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Agency In English Law
Agency in English law is the component of UK commercial law that deals with the application of agency law in the United Kingdom, and forms a core set of rules necessary for the smooth functioning of business. In 1986, the European Communities enacted Directive 86/653/EEC on self-employed commercial agents. In the UK, this was implemented into national law in the Commercial Agents Regulations 1993. Authority An agent who acts within the scope of authority conferred by their principal binds the principal in the obligations the agent creates with third parties. There are essentially two kinds of authority recognised in the law: actual authority (whether express or implied) and apparent authority. Actual authority Actual authority can be of two kinds. Either the principal may have expressly conferred authority on the agent, or authority may be implied. Authority arises by consent, and whether it exists is a question of fact. An agent, as a general rule, is only entitled to indemnity ...
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UK Commercial Law
United Kingdom commercial law is the law which regulates the sale and purchase of goods and services, when doing business in the United Kingdom. History *Lex Mercatoria * Hanseatic league *Guild * Mercantilism * Freedom of contract *''Laissez faire'' Foundations Personal property * Real property and personal property * Ownership * Equitable ownership * Possession * Attornment *Bailment Contracts *Commercial contracts Agency In the case of ''Watteau v Fenwick'', Lord Coleridge CJ on the Queen's Bench concurred with an opinion by Wills J that a third party could hold personally liable a principal who he did know about when he sold cigars to an agent that was acting outside of its authority. Wills J held that "the principal is liable for all the acts of the agent which are within the authority usually confided to an agent of that character, notwithstanding limitations, as between the principal and the agent, put upon that authority." This decision is heavily criticised and ...
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Montgomerie V United Kingdom Mutual Steamship Association
Montgomery refers to: People For people with the name Montgomery, see Montgomery (name) Places Belgium * Montgomery Square, Brussels * Montgomery metro station, Brussels Pakistan * Montgomery (town), British India, former name of Sahiwal, Punjab * Montgomery District, an administrative district in the Lahore division of former Punjab Province of British India ** Montgomery Tahsil, an administrative subdivision of Montgomery District in Punjab province of British India United Kingdom Wales * Montgomery, Powys ** Montgomery Canal ** Montgomery Castle * Montgomeryshire (other) United States * Montgomery, Alabama, state capital * Montgomery, California * Montgomery, Georgia * Montgomery, Illinois * Montgomery, Indiana * Montgomery, Iowa * Montgomery, Kentucky * Montgomery, Louisiana * Montgomery, Massachusetts * Montgomery, Michigan * Montgomery, Minnesota * Montgomery, Mississippi * Montgomery, New York (other) * Montgomery, Ohio * Montgomery, Pennsylvania * Mont ...
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Fred Drughorn Ltd V Rederiaktiebolaget Trans-Atlantic
Fred may refer to: People * Fred (name), including a list of people and characters with the name Mononym * Fred (cartoonist) (1931–2013), pen name of Fred Othon Aristidès, French * Fred (footballer, born 1949) (1949–2022), Frederico Rodrigues de Oliveira, Brazilian * Fred (footballer, born 1979), Helbert Frederico Carreiro da Silva, Brazilian * Fred (footballer, born 1983), Frederico Chaves Guedes, Brazilian * Fred (footballer, born 1986), Frederico Burgel Xavier, Brazilian * Fred (footballer, born 1993), Frederico Rodrigues de Paula Santos, Brazilian * Fred Again (born 1993), British songwriter known as FRED Television and movies * ''Fred Claus'', a 2007 Christmas film * ''Fred'' (2014 film), a 2014 documentary film * Fred Figglehorn, a YouTube character created by Lucas Cruikshank ** ''Fred'' (franchise), a Nickelodeon media franchise ** '' Fred: The Movie'', a 2010 independent comedy film * '' Fred the Caveman'', French Teletoon production from 2002 * Fred Flintsto ...
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Yonge V Toynbee
Yonge v Toynbee 9101 KB 215 is a case in British law regarding the legal effects of a party entering a contract, and later discovered to be insane. Background The plaintiff commenced defamation action in the court against the defendant and instructed the lawyers W and Sons to act on their behalf. During these proceedings and unbeknown to their lawyers, the plaintiff was declared legally insane. As a result, the plaintiff's legal action was struck out by the court by the defendant and then sought costs from W and Sons on the basis that they had no legal authority Authority is the power to command. Authority or The Authority may also refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media *''Authority (album)'', a 2014 album by British electronic music group Client *Authority (Law & Order: Special Victims Unit), "Authorit ... to represent the plaintiff, as the plaintiff was insane, even though they had no knowledge at the time. The defendant was not legally liable for the costs because of the p ...
