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Adolph Von Carlowitz
Hans Carl Adolph von Carlowitz (25 March 1858 – 9 July 1928) served as a German army commander during the First World War. Early life Coming from an ancient noble family, Carlowitz studied rights at the Leipzig University. In 1879, he entered the Saxon army. From 1885 to 1888 Carlowitz studied at the Prussian military academy in Berlin and afterwards served on the Imperial German General Staff. By 1913, he had become Lieutenant general and in May 1914, he succeeded Max von Hausen as Minister of War of the Kingdom of Saxony. First World War Upon mobilization in August 1914, Carlowitz received command of the German XXVII Reserve Corps as a General of the Infantry. His Corps participated in the First Battle of Ypres, in which Carlowitz, without any previous battle experience, couldn't handle the stress. On 27 October he was relieved of command and sent on sick leave. One month later he returned to service as commander of the 12th Reserve Division. In August 1915, he was sent to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Riesa
Riesa is a town in the district of Meißen in Saxony, Germany. It is located on the river Elbe, approximately northwest of Dresden. History The name ''Riesa'' is derived from Slavic ''Riezowe''. This name, romanised as "Rezoa", appears first in October 1119 in a document from Pope Callixtus II. The world's first 110 kV power line was installed between Riesa and Lauchhammer in 1912. Between 1952 and 1994, Riesa was the seat of a district. During the 1980s, Riesa was the headquarters of the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany's 9th Tank Division. Population history The town grew from the start of the 20th century due to industrialisation. The population declined after German Reunification in 1989. The local steel works shut and the population fell from 52,000 to 31,000. Sights Riesa has a 25 m tall, 234 tonne, cast-iron (GGG 40) sculpture of an oak trunk, named ''Elbquelle'', which means source of the Elbe, by Jörg Immendorff, erected in 1999. Local folk cal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Order Of St
A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. It is typically authorized and maintained by a sovereign state, with its members identifiable by their distinct military uniform. It may consist of one or more military branches such as an army, navy, air force, space force, marines, or coast guard. The main task of the military is usually defined as defence of the state and its interests against external armed threats. In broad usage, the terms ''armed forces'' and ''military'' are often treated as synonymous, although in technical usage a distinction is sometimes made in which a country's armed forces may include both its military and other paramilitary forces. There are various forms of irregular military forces, not belonging to a recognized state; though they share many attributes with regular military forces, they are less often referred to as simply ''military''. A nation's military may ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Esther Von Kirchbach
Esther von Kirchbach, (née von Carlowitz; 26 May 1894 – 19 February 1946) was a German journalist, poet and chaplain of the Confessing Church. Personal life Esther was the eldest daughter of four children of Adolph von Carlowitz, Saxonian officer and later War Minister. At the beginning of the First World War, shortly before she graduated, she married Graf Georg zu Münster ("Count George of Munster"), who died of war injuries two years later. As a young widow with a child, she home-studied Mathematics, German, Philosophy and History in Marburg and Leipzig. In 1921 she married theologian Arndt von Kirchbach, a priest with two children from a previous marriage. Together the couple had six children. As head of Protestant youth work, as ''Hofprediger'' of the ''Sophienkirche'' and as Superintendent of Freiburg, von Kirchbach was heavily involved in the Church. Together, the von Kirchbachs wrote articles, essays and letters and gave lectures addressing the status of women in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nordfriedhof (Dresden)
The Nordfriedhof ("Northern Cemetery") in Dresden is the former military cemetery of the capital of Saxony, now used as a public cemetery. The Nordfriedhof is in the district of Albertstadt and is situated to the north-east of the inner city, near the south-western edge of the Dresdner Heide. Near the cemetery grounds of about 4 hectares, accessible via the Marienallee as well as the Kannenhenkelweg, are the Army Officer School and the Cemetery of the Soviet Garrison of Dresden (''Sowjetischer Garnisonfriedhof Dresden''). It was established in 1900 as the "Garrison Cemetery" (''Garnisonfriedhof'') to deal with the fatalities from the nearby military hospital and was subsequently enlarged. After the end of World War II it was turned into a civilian cemetery and renamed. History As a consequence of the Franco-Prussian War the Saxon Army was modernised. As part of the reorganisation large barracks were built in the 1870s in the Albertstadt to plans by the Kingdom of Saxony M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fourth Army (United Kingdom)
The Fourth Army was a field army that formed part of the British Expeditionary Force during the First World War. The Fourth Army was formed on 5 February 1916 under the command of General Sir Henry Rawlinson to carry out the main British contribution to the Battle of the Somme. First World War History The Fourth Army was formed in France on 5 February 1916, under the command of Sir Henry Rawlinson. It was created in preparation for the Battle of the Somme after the French Tenth Army was transferred to the Battle of Verdun. On the first day on the Somme, eleven Fourth Army divisions (from XIII Corps, XV Corps, III Corps, X Corps and VIII Corps) attacked astride the Albert–Bapaume road. The attack was completely defeated on the northern sector, so subsequent Fourth Army operations concentrated on the southern sector, handing control of the northern sector to the Reserve Army. The plan for the Fourth Army during the Third Battle of Ypres (31 July – 10 November 1917), was t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
XIX (2nd Royal Saxon) Corps
