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Air Infiltration And Ventilation Centre
Air Infiltration and Ventilation Centre (AIVC) is the International Energy Agency information centre on energy efficient ventilation of buildings. History The AIVC started in 1979 in the context of the first and second oil crisis in 1973 oil crisis, 1973 and 1979 oil crisis, 1979. The Centre was established as the 5th research project (Annex 5) in the context of the implementing agreement Energy in Buildings and Communities Programme (at that time called ECBCS) of the International Energy Agency. Since its inauguration, in 1979, the AIVC has been running without interruption. In November, 2020 the executive committee of the International Energy Agency Technical Collaboration Programme Buildings and Communities, approved a 5-year extension period for the AIVC from 2022 till 2026. In the first years, the AIVC's primary focus was understanding and finding ways to limit the energy impact of air infiltration in buildings.P. Wouters,The new AIVC - your companion in the ventilation wor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Energy Agency
The International Energy Agency (IEA) is a Paris-based autonomous intergovernmental organisation, established in 1974, that provides policy recommendations, analysis and data on the entire global energy sector, with a recent focus on curbing carbon emissions and reaching global climate targets, including the Paris Agreement. The 31 member countries and 11 association countries of the IEA represent 75% of global energy demand. The IEA was set up under the framework of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in the aftermath of the 1973 oil crisis to respond to physical disruptions in global oil supplies, provide data and statistics about the global oil market and energy sector, promote energy savings and conservation, and establish international technical collaboration on innovation and research. Since its founding, the IEA has also coordinated use of the oil reserves that its members are required to hold. In subsequent decades, the IEA's role expanded t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1973 Oil Crisis
The 1973 oil crisis or first oil crisis began in October 1973 when the members of the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC), led by Saudi Arabia, proclaimed an oil embargo. The embargo was targeted at nations that had supported Israel during the Yom Kippur War. The initial nations targeted were Canada, Japan, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and the United States, though the embargo also later extended to Portugal, Rhodesia and South Africa. By the end of the embargo in March 1974, the price of oil had risen nearly 300%, from US to nearly globally; US prices were significantly higher. The embargo caused an oil crisis, or "shock", with many short- and long-term effects on global politics and the global economy. It was later called the "first oil shock", followed by the 1979 oil crisis, termed the "second oil shock". Background Arab-Israeli conflict Ever since the recreation of the State of Israel in 1948 there has been Arab–Israeli conflict in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1979 Oil Crisis
The 1979 oil crisis, also known as the 1979 Oil Shock or Second Oil Crisis, was an energy crisis caused by a drop in oil production in the wake of the Iranian Revolution. Although the global oil supply only decreased by approximately four percent, the oil markets' reaction raised the price of crude oil drastically over the next 12 months, more than doubling it to . The sudden increase in price was connected with fuel shortages and long lines at gas stations similar to the 1973 oil crisis. In 1980, following the onset of the Iran–Iraq War, oil production in Iran fell drastically. Iraq's oil production also dropped significantly, triggering economic recessions worldwide. Oil prices did not return to pre-crisis levels until the mid-1980s. Oil prices after 1980 began a steady decline over the next 20 years, except for a brief uptick during the Gulf War, which then reached a 60% fall-off in the 1990s. Mexico, Nigeria, and Venezuela's major oil exporters expanded their produ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TightVent Europe
TightVent Europe is a platform, formed in 2011, with a focus on building and ductwork airtightness issues.BUILD UP energy solutions for better buildings,Launching of TightVent Europe - the Building and Ductwork Airtightness platform, 2011 The creation of the platform was triggered by the need for a strong and concerted initiative to meet the Directive on the energy performance of buildings ambitious targets for the year 2020 and overcome the challenges in relation to the envelope and ductwork leakage towards the generalization of nearly zero-energy buildings.BUILD UP energy solutions for better buildings:TightVent Newsletter 1, May, 2011 The platform’s main activities, among others, include the production and dissemination of policy oriented publications, networking among local or national airtightness associations, as well as the organization of conferences, workshops and webinars.P. Wouters, F. R. Carrie:Airtightness of buildings and ductwork: The TightVent Europe platformBUI ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Venticool
Venticool is an international platform formed in 2012 focusing on ventilative cooling issues, with the overall goal to ''"boost awareness, communication, networking and steering research and development efforts in the field" ''.BUILD UP energy solutions for better buildings:venticool Newsletter 1, October 2012 In 2020, venticool's focus was broadened towards resilient ventilative cooling.venticool, the platform for resilient ventilative cooling,Developing resilient ventilative cooling for better comfort and energy savings in buildings, Retrieved January 2021 According to Annex 80 ‘Resilient Cooling of Buildings’ research project of the ‘ Energy in Buildings and Communities Programme (EBC)’ of the International Energy Agency (IEA), the resilience of a building is described as the ''“ability of the building to withstand disruptions caused by extreme weather events, man-made disasters, power failure, change in use and atypical conditions; and to maintain capacity to adapt, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Building Airtightness
