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Agonopterix Subpropinquella
''Agonopterix subpropinquella'' is a moth of the family Depressariidae. It is found in most of Europe. The wingspan is 16–22 mm. The thorax is sometimes dark fuscous. Forewings are light ochreous to brownish -ochreous, sometimes slightly reddish -tinged, with a few blackish scales; first discal stigma black, preceded by a similar dot obliquely above it, second blackish, often obsolete; a dark fuscous often suffused spot between and above these. Hindwings pale fuscous. The larva is green; dorsal line somewhat darker; dots grey; head and plate of 2 black. Adults are on wing from August to May. The larvae feed on '' Arctium lappa'', '' Carduus crispus'', ''Carduus tenuiflorus'', ''Centaurea cyanus'', ''Centaurea jacea'', ''Centaurea scabiosa'', ''Cirsium acaule'', '' Cirsium arvense'', '' Cirsium creticum'', '' Cirsium vulgare'' and ''Onopordum acanthium''. They initially mine Mine, mines, miners or mining may refer to: Extraction or digging * Miner, a person engaged i ...
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Henry Tibbats Stainton
Henry Tibbats Stainton (13 August 1822 – 2 December 1892) was an England, English entomologist. He served as an editor for two popular entomology periodicals of his period, ''The Entomologist's Annual'' and ''The Entomologist's Weekly Intelligencer''. Biography Stainton was the son of Henry Stainton, belonging to a wealthy family in Lewisham. After being privately tutored, he went to King's College London. He was the author of ''A Manual of British Butterflies and Moths'' (1857–59) and with the German entomologist Philipp Christoph Zeller, a Swiss, Heinrich Frey and another Englishman, John William Douglas of ''The Natural History of the Tineina'' (1855–73). He undertook editing William Buckler's and John Hellins' work, following their deaths: ''The Larvae of the British Butterflies and Moths''. He was also a prolific editor of entomological periodicals, including the ''Entomologist's Weekly Intelligencer'' (1856–61) and the ''Entomologist's Monthly Magazine'' (1864 unt ...
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Centaurea Jacea
''Centaurea jacea'', brown knapweed or brownray knapweed, is a species of herbaceous perennial plants in the genus ''Centaurea'' native to dry meadows and open woodland throughout Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia .... It grows to tall, and flowers mainly from June to September. In Britain and America, it is often found as a hybrid of black knapweed, '' Centaurea nigra''. Unlike the black knapweed, the flower heads always look as if they are rayed, forming a more open star rather than a brush-like tuft. '' Centaurea ×moncktonii'' is a fertile hybrid between black knapweed and brown knapweed. References External links * jacea Flora of Norway Plants described in 1753 Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus Flora of Maghreb Flora of Andorra {{Cynareae-stu ...
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Moths Described In 1849
Moths are a paraphyletic group of insects that includes all members of the order Lepidoptera that are not butterflies, with moths making up the vast majority of the order. There are thought to be approximately 160,000 species of moth, many of which have yet to be described. Most species of moth are nocturnal, but there are also crepuscular and diurnal species. Differences between butterflies and moths While the butterflies form a monophyletic group, the moths, comprising the rest of the Lepidoptera, do not. Many attempts have been made to group the superfamilies of the Lepidoptera into natural groups, most of which fail because one of the two groups is not monophyletic: Microlepidoptera and Macrolepidoptera, Heterocera and Rhopalocera, Jugatae and Frenatae, Monotrysia and Ditrysia.Scoble, MJ 1995. The Lepidoptera: Form, function and diversity. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; 404 p. Although the rules for distinguishing moths from butterflies are not well establishe ...
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Leaf Miner
A leaf miner is any one of numerous species of insects in which the larval stage lives in, and eats, the leaf tissue of plants. The vast majority of leaf-mining insects are moths (Lepidoptera), sawflies (Symphyta, the mother clade of wasps), and flies (Diptera). Some beetles also exhibit this behavior. Like woodboring beetles, leaf miners are protected from many predators and plant defenses by feeding within the tissues of the leaves, selectively eating only the layers that have the least amount of cellulose. When attacking ''Quercus robur'' (English oak), they also selectively feed on tissues containing lower levels of tannin, a deterrent chemical produced in great abundance by the tree. The pattern of the feeding tunnel and the layer of the leaf being mined is often diagnostic of the insect responsible, sometimes even to species level. The mine often contains frass, or droppings, and the pattern of frass deposition, mine shape, and host plant identity are useful to determi ...
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Onopordum Acanthium
''Onopordum acanthium'' (cotton thistle, Scotch (or Scottish) thistle, not to be confused with ''Cirsium vulgare'' - spear thistle, which is also known as Scotch or Scottish thistle and is the national flower of Scotland. Spear thistle is native to Britain and is common and widespread - Cotton thistle is non-native) is a flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to Europe and Western Asia from the Iberian Peninsula east to Kazakhstan, and north to central Scandinavia, and widely naturalised elsewhere,Europaea: ''Onopordum acanthium''
with especially large populations present in the

