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Aceria Guerreronis
''Aceria guerreronis'', the coconut mite, is an eriophyid mite which infests coconut plantations. It is economically devastating, and can destroy up to 60% of coconut production. The immature nuts are infested and injured by mites feeding in the portion covered by the perianth of the immature nut. Description The coconut mite is small, with a length of about and a width of ; this is too small to see with the naked eye. The mite is white and translucent, long and slender, with two pairs of legs. Populations build up rapidly, and the presence of this mite is generally indicated by the damage it does, and confirmed microscopically. Distribution ''Aceria guerreronis'' was first described by Hartford H Keifer in 1965 from Mexico, but it is unclear whether it originated from the Old or New World. The coconut palm originated in the South Pacific region and spread along the coasts of Asia, and later Africa. It was introduced into the Americas by traders in the sixteenth century, but ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eriophyid
Eriophyidae is a family of more than 200 genera of mites, which live as plant parasites, commonly causing galls or other damage to the plant tissues and hence known as gall mites. About 3,600 species have been described, but this is probably less than 10% of the actual number existing in this poorly researched family. They are microscopic mites and are yellow to pinkish white to purplish in color. The mites are worm like, and have only two pairs of legs. Their primary method of population spread is by wind. They affect a wide range of plants, and several are major pest species causing substantial economic damage to crops. Some species, however, are used as biological agents to control weeds and invasive plant species. Notable species Notable species in this family include: *'' Abacarus hystrix'', the cereal rust mite *'' Abacarus sacchari'', the sugarcane rust mite *'' Acalitus essigi'', the redberry mite, which affects blackberries *''Aceria chondrillae'', the chondrilla ga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eriophyidae
Eriophyidae is a family of more than 200 genera of mites, which live as plant parasites, commonly causing galls or other damage to the plant tissues and hence known as gall mites. About 3,600 species have been described, but this is probably less than 10% of the actual number existing in this poorly researched family. They are microscopic mites and are yellow to pinkish white to purplish in color. The mites are worm like, and have only two pairs of legs. Their primary method of population spread is by wind. They affect a wide range of plants, and several are major pest species causing substantial economic damage to crops. Some species, however, are used as biological agents to control weeds and invasive plant species. Notable species Notable species in this family include: *''Abacarus hystrix'', the cereal rust mite *'' Abacarus sacchari'', the sugarcane rust mite *''Acalitus essigi'', the redberry mite, which affects blackberries *'' Aceria chondrillae'', the chondrilla gall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hartford H Keifer
Hartford Hammond Keifer (24 January 1902 – 20 August 1986) was a world authority on eriophyid mites. Based in California, he initially studied the local microlepidoptera before turning to mites in 1937. Personal life Keifer was born 1902 in Oroville, California, to John McCarl Keifer (1861–1928) and Elizabeth Burt (née Leggett; 1863–1922). As a child he had an interest in natural history and insects, and was encouraged by an aunt, Dr. Cordelia Burt Leggett. From 1920 to 1924, he attended the University of California, Berkeley and gained a Bachelor of Science degree in entomology. He married Mary Isabelle (née Ost; 1906–1990) in August 1928 and moved to Sacramento to work at the California State Department of Agriculture. Biography After graduation, Keifer worked for the Forest Service before accepting a position as an assistant to the curator at the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco where he mounted and labelled a backlog of material. In 1925 he joined t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arachnids Of North America
Arachnida () is a class of joint-legged invertebrate animals (arthropods), in the subphylum Chelicerata. Arachnida includes, among others, spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites, pseudoscorpions, harvestmen, camel spiders, whip spiders and vinegaroons. Almost all adult arachnids have eight legs, although the front pair of legs in some species has converted to a sensory function, while in other species, different appendages can grow large enough to take on the appearance of extra pairs of legs. The term is derived from the Greek word (''aráchnē'', 'spider'), from the myth of the hubristic human weaver Arachne, who was turned into a spider. Almost all extant arachnids are terrestrial, living mainly on land. However, some inhabit freshwater environments and, with the exception of the pelagic zone, marine environments as well. They comprise over 100,000 named species, of which 47,000 are species of spiders. Morphology Almost all adult arachnids have eight legs, unlike adu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Animals Described In 1965
Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the biological kingdom Animalia. With few exceptions, animals consume organic material, breathe oxygen, are able to move, can reproduce sexually, and go through an ontogenetic stage in which their body consists of a hollow sphere of cells, the blastula, during embryonic development. Over 1.5 million living animal species have been described—of which around 1 million are insects—but it has been estimated there are over 7 million animal species in total. Animals range in length from to . They have complex interactions with each other and their environments, forming intricate food webs. The scientific study of animals is known as zoology. Most living animal species are in Bilateria, a clade whose members have a bilaterally symmetric body plan. The Bilateria include the protostomes, containing animals such as nematodes, arthropods, flatworms, annelids and molluscs, and the deuterostomes, containing the echino ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agricultural Pest Mites
