a mining company in the mountains of Nimba (Liberia), he returned to the U.S. where, in 1965, at Cornell Medical Center, he supervised a team in synthesizing metabolic steroids. This led him to a job at an engineering company in northern New Jersey, and lat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jocelyne Trouillot
Marie-Jocelyne Trouillot (born April 21 1948) is a Haitian writer and educator. Biography Marie-Jocelyne Trouillot was born in Port-au-Prince, April 21 1948. She is the daughter of Ernst Trouillot and Anne Marie Morisset. Her siblings are the writers Lyonel Trouillot and Évelyne Trouillot. Trouillot graduated from the École normale supérieure in Haiti and then went on to study psychology and education at Université de Bordeaux. She received a master's degree in bilingual education from Long Island University. Trouillot taught for several years, also developing educational materials for Haitian children. After moving to Florida, she completed a doctoral degree at Florida Atlantic University. For a number of years, she directed bilingual education for schools in Dade County. After the Duvalier regime in Haiti ended, she returned to Haiti, where she was a co-founder of the Université Caraïbe. Trouillot also was founder and president of AYIBBY, the Haitian branch of the Intern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacques Max Manigat
Jacques Max Manigat (born 29 December 1931) is a Haitian scholar. Originally from Cap-Haïtien, he is a member of the Akademi Kreyòl Ayisyen (Haitian Creole Academy). He is the author of several books on the Haitian diaspora Haiti has a sizeable diaspora, present primarily in the United States, Dominican Republic, Cuba, Canada, France (including its French Caribbean territories), the Bahamas, Brazil and Chile. They also live in other countries like Belgium, Turks an .... References 1931 births Living people Haitian writers People from Cap-Haïtien {{Haiti-writer-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michel DeGraff
Michel Frederic DeGraff is a Haitian Creolistics, creolist who has served on the board of the ''Journal of Haitian Studies''. He is a tenured professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a founding member of the Haitian Creole Academy. His field of scholarship is Creole language, also known as ''Lang Kreyòl'' Linguistics. He is known for his advocacy towards the recognition of Haitian Creole as a full-fledged language. In the fall of 2012, he received a $1 million grant from the National Science Foundation to introduce online Creole language materials in the teaching of Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, STEM in Haiti. He believes that Haitian children should be taught in their native language at all levels of instruction, contrary to the tradition of teaching them in French. Degraff believes that instruction in French, a foreign language for most Haitian children, hinders their creativity and their ability to excel. Early life As a child growing up ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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