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Accident Classification
Accident classification is a standardized method in accident analysis by which the causes of an accident, including the root causes, are grouped into categories. Accident classification is mainly used in aviation but can be expanded into other areas, such as railroad or health care. While incident report, accident reports are very detailed, the goal of accident classification is to look at a broader picture. By analysing a multitude of accidents and applying the same standardized classification scheme, patterns in how accidents develop can be detected and correlations can be built. The advantage of a standardized accident classification is that statistical methods can be used to gain more insight into accident causation. A good accident classification system * is easy to apply, ideally it is intuitive to use, * covers as many aspects as possible: human performance, organisational issues, technological issues, Threat and error management, * enables the safety experts to recreate th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Accident Analysis
Accident analysis is carried out in order to determine the cause or causes of an accident (that can result in single or multiple outcomes) so as to prevent further accidents of a similar kind. It is part of ''accident investigation or incident investigation .'' These analyses may be performed by a range of experts, including forensic scientists, Forensic engineering#Forensic engineering, forensic engineers or health and safety advisers. Accident investigators, particularly those in the aircraft industry, are colloquially known as "tin-kickers". Health and safety and patient safety professionals prefer using the term "incident" in place of the term "accident". Its retrospective nature means that accident analysis is primarily an exercise of directed explanation; conducted using the theories or methods the analyst has to hand, which directs the way in which the events, aspects, or features of accident phenomena are highlighted and explained. Sequence Accident analysis is performed in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Incident Report
In a health care facility, such as a hospital, nursing home, or assisted living, an incident report or accident report is a form that is filled out in order to record details of an unusual event that occurs at the facility, such as an injury to a patient. The purpose of the incident report is to document the exact details of the occurrence while they are fresh in the minds of those who witnessed the event. This information may be useful in the future when dealing with liability issues stemming from the incident. Generally, according to health care guidelines, the report must be filled out as soon as possible following the incident (but after the situation has been stabilized). This way, the details written in the report are as accurate as possible. Most incident reports that are written involve accidents with patients, such as patient falls. But most facilities will also document an incident in which a staff member or visitor is injured. In the event that an incident involves a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Statistical Methods
Statistics (from German: ''Statistik'', "description of a state, a country") is the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data. In applying statistics to a scientific, industrial, or social problem, it is conventional to begin with a statistical population or a statistical model to be studied. Populations can be diverse groups of people or objects such as "all people living in a country" or "every atom composing a crystal". Statistics deals with every aspect of data, including the planning of data collection in terms of the design of surveys and experiments.Dodge, Y. (2006) ''The Oxford Dictionary of Statistical Terms'', Oxford University Press. When census data cannot be collected, statisticians collect data by developing specific experiment designs and survey samples. Representative sampling assures that inferences and conclusions can reasonably extend from the sample to the population as a whole. An experim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Threat And Error Management
In aviation safety, threat and error management (TEM) is an overarching safety management approach that assumes that pilots will naturally make mistakes and encounter risky situations during flight operations. Rather than try to avoid these threats and errors, its primary focus is on teaching pilots to manage these issues so they do not impair safety. Its goal is to maintain safety margins by training pilots and flight crews to detect and respond to events that are likely to cause damage (threats) as well as mistakes that are most likely to be made (errors) during flight operations. TEM allows crews to measure the complexities of a specific organization's context — meaning that the threats and errors encountered by pilots will vary depending upon the type of flight operation — and record human performance in that context. TEM also considers technical (e.g. mechanical) and environmental issues, and incorporates strategies from Crew Resource Management to teach pilots t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IATA Accident Classification Task Force
The IATA Accident Classification Task Force (ACTF) analyses and classifies commercial aviation accidents for jet aircraft with a maximum takeoff weight of more than 20 tons and for turboprops of more than 5,7 tons (metric). The task force holds its annual meeting typically early in January to discuss, analyse and classify the accidents of the previous year. A special Accident Classification system based on a Threat and Error Management Framework is applied. The task force comes up with recommendations to enhance safety of air transportation. The outcomes, including statistical data, correlations and accident causations are published in the annual IATA Safety Report. The group consists of safety experts from airlines from different regions of the world, aircraft and equipment manufacturers, air navigation service providers, pilot unions and air navigation chart providers. The variety in expertise and by region ensures that many aspects of an accident are covered. Membership is by i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Human Factors Analysis And Classification System
The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) identifies the human causes of an accident and offers tools for analysis as a way to plan preventive training. 'Approach'', July - August 2004. Accessed July 12, 2007. It was developed by Dr Scott Shappell of the and Dr Doug Wiegmann of the at Urbana-Campaign in response to a trend that showed some form of human error was a primary causal factor in 80% of all ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swiss Cheese Model
The Swiss cheese model of accident causation is a model used in risk analysis and risk management, including aviation safety, engineering, healthcare, emergency service organizations, and as the principle behind layered security, as used in computer security and defense in depth. It likens human systems to multiple slices of Swiss cheese, stacked side by side, in which the risk of a threat becoming a reality is mitigated by the differing layers and types of defenses which are "layered" behind each other. Therefore, in theory, lapses and weaknesses in one defense do not allow a risk to materialize, since other defenses also exist, to prevent a single point of failure. The model was originally formally propounded by James T. Reason of the University of Manchester, and has since gained widespread acceptance. It is sometimes called the "cumulative act effect". Although the Swiss cheese model is respected and considered to be a useful method of relating concepts, it has been subjec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aviation Accidents And Incidents
An aviation accident is defined by the Convention on International Civil Aviation Annex 13 as an occurrence associated with the operation of an aircraft, which takes place from the time any person boards the aircraft with the ''intention of flight'' until all such persons have disembarked, and in which a) a person is fatally or seriously injured, b) the aircraft sustains significant damage or structural failure, or c) the aircraft goes missing or becomes completely inaccessible. Annex 13 defines an aviation incident as an occurrence, other than an accident, associated with the operation of an aircraft that affects or could affect the safety of operation. A hull loss occurs if an aircraft is damaged beyond repair, lost, or becomes completely inaccessible. The first fatal aviation accident was the crash of a Rozière balloon near Wimereux, France, on June 15, 1785, killing the balloon's inventor, Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier, and the other occupant, Pierre Romain. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
