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Acropyga Exsanguis
''Acropyga exsanguis'' is a species of ant in the subfamily Formicinae. It lives in underground nests in Mexico, Central and South America.LaPolla, J.S. 2004a. ''Acropyga'' of the world. Contributions of the American Entomological Institute. 33(3) p.47 Description Over 450 ant species have been collected at La Selva Biological Station in Costa Rica, including several species of '' Acropyga''. These are small, stocky ants less than long, and ''A. exsanguis'' is not easy to distinguish from related species. The dorsal surface is rather more densely covered in short hairs than is the case with '' Acropyga keira'', another species found at La Selva. Distribution and habitat This neotropical ant is known from Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela and Argentina. It occurs at altitudes up to about , typical habitats including wet or moist lowland rainforest, mesophyll forest and montane wet forest. It lives in colonies underground ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Morton Wheeler
William Morton Wheeler (March 19, 1865 – April 19, 1937) was an American entomologist, myrmecologist and Harvard professor. Biography Early life and education William Morton Wheeler was born on March 19, 1865, to parents Julius Morton Wheeler and Caroline Georgiana Wheeler ( Anderson) in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. At a young age, Wheeler had an interest in natural history, first being when he observed a moth ensnared in a spiders web; such observation interested Wheeler that he became importunate for more nature lore. Wheeler attended public school, but, due to "persistently bad behavior", he was transferred to a local University School of Milwaukee, German academy which was known for its extreme discipline. After he completed his courses in the German academy, he attended a German normal school. In both institutions, Wheeler was trained in a variety of subjects: he was given training in languages, philosophy and science. By this time, he could read fluently in French, German, Greek, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Formicinae
The Formicinae are a subfamily within the Formicidae containing ants of moderate evolutionary development. Formicines retain some primitive features, such as the presence of cocoons around pupae, the presence of ocelli in workers, and little tendency toward reduction of palp or antennal segmentation in most species, except subterranean groups. Extreme modification of mandibles is rare, except in the genera ''Myrmoteras'' and ''Polyergus''. However, some members show considerable evolutionary advancement in behaviors such as slave-making and symbiosis with root-feeding hemipterans. Finally, all formicines have very reduced stings and enlarged venom reservoirs, with the venom gland, specialized (uniquely among ants) for the production of formic acid. All members of the Formicinae "have a one-segmented petiole in the form of a vertical scale". Identification Formicine ants have a single node-like or scale-like petiole (postpetiole entirely lacking) and the apex of the abdom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
La Selva Biological Station
La Selva Biological Station is a protected area encompassing 1,536 ha of low-land tropical rain forest in northeastern Costa Rica. It is owned and operated by the Organization for Tropical Studies,Matlock, R., & Hartshorn, G. (1999). La selva biological station (OTS). Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America, 188-193. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/20168346 a consortium of universities and research institutions from the United States, Costa Rica, and Puerto Rico.Moorman, R. (2006). Benefits of local residents visiting La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica. Environmental Conservation, 88-99 Recognized internationally as one of the most productive field stations in the world for tropical forest research and peer-reviewed publications, La Selva hosts approximately 300 scientists and 100 university courses every year. The primary goal of La Selva Biological Station is to preserve and protect an intact forest, as well as providing laboratory facilities for tropical r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acropyga
''Acropyga'' is a genus of small formicine ants. Some species can be indirect pests. '' A. acutiventris'', which is found from India to Australia, tends subterranean, root-feeding mealybugs of the species '' Xenococcus annandalei''. Living, gravid females are carried in the jaws of ''A. acutiventris'' queens during their nuptial flight, to establish the symbiotic association in founding colonies. Other ''Acropyga'' species have relationships with different species of mealybugs, and it could be a trait common to the whole genus. Description ''Acropyga'' are smaller than , with a compact, stocky body. They have antennae with 10 or 11 segments (including the scape), short palps and reduced eyes with four to 30 individual ommatidia. In some species, the eyes are completely absent. Distribution ''Acropyga'' is found in the Americas, southern Africa, India to Southeast Asia and Australia. ''A. paleartica'' is known only from Greece. Fossil specimens of ''Acropyga '' have been rec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acropyga Keira
''Acropyga'' is a genus of small formicine ants. Some species can be indirect pests. '' A. acutiventris'', which is found from India to Australia, tends subterranean, root-feeding mealybugs of the species '' Xenococcus annandalei''. Living, gravid females are carried in the jaws of ''A. acutiventris'' queens during their nuptial flight, to establish the symbiotic association in founding colonies. Other ''Acropyga'' species have relationships with different species of mealybugs, and it could be a trait common to the whole genus. Description ''Acropyga'' are smaller than , with a compact, stocky body. They have antennae with 10 or 11 segments (including the scape), short palps and reduced eyes with four to 30 individual ommatidia. In some species, the eyes are completely absent. Distribution ''Acropyga'' is found in the Americas, southern Africa, India to Southeast Asia and Australia. ''A. paleartica'' is known only from Greece. Fossil specimens of ''Acropyga '' have been re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Symbiosis
