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Ahmed Bey Ben Mohamed Chérif
Ahmed Bey ben Mohamed Sherif, also known as Ahmed Bey or Hadj Ahmed Bey ( ar, الحاج أحمد باي) (c. 1784 - c. 1850) was the last Bey of Constantine, in the Regency of Algiers, ruling from 1826 to 1848. He was the successor of Mohamed Menamenni Bey ben Khan. As head of state, he led the local population in a fierce resistance to the French occupation forces. With the position vacant, in 1833 he adopted the title of the leader of Algeria, and the Dey in exile، although this wasn't recognized by any other countries. In 1837 Constantine was taken by the French after an intense siege. In 1837 the territory was conquered by the French. He retreated into the Aurès Mountains from where he continued to wage a sort of Low-intensity conflict using the tribes still loyal to him until he capitulated in 1848. Early life and career Ahmed Bey was born to a Kouloughlis, Kouloughli father called Mohamed ben Ahmed Chérif, and an Algerian mother called El Hadja Rékia. He was the gran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deylik Of Algiers
The Regency of Algiers ( ar, دولة الجزائر, translit=Dawlat al-Jaza'ir) was a state in North Africa lasting from 1516 to 1830, until it was conquered by the French. Situated between the regency of Tunis in the east, the Sultanate of Morocco (from 1553) in the west and Tuat as well as the country south of In Salah in the south (and the Spanish and Portuguese possessions of North Africa), the Regency originally extended its borders from La Calle in the east to Trara in the west and from Algiers to Biskra, and afterwards spread to the present eastern and western borders of Algeria. It had various degrees of autonomy throughout its existence, in some cases reaching complete independence, recognized even by the Ottoman sultan. The country was initially governed by governors appointed by the Ottoman sultan (1518–1659), rulers appointed by the Odjak of Algiers (1659–1710), and then Deys elected by the Divan of Algiers from (1710-1830). History Establishment Fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mecca
Mecca (; officially Makkah al-Mukarramah, commonly shortened to Makkah ()) is a city and administrative center of the Mecca Province of Saudi Arabia, and the Holiest sites in Islam, holiest city in Islam. It is inland from Jeddah on the Red Sea, in a narrow valley above sea level. Its last recorded population was 1,578,722 in 2015. Its estimated metro population in 2020 is 2.042million, making it the List of cities in Saudi Arabia by population, third-most populated city in Saudi Arabia after Riyadh and Jeddah. Pilgrims more than triple this number every year during the Pilgrimage#Islam, pilgrimage, observed in the twelfth Islamic calendar, Hijri month of . Mecca is generally considered "the fountainhead and cradle of Islam". Mecca is revered in Islam as the birthplace of the Prophets and messengers in Islam, Islamic prophet Muhammad. The Hira cave atop the ("Mountain of Light"), just outside the city, is where Muslims believe the Quran was first revealed to Muhammad. Vis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean-René Sillègue
Jean-René is a French masculine given name. Notable people with the name include: * Jean René Allard (born 1930), a former politician in Manitoba, Canada * Jean René Baroux (1922–1992), a veteran of the second world war and writer * Jean René Bazaine (1904–2001), a French painter * Jean-René Bernaudeau (born 1956), a French former professional road bicycle racer * Jean René Constant Quoy (1790–1869), a French zoologist * Jean-René Cruchet (1875–1959), a French pathologist * Jean René Gauguin (1881–1961), a French/Danish sculptor * Jean-René Jérôme (1942–1991), a Haitian painter and sculptor * Jean-René Lecerf (born 1951), a French politician and a member of the Senate of France * Jean-René Lisnard (born 1979), a professional tennis player from Monaco * Jean-René Marsac (born 1954), a member of the National Assembly of France * Jean René Akono Jean may refer to: People * Jean (female given name) * Jean (male given name) * Jean (surname) Fictional characte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bertrand Clausel
Bertrand, comte Clauzel (12 December 177221 April 1842) was a Marshal of France. When asked on Saint Helena which of his Generals was the most skillful Napoleon named Clauzel along with Louis-Gabriel Suchet and Étienne Maurice GérardOjala, Jeanne A. (1987)"Napoleon's Marshals" Macmillan Publishing Company & David Chandler P.502 Military career Bertrand Clauzel was born on 12 December 1772 at Mirepoix in the County of Foix and served in the first campaign of the French Revolutionary Wars as one of the volunteers of 1791. In June 1795, having distinguished himself repeatedly in the war on the northern frontier (1792–1793) and the fighting in the eastern Pyrénées (1793–1794), Clauzel was made a general of brigade. In this rank he served in Italy in 1798 and 1799, and in the disastrous campaign of the latter year he won great distinction at the battles of the Trebbia and of Novi. In 1802 he served in the expedition to San Domingo. He became a general of division in Decem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Annaba
Annaba ( ar, عنّابة, "Place of the Jujubes"; ber, Aânavaen), formerly known as Bon, Bona and Bône, is a seaport city in the northeastern corner of Algeria, close to the border with Tunisia. Annaba is near the small Seybouse River and is in the Annaba Province. With a population of about 464,740 (2019) and 1,000,000 for the metropole, Annaba is the third-largest city and the leading industrial center in Algeria. Annaba is a coastal city that underwent significant growth during the 20th century. Annaba has a metropolitan area with a higher population density than the other metropolitan areas of the Algerian coastline, such as Oran and Algiers. Much of eastern and southern Algeria uses the services, equipment and infrastructure of Annaba. Economically, it is the centre for various economic activities, such as industry, transportation, finance, and tourism. Names Present-day Annaba grew up on the site of Aphrodisium, the seaport of the Roman city . (The modern city ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emir Abdelkader