Cirsium Vulgare
''Cirsium vulgare'', the spear thistle, bull thistle, or common thistle, is a species of the Asteraceae genus ''Cirsium'', native throughout most of Europe (north to 66°N, locally 68°N), Western Asia (east to the Yenisei Valley), and northwestern Africa ( Atlas Mountains).''Flora Europaea''''Cirsium vulgare''/ref> It is also naturalised in North America, Africa, and Australia and is an invasive weed in some areas. It is the national flower of Scotland. The plant provides a great deal of nectar for pollinators. It was rated in the top 10 for most nectar production (nectar per unit cover per year) in a UK plants survey conducted by the AgriLand project which is supported by the UK Insect Pollinators Initiative. Marsh thistle, ''Cirsium palustre'', was ranked in first place while this thistle was ranked in sixth place. It also was a top producer of nectar sugar in another study in Britain, ranked third with a production per floral unit of (2300 ± 400 μg). Description It i ...
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Cirsium Creticum
''Cirsium creticum'' is a species of plant native around the Mediterranean and Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni .... Subspecies The species has the following subspecies. * ''Cirsium creticum'' subsp. ''creticum'' * ''Cirsium creticum'' subsp. ''gaillardotii'' * ''Cirsium creticum'' subsp. ''triumfettii'' References creticum Plants described in 1822 {{Cardueae-stub ...
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Cirsium Arvense
''Cirsium arvense'' is a perennial species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, native throughout Europe and western Asia, northern Africa and widely introduced elsewhere.Joint Nature Conservation Committee''Cirsium arvense'' The standard English name in its native area is creeping thistle.Botanical Society of Britain and Irelan It is also commonly known as Canada thistle and field thistle. The plant is beneficial for pollinators that rely on nectar. It also was a top producer of nectar sugar in a 2016 study in Britain, with a second-place ranking due to a production per floral unit of (). Alternative names A number of other names are used in other areas or have been used in the past, including: Canadian thistle, lettuce from hell thistle, California thistle, corn thistle, cursed thistle, field thistle, green thistle, hard thistle, perennial thistle, prickly thistle, setose thistle, small-flowered thistle, way thistle, and stinger-needles. Canada and Canadian thistle a ...
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Cirsium Acaule
''Cirsium acaule'' or ''acaulon'' has the English name dwarf thistle or stemless thistle. It is widespread across much of Europe.Altervista Flora Italiana, Cardo nano, ''Cirsium acaule''
includes photos and European distribution map It is often found on short, calcerous grasslands.


Description

''Cirsium acaule'' is a herb. The leaves are a spreading rosette, spiny, 10 to 15 cm long. There is usually only one



Centaurea Scabiosa
''Centaurea scabiosa'', or greater knapweed, is a perennial plant of the genus ''Centaurea''. It is native to Europe and bears purple flower heads. Greater knapweed is found growing in dry grasslands, hedgerows and cliffs on lime-rich soil. Upright branched stems terminate in single thistle-like flowerheads, each having an outer ring of extended, purple-pink "ragged" bracts which form a crown around the central flowers. The plant has deeply dissected leaves which form a clump at the base. This species is very valuable to bees. It is also a magnet for many species of butterfly. Among them is the marbled white. This is the only known food plant for caterpillars of the Coleophoridae case-bearer moth '' Coleophora didymella''. ''Centaurea scabiosa'' has been used in traditional herbal healing as either a vulnerary or an emollient. The plant is sometimes confused with devils-bit scabious, however the leaves on this plant are arranged alternately, whereas in devils-bit they are opp ...
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Centaurea Cyanus
''Centaurea cyanus'', commonly known as cornflower or bachelor's button, is an annual flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to Europe. In the past, it often grew as a weed in cornfields (in the broad sense of "corn", referring to grains, such as wheat, barley, rye, or oats), hence its name. It is now endangered in its native habitat by agricultural intensification, particularly by over-use of herbicides. However, ''Centaurea cyanus'' is now also naturalised in many other parts of the world, including North America and parts of Australia through introduction as an ornamental plant in gardens and as a seed contaminant in crop seeds. Description ''Centaurea cyanus'' is an annual plant growing to 40–90 cm tall, with grey-green branched stems. The leaves are lanceolate and 1–4 cm long. The flowers are most commonly an intense blue colour and arranged in flowerheads (capitula) of 1.5–3 cm diameter, with a ring of a few large, spreading ray florets su ...
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Moth
Moths are a paraphyletic group of insects that includes all members of the order Lepidoptera that are not butterflies, with moths making up the vast majority of the order. There are thought to be approximately 160,000 species of moth, many of which have yet to be described. Most species of moth are nocturnal, but there are also crepuscular and diurnal species. Differences between butterflies and moths While the butterflies form a monophyletic group, the moths, comprising the rest of the Lepidoptera, do not. Many attempts have been made to group the superfamilies of the Lepidoptera into natural groups, most of which fail because one of the two groups is not monophyletic: Microlepidoptera and Macrolepidoptera, Heterocera and Rhopalocera, Jugatae and Frenatae, Monotrysia and Ditrysia.Scoble, MJ 1995. The Lepidoptera: Form, function and diversity. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; 404 p. Although the rules for distinguishing moths from butterflies are not well establishe ...
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