Symbiosis (from Greek , , "living together", from , , "together", and , bíōsis, "living") is any type of a close and long-term biological interaction between two different biological organisms, be it mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic. The organisms, each termed a symbiont, must be of different species. In 1879, Heinrich Anton de Bary defined it as "the living together of unlike organisms". The term was subject to a century-long debate about whether it should specifically denote mutualism, as in lichens. Biologists have now abandoned that restriction. Symbiosis can be obligatory, which means that one or more of the symbionts depend on each other for survival, or facultative (optional), when they can generally live independently. Symbiosis is also classified by physical attachment. When symbionts form a single body it is called conjunctive symbiosis, while all other arrangements are called disjunctive symbiosis."symbiosis." Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mealybug
Mealybugs are insects in the family (biology), family Pseudococcidae, unarmored scale insects found in moist, warm habitats. Many species are considered pest (animal), pests as they feed on plant juices of greenhouse plants, house plants and subtropical trees and also act as a vector (epidemiology), vector for several plant diseases. Some ants live in symbiotic Ant#Relationships with other organisms, relationships with them, protecting them from predators and feeding off the Honeydew (secretion), honeydew which they excrete. Description Mealybugs are Sexual dimorphism, sexually dimorphic: females appear as nymphs, exhibiting reduced morphology, and lack wings, although unlike many female scale insects, they often retain legs and can move. Males are smaller, gnat-like and have wings. Since mealybugs (as well as all other Hemiptera) are hemimetabolous insects, they do not undergo complete metamorphosis in the true sense of the word. However, male mealybugs do exhibit a radical cha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Honeydew (secretion)
Honeydew is a sugar-rich sticky liquid, secreted by aphids and some scale insects as they feed on plant sap. When their mouthpart penetrates the phloem, the sugary, high-pressure liquid is forced out of the anus of the aphid. Honeydew is particularly common as a secretion in hemipteran insects and is often the basis for trophobiosis. Some caterpillars of Lycaenidae butterflies and some moths also produce honeydew. Honeydew producing insects, like cicadas, pierce phloem ducts to access the sugar rich sap. The sap continues to bleed after the insects have moved on, leaving a white sugar crust called manna. Ants may collect, or "milk", honeydew directly from aphids and other honeydew producers, which benefit from their presence due to their driving away predators such as lady beetles or parasitic wasps—see ''Crematogaster peringueyi''. Animals and plants in a mutually symbiotic arrangement with ants are called Myrmecophiles. In Madagascar, some gecko species in the genera ''Ph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geococcus Coffeae
''Geococcus coffeae'' is a species in the mealybug family, Pseudococcidae, commonly known as the coffee root mealybug, or brown scale. It lives underground where it inserts its mouthparts into roots and sucks the sap. Description The adult female mealybug is an elongated oval shape, and grows to a length of . It is pure white except for the reddish-brown anal lobes, which are tipped by prominent blunt hooks. A smaller pair of chitinized hooks is located centrally on the last abdominal segment. Distribution ''Geococcus coffeae'' was first described by the British mycologist and entomologist Edward Ernest Green, growing on the roots of the coffee plant, ''Coffea liberica'', in Suriname. It is also known from Cuba, Costa Rica, Honduras, Dominican Republic, Panama, Guatemala, Colombia and Brazil, Ghana, Nigeria, Uganda and Zanzibar, India, the Philippines and Hawaii. It was first detected in Florida in 1958, growing on ornamental pot plants, '' Dieffenbachia'' and ''Philodendron bip ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhizoecus Coffeae
''Rhizoecus'' is a genus of true bugs belonging to the family Pseudococcidae. The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution In biogeography, cosmopolitan distribution is the term for the range of a taxon that extends across all or most of the world in appropriate habitats. Such a taxon, usually a species, is said to exhibit cosmopolitanism or cosmopolitism. The ext .... Species: * '' Rhizoecus advenoides'' Takagi & Kawai, 1971 * '' Rhizoecus albidus'' Goux, 1942 References {{Taxonbar, from=Q10652896 Pseudococcidae Sternorrhyncha genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhizoecus Caladii
''Rhizoecus'' is a genus of true bugs belonging to the family Pseudococcidae. The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution In biogeography, cosmopolitan distribution is the term for the range of a taxon that extends across all or most of the world in appropriate habitats. Such a taxon, usually a species, is said to exhibit cosmopolitanism or cosmopolitism. The ext .... Species: * '' Rhizoecus advenoides'' Takagi & Kawai, 1971 * '' Rhizoecus albidus'' Goux, 1942 References {{Taxonbar, from=Q10652896 Pseudococcidae Sternorrhyncha genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