Abdelkader ibn Muhieddine (6 September 1808 – 26 May 1883; ar, عبد القادر ابن محي الدين '), known as the Emir Abdelkader or Abdelkader El Hassani El Djazairi, was an Algerian religious and military leader who led a struggle against the French colonial invasion of Algiers in the early 19th century. As an Islamic scholar and Sufi who unexpectedly found himself leading a military campaign, he built up a collection of Algerian tribesmen that for many years successfully held out against one of the most advanced armies in Europe. His consistent regard for what would now be called human rights, especially as regards his Christian opponents, drew widespread admiration, and a crucial intervention to save the Christian community of Damascus from a massacre in 1860 brought honours and awards from around the world. Within Algeria, his efforts to unite the country against French invaders saw him hailed as the "modern Jugurtha", and his ability to combine religious an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Médéa Expedition (1830)
The first Médéa expedition, also known as the Atlas expedition of 1830 was a military expedition conducted by the Kingdom of France against the remnants of the Deylik of Algiers, the Beylik of Titteri and the local resistance led by Mohamed ben Zamoum, Mohamed ben Zaamoum. It began on 17 November 1830 and ended eight in early December. Background In 1830, France Invasion of Algiers in 1830, invaded the capital of the Deylik of Algiers, and captured the city on July 5. Following the capitulation of Hussein Dey, the French sent letters to the three main regional governors of the Beylik of Oran, Beylik of Titteri, Titteri, and Beylik of Constantine, Constantine. Mustapha Boumezrag, bey of Titteri, and Ahmed Bey ben Mohamed Chérif, Ahmed ben Mohamed Chérif, bey of Constantine refused to do so, and thus were soon declared dethroned by the French government in Algiers. Furthermore Mustapha Boumezrag, along with his ally of necessity, Mohamed ben Zamoum a Kabyle people, Kabyle ex- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beylik Of Titteri
The Beylik of Titteri, (in arabic : ''bâylik at-Tîtrî)'', was one of the three permanent Beyliks of the Regency of Algiers, the other two being the Western Beylik, and the Beylik of Constantine. It was established in 1546 and was ended during the French conquest of Algeria. History Arudj Barbarossa annexed Médéa and established a garrison there in 1517. Hassan Pacha (the son of Arudj) created the ''Al-Taitri Baylik'' or the Beylik of Titteri in 1546 appointing a certain "Recep Bey" as its first governor. It was governed regularly, it engaged in tribal diplomacy, collected taxes, pacified revolts, and paid taxes to Algiers. The Beys of the province were appointed by the leader of Algiers. The province was initially meant as a governorate for the southern parts of the country, and many cities in the Saharan parts of Algeria such as Laghouat paid taxes to it, although in the 18th century it was expanded into western Kabylia. Fall of Algiers and its aftermath The Beylik o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beylik Of The West
The Beylik of the West (in Arabic: ''bâylik al-gharb'') was one of three Beyliks (governorates) of the Regency of Algiers, with the other two being the Beylik of Titteri and the Beylik of Constantine. It was established in 1563, and it was ended during the French conquest. Geography The Beylik of the West was the largest one out of the Beyliks of Algiers,. it largely corresponded to Oranie. It stretched from Moulouya river to the west and Rif at the greatest expansion, to Algiers in the east, the Mediterranean Sea to the North, and the Sahara to the south until Adrar Plateau taking control of Trans-saharan trades routes. Its capital was Mazouna, then Mascara and the last one was Oran. The exact borders of the Beylik constantly fluctuated thanks to conflicts with Saharan tribes, and Morocco. Oran and Mers el-Kébir were under Spanish control until 1792, when it was recaptured (with the exception of 1708 to 1732, when the cities were briefly recaptured). Tlemcen was the most i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Invasion Of Algiers In 1830
The invasion of Algiers in 1830 was a large-scale military operation by which the Kingdom of France, ruled by Charles X, invaded and conquered the Deylik of Algiers. Algiers was annexed by the Ottoman Empire in 1529 after the capture of Algiers in 1529 and had been under direct rule until 1710, when Baba Ali Chaouch achieved de facto independence from the Ottomans, though the Regency was still nominally a part of the Ottoman Empire. The Deylik of Algiers elected its rulers through a parliament called the Divan of Algiers. These rulers/kings were known as Deys. The state could be best described as an Elective monarchy. A diplomatic incident in 1827, the so-called Fan Affair (Fly Whisk Incident), served as a pretext to initiate a blockade against the port of Algiers. After three years of standstill and a more severe incident in which a French ship carrying an ambassador to the dey with a proposal for negotiations was bombarded, the French determined that more forceful action ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tusun Pasha
Tusun Pasha ( ota, طوسون پاشا, ar, طوسون باشا, tr, Tosun Paşa, Ahmet Tosun Paşa; 1794–28 September 1816) was the younger son of Muhammad Ali Pasha, Wāli of Egypt between 1805 and 1849, by Amina Hanim. He was the father of Abbas I of Egypt (1812–1854) by princess Pembe Qadin. He is buried in Hosh al-Basha, the royal mausoleum of the royal family at the Imam al-Shafi'i, Cairo, Egypt. Life Though not as well known as Muhammad Ali's other son Ibrahim Pasha, Tusun Pasha did nevertheless attain some historical significance in the Ottoman–Saudi War, having led in 1811 the successful military campaign of the Egyptian army in the Arabian Peninsula. It was taken up in order to subdue unrest created in that region by Wahabbi forces. It appears from historical records that, despite not being the eldest son, Tusun was destined by Muhammad Ali to carry on his legacy. This aspiration, however, was not to materialise, as Tusun died in 1816 - possibly of diseas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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