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Acheson Report
The Acheson Report, fully titled the Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health Report, was a report published in 1998 by a United Kingdom inquiry headed by Donald Acheson. (Disambiguation: another report, ''"Public health in England: The Report of the Committee of Inquiry into the Future Development to the Public Health Function"'', which played a crucial role in the organisation of the public health function in England, is sometimes also referred to as ''the Acheson Report''.) Content Like earlier reports on health disparities in the United Kingdom including the Black Report and the Whitehall Study, the Acheson report demonstrates the existence of health disparities and their relationship to social class. Among the report's findings are that despite an overall downward trend in mortality from 1970 to 1990, the upper social classes experienced a more rapid mortality decline. The report contains 39 policy suggestions in areas ranging from taxation to agriculture, for amelior ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Donald Acheson
Sir Ernest Donald Acheson (17 September 1926 – 10 January 2010) was a British physician and epidemiologist who served as Chief Medical Officer of the United Kingdom from 1983 to 1991. He was born in Belfast, Northern Ireland. Early life Ernest Donald Acheson was born in Belfast on 17 September 1926. His father, Captain Malcolm King Acheson, MC, MD, was a doctor who specialised in public health, and his mother, Dorothy Josephine (née Rennoldson), was the daughter of a Tyneside ship builder. He was educated at Merchiston Castle School, Brasenose College, Oxford ( MA, DM, Fellow 1968, Honorary Fellow 1991). His elder brother, Roy Acheson (also Merchiston and Brasenose alumnus), is Emeritus Professor of Community Medicine in the University of Cambridge and Fellow of Churchill College. Career Acheson studied medicine at the Middlesex Hospital, where he was a Broderip scholar. Having qualified in 1951, he practised at Middlesex Hospital and then entered the Royal Air Fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Health Disparities
Health equity arises from access to the social determinants of health, specifically from wealth, power and prestige. Individuals who have consistently been deprived of these three determinants are significantly disadvantaged from health inequities, and face worse health outcomes than those who are able to access certain resources. It is not equity to simply provide every individual with the same resources; that would be equality. In order to achieve health equity, resources must be allocated based on an individual need-based principle. According to the World Health Organization, "Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity". The quality of health and how health is distributed among economic and social status in a society can provide insight into the level of development within that society. Health is a basic human right and human need, and all human rights are interconnected. Thus, health must be discusse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Black Report
The Black Report was a 1980 document published by the Department of Health and Social Security (now the Department of Health and Social Care) in the United Kingdom, which was the report of the expert committee into health inequality chaired by Sir Douglas Black. It was demonstrated that although overall health had improved since the introduction of the welfare state, there were widespread health inequalities. It also found that the main cause of these inequalities was economic inequality. The report showed that the death rate for men in social class V was twice that for men in social class I and that gap between the two was increasing, not reducing as was expected. Commissioning The Black report was commissioned in March 1977 by David Ennals, Labour Secretary of State, following publication of a two-page article by Richard G. Wilkinson in New Society, on 16 December 1976, entitled Dear David Ennals'' The report was nearly ready for publication in early 1979. In the General El ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Whitehall Study
The Whitehall Studies investigated social determinants of health, specifically the cardiovascular disease prevalence and mortality rates among British civil servants. The initial prospective cohort study, the Whitehall I Study, examined over 17,500 male civil servants between the ages of 20 and 64, and was conducted over a period of ten years, beginning in 1967. A second cohort study, the Whitehall II Study, was conducted from 1985 to 1988 and examined the health of 10,308 civil servants aged 35 to 55, of whom two thirds were men and one third women. A long-term follow-up of study subjects from the first two phases is ongoing. The studies, named after the Whitehall area of London and originally led by Michael Marmot, found a strong association between grade levels of civil servant employment and mortality rates from a range of causes: the lower the grade, the higher the mortality rate. Men in the lowest grade (messengers, doorkeepers, etc.) had a mortality rate three times higher ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
A Contract For Health
A, or a, is the first letter and the first vowel of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''a'' (pronounced ), plural ''aes''. It is similar in shape to the Ancient Greek letter alpha, from which it derives. The uppercase version consists of the two slanting sides of a triangle, crossed in the middle by a horizontal bar. The lowercase version can be written in two forms: the double-storey a and single-storey ɑ. The latter is commonly used in handwriting and fonts based on it, especially fonts intended to be read by children, and is also found in italic type. In English grammar, " a", and its variant " an", are indefinite articles. History The earliest certain ancestor of "A" is aleph (also written 'aleph), the first letter of the Phoenician alphabet, which consisted entirely of consonants (for that reason, it is also called an abjad to distinguish it fro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Our Healthier Nation
{{Disambiguation, geo ...