Agriculture or farming is the practice of cultivating plants and livestock. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people to live in cities. The history of agriculture began thousands of years ago. After gathering wild grains beginning at least 105,000 years ago, nascent farmers began to plant them around 11,500 years ago. Sheep, goats, pigs and cattle were domesticated over 10,000 years ago. Plants were independently cultivated in at least 11 regions of the world. Industrial agriculture based on large-scale monoculture in the twentieth century came to dominate agricultural output, though about 2 billion people still depended on subsistence agriculture. The major agricultural products can be broadly grouped into foods, fibers, fuels, and raw materials (such as rubber). Food classes include cereals (grains), vegetables, fruits, cooking oils, meat, milk, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coconuts Injured By Eriophyes Guerreronis
The coconut tree (''Cocos nucifera'') is a member of the palm tree family ( Arecaceae) and the only living species of the genus ''Cocos''. The term "coconut" (or the archaic "cocoanut") can refer to the whole coconut palm, the seed, or the fruit, which botanically is a drupe, not a nut. The name comes from the old Portuguese word '' coco'', meaning "head" or "skull", after the three indentations on the coconut shell that resemble facial features. They are ubiquitous in coastal tropical regions and are a cultural icon of the tropics. The coconut tree provides food, fuel, cosmetics, folk medicine and building materials, among many other uses. The inner flesh of the mature seed, as well as the coconut milk extracted from it, form a regular part of the diets of many people in the tropics and subtropics. Coconuts are distinct from other fruits because their endosperm contains a large quantity of clear liquid, called ''coconut water'' or ''coconut juice''. Mature, ripe coconut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phoresy
Phoresis or phoresy is a non-permanent, commensalistic interaction in which one organism (a phoront or phoretic) attaches itself to another (the host) solely for the purpose of travel. Phoresis has been observed directly in ticks and mites since the 18th century, and indirectly in fossils 320 million years old. It is not restricted to arthropods or animals; plants with seeds that disperse by attaching themselves to animals are also considered to be phoretic. ''Phoresis'' is rooted in the Greek words ''phoras'' (bearing) and ''phor'' (thief). The term, originally defined in 1896 as a relationship in which the host acts as a vehicle for its passenger, clashed with other terminology being developed at the time, so constraints on the length of time, feeding and ontogeny are now considered. Phoresis is used as a strategy for dispersal, seasonal migration, transport to new host/habitat escaping ephemeral habitats, and reducing inbreeding depression. In addition to the bene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Perianth
The perianth (perigonium, perigon or perigone in monocots) is the non-reproductive part of the flower, and structure that forms an envelope surrounding the sexual organs, consisting of the calyx (sepals) and the corolla ( petals) or tepals when called a perigone. The term ''perianth'' is derived from Greek περί (, "around") and άνθος (, "flower"), while ''perigonium'' is derived from περί () and γόνος (, "seed, sex organs"). In the mosses and liverworts (Marchantiophyta), the perianth is the sterile tubelike tissue that surrounds the female reproductive structure (or developing sporophyte). Flowering plants In flowering plants, the perianth may be described as being either dichlamydeous/heterochlamydeous in which the calyx and corolla are clearly separate, or homochlamydeous, in which they are indistinguishable (and the sepals and petals are collectively referred to as tepals). When the perianth is in two whorls, it is described as biseriate. While t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Syagrus Romanzoffiana
''Syagrus romanzoffiana'', the queen palm or cocos palm, is a palm native to South America, introduced throughout the world as a popular ornamental garden tree. ''S. romanzoffiana'' is a medium-sized palm, quickly reaching maturity at a height of up to tall, with pinnate leaves having as many as 494 pinnae ( leaflets), although more typically around 300, each pinna being around in length and in width. Etymology Named after Nikolay Rumyantsev (1754–1826), who was Russia's Foreign Minister and Imperial Chancellor and notable patron of the Russian voyages of exploration. He sponsored the first Russian circumnavigation of the globe. It was previously scientifically known as ''Cocos plumosa'', a name under which it became popular in the horticultural trade in the early 20th century. In some areas of the world the plant is still popularly known as the cocos palm. Taxonomy This palm was first scientifically described and validly published as ''Cocos romanzoffiana'' in 182 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Borassus Flabellifer
''Borassus flabellifer'', commonly known as doub palm, palmyra palm, tala or tal palm, toddy palm, wine palm or ice apple, is native to South Asia (especially in Bangladesh & South India) and Southeast Asia. It is reportedly naturalized in Socotra and parts of China. Description ''Borassus flabellifer'' is a robust tree and can reach a height of . The trunk is grey, robust and ringed with leaf scars; old leaves remain attached to the trunk for several years before falling cleanly. The leaves are fan-shaped and long, with robust black teeth on the petiole margins. Like all ''Borassus'' species, ''B. flabellifer'' is dioecious with male and female flowers on separate plants. The male flowers are less than long and form semi-circular clusters, which are hidden beneath scale-like bracts within the catkin-like inflorescences. In contrast, the female flowers are golfball-sized and solitary, sitting upon the surface of the inflorescence axis. After pollination, these blooms develop i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lytocaryum Weddellianum
''Syagrus weddelliana'', also known as the miniature coconut palm or Weddell's palm, is a feather palm in the palm family. Description The palm has a small stature, only growing to a height of . In rare cases, this palm can grow to , with a trunk diameter of about . After flowering, it produces small edible fruits that resemble and taste like coconuts. Distribution and habitat This palm is native to the State of Rio de Janeiro in southeastern Brazil. It grows naturally in the rainforests of the region. It is a medium altitude palm, growing in altitudes of . It thrives in the humid shade of the Brazilian rainforests. Taxonomy Originally, the palm was placed in the same genus as the coconut palm, under the name ''Cocos weddelliana'', before moving to the queen palm genus, '' Syagrus'', and finally moving to its own genus, ''Lytocaryum ''Lytocaryum'' is a monoecious genus of flowering plant in the palm family endemic to the Atlantic coast of Brazil, where 4 species are known ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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