Building airtightness (also called envelope airtightness) can be defined as the resistance to inward or outward air leakage through unintentional leakage points or areas in the building envelope. This air leakage is driven by differential pressures across the building envelope due to the combined effects of stack, external wind and mechanical ventilation systems. Airtightness is the fundamental building property that impacts infiltration and exfiltration (the uncontrolled inward and outward leakage of outdoor air through cracks, interstices or other unintentional openings of a building, caused by pressure effects of the wind and/or stack effect).M. Limb, "Technical note AIVC 36- Air Infiltration and Ventilation Glossary," International Energy Agency energy conservation in buildings and community systems programme, 1992 An airtight building has several positive impacts when combined with an appropriate ventilation system (whether natural, mechanical, or hybrid): * Lower heating bi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ductwork Airtightness
Ductwork airtightness can be defined as the resistance to inward or outward air leakage through the ductwork envelope (or ductwork shell). This air leakage is driven by differential pressures across the ductwork envelope due to the combined effects of stack and fan operation (in case of a mechanical ventilation system). For a given HVAC system, the term ductwork refers to the set of ducts and fittings (tees, reducers, bends, etc.) that are used to supply the air to or extract the air from the conditioned spaces. It does not include components such as air handlers, heat recovery units, air terminal devices, coils. However, attenuators, dampers, access panels, etc. are a part of the ductwork even if they have more functions than conveying the air and are therefore also referred to as technical ductwork products. Ductwork airtightness is the fundamental ductwork property that impacts the uncontrolled leakage of air through duct leaks. Metrics There are two major systems to classify ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ventilative Cooling
Ventilative cooling is the use of natural or mechanical ventilation to cool indoor spaces.P. Heiselberg, M. Kolokotroni.Ventilative Cooling. State of the art review. Department of Civil Engineering. Aalborg University, Denmark. 2015 The use of outside air reduces the cooling load and the energy consumption of these systems, while maintaining high quality indoor conditions; passive ventilative cooling may eliminate energy consumption. Ventilative cooling strategies are applied in a wide range of buildings and may even be critical to realize renovated or new high efficient buildings and zero-energy buildings ( ZEBs). Ventilation is present in buildings mainly for air quality reasons. It can be used additionally to remove both excess heat gains, as well as increase the velocity of the air and thereby widen the thermal comfort range. Ventilative cooling is assessed by long-term evaluation indices. Ventilative cooling is dependent on the availability of appropriate external conditions an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Society Of Indoor Air Quality And Climate
The International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate (ISIAQ) is a non-profit scientific organization seeking to advance and support the creation of healthy and comfortable indoor building environments. In 1992, the institution of ISIAQ was decided by a group of 109 international scientists and other multidisciplinary practitioners following the 5th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate (also known as Indoor Air '90) in Toronto, 1990. Academy of Fellows In 1991, the International Academy of Indoor Air Sciences (IAIAS) was founded to promote the practice of research and outstanding service of the indoor air sciences. The IAIAS merged with ISIAQ and changed into the Academy of Fellows in 2005. Its members are composed of multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary scientists involved in all aspects of indoor air quality Indoor air quality (IAQ) is the air quality within and around buildings and structures. IAQ is known to affect the health, comfort, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Building Performance Simulation Association
The International Building Performance Simulation Association (IBPSA), is a non-profit international society of building performance simulation researchers, developers and practitioners, dedicated to improving the built environment. IBPSA aims to provide a forum for researchers, developers and practitioners to review building model developments, encourage the use of software programs, address standardization, accelerate integration and technology transfer, via exchange of knowledge and organization of (inter)national conferences. Organization IBPSA is an international organization with regional affiliate organizations around the world. IBPSA is governed by a board of directors elected by the membership of all the regional affiliates. In addition to the president, vice-president, secretary, and treasurer, the board is made up of members-at-large and representatives sent by the regional affiliates. Publications Newsletter ibpsaNEWS, IBPSA's online newsletter is published twi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ASHRAE
The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE ) is an American professional association seeking to advance heating, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration (HVAC&R) systems design and construction. ASHRAE has over 57,000 members in more than 132 countries worldwide. ASHRAE's members are composed of building services engineers, architects, mechanical contractors, building owners, equipment manufacturers' employees, and others concerned with the design and construction of HVAC&R systems in buildings. The society funds research projects, offers continuing education programs, and develops and publishes technical standards to improve building services engineering, energy efficiency, indoor air quality, and sustainable development. History ASHRAE was founded in 1894 at a meeting of engineers in New York City, formerly headquartered at 345 East 47th Street, and has held an annual meeting since 1895. Until 1954 it was known as the Ame ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indoor Environmental Quality Global Alliance
The Indoor Environmental Quality Global Alliance (IEQ-GA) was initiated in 2014 aiming to improve the actual, delivered indoor environmental quality in buildings through coordination, education, outreach and advocacy. The alliance works to supply information, guidelines and knowledge on the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) in buildings and workplaces, and to provide occupants in buildings and workplaces with an acceptable indoor environmental quality (indoor air quality (IAQ), thermal conditions, visual quality, and acoustical quality) and help promote implementation in practice of knowledge from research on the field. The group has already begun work to collect and critique IEQ standards and is organising and presenting programmes at the conferences of member organisations and others. The Alliance was launched on June 29, 2014 during ASHRAE’s 2014 Annual Conference in Seattle by the signing of a memorandum of understanding betweeAIHA AIVCASHRAE [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