Our or OUR may refer to: * The possessive form of " we" * Our (river), in Belgium, Luxembourg, and Germany * Our, Belgium, a village in Belgium * Our, Jura, a commune in France * Office of Utilities Regulation (OUR), a government utility regulator in Jamaica * Operation Underground Railroad, a non-profit organization that helps rescue sex trafficking victims * Operation Unified Response, the United States military's response to the 2010 Haiti earthquake * Ownership, Unity and Responsibility Party, a political party in the Solomon Islands See also * Ours (other) One Union of Regional Staff (OURS) was a trade union in the United Kingdom. The union was formed in early 2010 by the merger of the Derbyshire Group Staff Union and the Cheshire Group Staff Union. It organises former Derbyshire Building Societ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Barker (epidemiologist)
David James Purslove Barker (29 June 1938 – 27 August 2013) was an English physician and epidemiologist and originator of the Barker Hypothesis that foetal and early infant conditions have a permanent conditioning effect on the body's metabolism and chronic conditions later in life.Cooper C (2013David Barker 1938–2013 Nature 502(7471), 304.Pincock S (2013David Barker The Lancet 382(9899), 1170. He was born in London the son of Hugh Barker, an engineer, and Joye, a concert cellist. At Oundle School, he developed an interest in Natural History and was given special access to the biology classrooms to study his finds. The Natural History Museum later asked him to mount an expedition to collect plant specimens from the Icelandic offshore island of Grimsey.Cooper C (2013David Barker Obituary The Guardian Wednesday 11 September 2013. He studied medicine at Guy's Hospital, London, but maintained his interest in Natural History, and had his first paper published in Nature in 196 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hilary Graham
Hilary Mavis Graham, (born 1950) is a British sociologist and social policy academic, who specialises in public health. Since 2005, she has been Professor of Health Sciences at the University of York. She previously lectured at the University of Bradford, the Open University, Coventry Polytechnic, the University of Warwick, and Lancaster University. Early life and education In 1968, Graham matriculated into the University of York to study sociology. She then completed Bachelor of Arts (BA), Master of Arts (MA), and Doctor of Philosophy (DPhil) degrees. Her doctoral thesis, which was completed in 1980, was titled "Having a baby: women's experiences of pregnancy, childbirth and early motherhood". Academic career Graham began her academic career as a lecturer in social policy at the University of Bradford. She then moved to the Open University, where she was a researcher in the Faculty of Social Sciences. In the 1980s, she joined Coventry Polytechnic as Head of its Applie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michael Marmot
Sir Michael Gideon Marmot (born 26 February 1945) is Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health at University College London. He is currently the Director of The UCL Institute of Health Equity. Marmot has led research groups on health inequalities for over thirty years, working for various international and governmental bodies. Early life and education Marmot was born in London on 26 January 1945. When he was a young child, his family moved to Sydney in Australia,Michael Marmot interviewed by Kirsty Young on BBC 6 July 2014 where he attended |
Margaret Whitehead
Dame Margaret McRae Whitehead (born 28 September 1948) holds the W.H. Duncan chair in Public Health at the University of Liverpool. She heads the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Policy Research on the Social Determinants of Health. Whitehead has published extensively on the effects of social equality on health and also the social consequences of chronic ill health. She has advised on government policy and has written reports for the WHO on tackling inequalities in health. She is also an associate editor for the Cochrane Public Health Review Group since 2008 and has a visiting Professorship at the Karolinska Institute. Honours Whitehead was appointed Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) in the 2016 New Year Honours The New Year Honours 2016 were appointments by some of the 16 Commonwealth realms to various orders and honours to recognise and reward good works by citizens of those countries. The New Year Honours are awarded as part of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Health Action Zone
Health, according to the World Health Organization, is "a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity".World Health Organization. (2006)''Constitution of the World Health Organization''– ''Basic Documents'', Forty-fifth edition, Supplement, October 2006. A variety of definitions have been used for different purposes over time. Health can be promoted by encouraging healthful activities, such as regular physical exercise and adequate sleep, and by reducing or avoiding unhealthful activities or situations, such as smoking or excessive stress. Some factors affecting health are due to individual choices, such as whether to engage in a high-risk behavior, while others are due to structural causes, such as whether the society is arranged in a way that makes it easier or harder for people to get necessary healthcare services. Still, other factors are beyond both individual and group choices, such as genetic disorders. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Deal For Communities
New Deal for Communities was a regeneration programme led by the government of the United Kingdom for some of the England's most deprived neighbourhoods. The programme was established by Tony Blair's Labour Government and was overseen by the Neighbourhood Renewal Unit within the Department for Communities and Local Government. Local NDC Partnerships Local NDC partnerships were established for each regeneration area to ensure that change was community led. Initially in 1998, 17 local partnerships were announced, later increased in 1999 with the establishment of a second round of 22 partnerships, increasing the total number to 39. Round 1 local partnerships In 1998 local partnerships were agreed for the following local authority areas: * Birmingham (covering the Kings Norton area) * Bradford (covering the (Little Horton, Marshfield and West Bowling areas) * Brighton (covering the East Brighton area) * Bristol (covering the Barton Hill area) * Hackney (covering the Shoreditch area ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