The XIX (2nd Royal Saxon) Army Corps / XIX AK (german: XIX. (II. Königlich Sächsisches) Armee-Korps) was a Kingdom of Saxony, Saxon corps level command of the German Empire, German German Army (German Empire), Army, before and during World War I. As the German Army expanded in the latter part of the 19th century and early part of the 20th century, the XIX Army Corps was set up on 1 April 1899 in Leipzig as the ''Generalkommando'' (headquarters) for the western part of the Kingdom of Saxony (districts of Leipzig, Chemnitz and Zwickau). It took over command of 24th Division (German Empire), 24th (2nd Royal Saxon) Division from XII (1st Royal Saxon) Corps and the newly formed 40th Division (German Empire), 40th (4th Royal Saxon) Division. It was assigned to the German Army (German Empire)#Army inspectorate, II Army Inspectorate which formed the predominantly Saxon 3rd Army (German Empire), 3rd Army at the start of the First World War. It was still in existence at the end of the wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
III Reserve Corps (German Empire)
The III Reserve Corps (german: III. Reserve-Korps / III RK) was a corps level command of the German Army in World War I. Formation III Reserve Corps was formed on the outbreak of the war in August 1914 as part of the mobilisation of the Army. It was initially commanded by General der Infanterie Hans von Beseler, recalled from retirement. It was still in existence at the end of the war. Structure on formation On formation in August 1914, III Reserve Corps consisted of two divisions, made up of reserve units. In general, Reserve Corps and Reserve Divisions were weaker than their active counterparts :Reserve Infantry Regiments did not always have three battalions nor necessarily contain a machine gun company :Reserve Jäger Battalions did not have a machine gun company on formation :Reserve Cavalry Regiments consisted of just three squadrons :Reserve Field Artillery Regiments usually consisted of two ''abteilungen'' of three batteries each :Corps Troops generally consisted ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
12th Reserve Division (German Empire)
12th Reserve Division (''12. Reserve-Division'') was a unit of the Imperial German Army in World War I. The division was formed on mobilization of the German Army in August 1914 as part of VI Reserve Corps. The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I. The division was recruited in the Province of Silesia, mainly Upper Silesia. Combat chronicle The 12th Reserve Division fought on the Western Front, participating in the opening German offensive which led to the Allied Great Retreat. Thereafter, the division remained in the line in the Verdun region until February 1916, when it entered the Battle of Verdun. The division later fought in the Battle of the Somme The Battle of the Somme (French: Bataille de la Somme), also known as the Somme offensive, was a battle of the First World War fought by the armies of the British Empire and French Third Republic against the German Empire. It took place be .... It remained i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
XXVII Reserve Corps (German Empire)
The XXVII Reserve Corps (german: XXVII. Reserve-Korps / XXVII RK) was a corps-level command of the German army during World War I. Formation XXVII Reserve Corps was formed in October 1914. It was part of the first wave of new Corps formed at the outset of World War I consisting of XXII - XXVII Reserve Corps of 43rd - 54th Reserve Divisions (plus 6th Bavarian Reserve Division). The personnel was predominantly made up of ''kriegsfreiwillige'' (wartime volunteers) who did not wait to be called up. It was still in existence at the end of the war. Structure on formation On formation in October 1914, XXVII Reserve Corps consisted of two divisions. but was weaker than an Active Corps *Reserve Infantry Regiments consisted of three battalions but only had a machine gun platoon (of 2 machine guns) rather than a machine gun company (of 6 machine guns) *Reserve Jäger Battalions did not have a machine gun company on formation, though some were provided with a machine gun platoon *Res ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Max Von Hausen
Max Clemens Lothar Freiherr von Hausen (December 17, 1846 – March 19, 1922) was a German army commander. He participated in the Austro-Prussian and Franco-German Wars and became ''Generaloberst'' of Saxon troops and War Minister in the Kingdom of Saxony. At the beginning of the First World War, he was the head of the Third Army which he led during the Battles of the Frontiers, Charleroi, and the Marne. He was relieved of his command because of illness in September 1914. Early life Coming from a military family Hausen entered the Saxon army as a cadet in the royal Saxon school of cadets. Being promoted to Seconde-Lieutenant in 1864 he joined the 3rd Jäger Battalion and served against Prussia in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866; where he saw action at the Battle of Königgrätz. After that war, Saxony allied with Prussia and became a part of the German Empire when it was created in 1871. From 1871 to 1874 Hausen taught at the Prussian military academy in Berlin and from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lieutenant General
Lieutenant general (Lt Gen, LTG and similar) is a three-star military rank (NATO code OF-8) used in many countries. The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages, where the title of lieutenant general was held by the second-in-command on the battlefield, who was normally subordinate to a captain general. In modern armies, lieutenant general normally ranks immediately below general and above major general; it is equivalent to the navy rank of vice admiral, and in air forces with a separate rank structure, it is equivalent to air marshal. A lieutenant general commands an army corps, made up of typically three army divisions, and consisting of around 60 000 to 70 000 soldiers (U.S.). The seeming incongruity that a lieutenant general outranks a major general (whereas a major outranks a lieutenant) is due to the derivation of major general from sergeant major general, which was a rank subordinate to lieutenant general (as a lieutenant outranks a sergeant major). In contras ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berlin
Berlin ( , ) is the capital and List of cities in Germany by population, largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits, most populous city, according to population within city limits. One of Germany's States of Germany, sixteen constituent states, Berlin is surrounded by the Brandenburg, State of Brandenburg and contiguous with Potsdam, Brandenburg's capital. Berlin's urban area, which has a population of around 4.5 million, is the second most populous urban area in Germany after the Ruhr. The Berlin/Brandenburg Metropolitan Region, Berlin-Brandenburg capital region has around 6.2 million inhabitants and is Metropolitan regions in Germany, Germany's third-largest metropolitan region after the Rhine-Ruhr and Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Rhine-Main regions. Berlin straddles the banks of the Spree (river), Spree, which flows into the Havel (a tributary of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