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Rayner V Grote
Rayner is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: *Amy Rayner (born 1977), English football referee *Angela Rayner, British Labour Party politician, trade unionist, Member of Parliament (MP) for Ashton-under-Lyne since 2015, Deputy leader of the Labour Party, Shadow First Secretary of State and Deputy leader of the Opposition since 2020 *Billy Rayner (1935–2006), Australian rugby league player *Cameron Rayner (born 1999), Australian rules footballer *Chuck Rayner (1920–2002), Canadian professional hockey player *Claire Rayner (1931–2010), British journalist and agony aunt *Dave Rayner (born 1982), American professional football player *Denys Rayner (1908–1967), British sailor, writer, and designer of small boats *Eddie Rayner (born 1952), New Zealand musician * Henry Rayner (1902–1957), Australian and British artist *Isidor Rayner (1850–1912), United States Senator *Jack Rayner (1921–2008), Australian rugby league player *Jacqueline Rayner, British author ...
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The Santa Carina
''The'' () is a grammatical article in English, denoting persons or things already mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. ''The'' is the most frequently used word in the English language; studies and analyses of texts have found it to account for seven percent of all printed English-language words. It is derived from gendered articles in Old English which combined in Middle English and now has a single form used with pronouns of any gender. The word can be used with both singular and plural nouns, and with a noun that starts with any letter. This is different from many other languages, which have different forms of the definite article for different genders or numbers. Pronunciation In most dialects, "the" is pronounced as (with the voiced dental fricative followed by a schwa) when followed by a consonant sound, and as (homophone of pronoun ''thee'') when followed by a v ...
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Bridges & Salmon Ltd V The Swan (Owner)
A bridge is a structure built to span a physical obstacle (such as a body of water, valley, road, or rail) without blocking the way underneath. It is constructed for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle, which is usually something that is otherwise difficult or impossible to cross. There are many different designs of bridges, each serving a particular purpose and applicable to different situations. Designs of bridges vary depending on factors such as the function of the bridge, the nature of the terrain where the bridge is constructed and anchored, and the material used to make it, and the funds available to build it. The earliest bridges were likely made with fallen trees and stepping stones. The Neolithic people built boardwalk bridges across marshland. The Arkadiko Bridge (dating from the 13th century BC, in the Peloponnese) is one of the oldest arch bridges still in existence and use. Etymology The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' traces the origin of the wo ...
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Universal Steam Navigation Co Ltd V James McKelvie & Co
Universal is the adjective for universe. Universal may also refer to: Companies * NBCUniversal, a media and entertainment company ** Universal Animation Studios, an American Animation studio, and a subsidiary of NBCUniversal ** Universal TV, a television channel owned by NBCUniversal ** Universal Kids, an American current television channel, formerly known as Sprout, owned by NBCUniversal ** Universal Pictures, an American film studio, and a subsidiary of NBCUniversal ** Universal Television, a television division owned by NBCUniversal Content Studios ** Universal Parks & Resorts, the theme park unit of NBCUniversal * Universal Airlines (other) * Universal Avionics, a manufacturer of flight control components * Universal Corporation, an American tobacco company * Universal Display Corporation, a manufacturer of displays * Universal Edition, a classical music publishing firm, founded in Vienna in 1901 * Universal Entertainment Corporation, a Japanese software producer and ...
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Lewis V Nicholson And Parker
Lewis may refer to: Names * Lewis (given name), including a list of people with the given name * Lewis (surname), including a list of people with the surname Music * Lewis (musician), Canadian singer * "Lewis (Mistreated)", a song by Radiohead from ''My Iron Lung'' Places * Lewis (crater), a crater on the far side of the Moon * Isle of Lewis, the northern part of Lewis and Harris, Western Isles, Scotland United States * Lewis, Colorado * Lewis, Indiana * Lewis, Iowa * Lewis, Kansas * Lewis Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts * Lewis, Missouri * Lewis, Essex County, New York * Lewis, Lewis County, New York * Lewis, North Carolina * Lewis, Vermont * Lewis, Wisconsin Ships * USS ''Lewis'' (1861), a sailing ship * USS ''Lewis'' (DE-535), a destroyer escort in commission from 1944 to 1946 Science * Lewis structure, a diagram of a molecule that shows the bonding between the atoms * Lewis acids and bases * Lewis antigen system, a human blood group system * Lewis number, a dimensionless n ...
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