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Academic Trial
The Academic Trial was a criminal trial fabricated by the Joint State Political Directorate against a group of scientists of the Academy of Sciences and local historians in 1929–1931 in Leningrad, where the Academy of Sciences was located until 1934. History The genesis of the trial was the failure of three Communist candidates to win election as members of the Academy in January 1929 among a group of 42 new academicians. Newspapers demanded the reorganization of the Academy and assailed the politics of the Academy's members, pointing to their supposedly counter-revolutionary past. However, after the election of the Communists Abram Deborin, Nikolai Lukin and Vladimir Fritsche, this campaign ceased. The next assault on the Academy of Sciences began in August 1929, when a government commission headed by Yuri Figatner was sent to Leningrad to " clean" the Academy of Sciences. The commission ordered the dismissal of 128 full-time employees (out of 960) and 520 supernumerary employe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), is the second-largest city in Russia. It is situated on the Neva River, at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea, with a population of roughly 5.4 million residents. Saint Petersburg is the fourth-most populous city in Europe after Istanbul, Moscow and London, the most populous city on the Baltic Sea, and the world's northernmost city of more than 1 million residents. As Russia's Imperial capital, and a historically strategic port, it is governed as a federal city. The city was founded by Tsar Peter the Great on 27 May 1703 on the site of a captured Swedish fortress, and was named after apostle Saint Peter. In Russia, Saint Petersburg is historically and culturally associated with t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nikolai Antsiferov
Nikolai Pavlovich Antsiferov (russian: Николай Павлович Анциферов; – September 2, 1958) was a Soviet historian and scholar of culture and local lore. Biography Antsiferov was born in the estate of Count Potocki in Uman, Ukraine. His father, Pavel Grigor'evich Antsiferov (1815–1897) was a state counsellor and the son of a naval officer in Arkhangelsk, who took a post as an inspector of agriculture and horticulture at an institute in Uman, and later was the director of the Nikitsky Botanical Garden in Crimea from 1891. He was buried in the cemetery in Sofeiskaia Slobodka. His mother, Ekaterina Maksinovna née Petrova, was the daughter of a Tver peasant. She was born in 1853 in Saint Petersburg and died in 1933. Following the death of his father, Nikolai Antsiferov lived with his mother in Pulavy (in present-day Poland), and then in Kiev where he studied at the first Kiev Gymnasium. Beginning in 1908 he studied in Saint Petersburg from 1908, gradu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yury Osipov
Yury Sergeyevich Osipov (russian: Ю́рий Серге́евич О́сипов; born 7 July 1936) is a Soviet and Russian mathematician. He was elected a full member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in 1987 and was a president of its successor, the Russian Academy of Sciences from 17 December 1991 to 29 May 2013. Biography Osipov was born in Tobolsk (in present-day Tyumen Oblast, Russia). In 1959 he graduated from the Department of Mechanics and Mathematics of the Ural State University (Yekaterinburg, Russia). His teacher was Nikolai Krasovsky, famous scientist and founder of the Ural scientific school in mathematical theory of control and the theory of differential games. From 1961 to 1969 he worked at the Ural State University. From 1970 to 1993 he worked at the Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics of the Ural Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences (later, of the Russian Academy of Sciences) in Yekaterinburg (from 1986 to 1993 he was the chief of the Institute). In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great Russian Encyclopedia
The ''Great Russian Encyclopedia'' (GRE; russian: Большая российская энциклопедия, БРЭ, transliterated as ''Bolshaya rossiyskaya entsiklopediya'' or academically as ''Bolšaja rossijskaja enciklopedija'') is a universal Russian encyclopedia, completed in 36 volumes, published between 2004 and 2017 by Great Russian Encyclopedia, JSC (russian: Большая российская энциклопедия ПАО, transliterated as ''Bolshaya rossiyskaya entsiklopediya PAO''). It is released under the auspices of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) after President Vladimir Putin signed a presidential decree №1156 in 2002. The complete edition was released by 2017. The chief editor of the encyclopedia is Yury Osipov, the president of the RAS. The editorial board has more than 80 RAS members, including the Nobel Prize laureates Zhores Alferov and Vitaly Ginzburg. The first, introductory volume, released in 2004, is dedicated to Russia. Thirty-fiv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Istoricheskie Zapiski
''Istoricheskie Zapiski'' (''Исторические записки'') (Historical Transactions), also known as ''ИЗ'', is an academic journal of history published by Progress Publishers in Moscow for the Russian Academy of Sciences and its predecessors since 1937. The journal specialises in medieval and modern Russian history and until 1957 was one of just three journals available to Soviet historians, the others being ''Voprosy Istorii'', which took a more historiographical approach, and ''Vestnik Drevnei Istorii'' which dealt with ancient history. Boris Grekov Boris Dmitrievich Grekov (; in Mirgorod, Poltava Governorate, Russian Empire – 9 September 1953 in Moscow) was a Russian and Soviet historian noted for his comprehensive studies of Kievan Rus and the Golden Horde. He was a member of the Sovi ... was the first editor from 1937 to 1953, who was replaced by Arkadi Sidorov in 1954. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhores Alferov
Zhores Ivanovich Alferov (russian: link=no, Жоре́с Ива́нович Алфёров, ; be, Жарэс Іва́навіч Алфёраў; 15 March 19301 March 2019) was a Soviet and Russian physicist and academic who contributed significantly to the creation of modern heterostructure physics and electronics. He shared the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physics for the development of the semiconductor heterojunction for optoelectronics. He also became a politician in his later life, serving in the lower house of the Russian parliament, the State Duma, as a member of the Communist Party from 1995. Early life and education Alferov was born in Vitebsk, Byelorussian SSR, Soviet Union, to a Belarusian father, Ivan Karpovich Alferov, a factory manager, and a Jewish mother, Anna Vladimirovna Rosenblum. He was named after French socialist Jean Jaurès while his older brother was named Marx after Karl Marx. Alferov graduated from secondary school in Minsk in 1947 and started Belarusian Pol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slavists Case
The Slavists Case (russian: Дело славистов, ''Delo slavistov'') or the Russian National Party Case (russian: Дело «Российской национальной партии», ''Delo Rossiyskoy natsional’noy partii'') was a fabricated criminal case during the Stalinist repressions in the Soviet Union. A large number of intellectuals (mainly from Moscow and Leningrad) were accused of “counterrevolutionary activities” in 1933-1934. Background As in the earlier Academic Trial, the goals appear to have been the centralization of Soviet science and the suppression of the old academic tradition. The large number of linguists among the detainees is explained by the beginning of invasion of the Communist state in the linguistic science, in particular, the forcible introduction of the japhetic theory. The arrests began in 1933, but the case was fabricated gradually, the "Russian National Party" began to appear in it only in February 1934. Genrikh Lyushkov played ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Narodniks
The Narodniks (russian: народники, ) were a politically conscious movement of the Russian intelligentsia in the 1860s and 1870s, some of whom became involved in revolutionary agitation against tsarism. Their ideology, known as Narodism, Narodnism or (russian: народничество; , similar to the German ), was a form of agrarian socialism though is often misunderstood as populism. The (; meaning 'going to the people') campaigns were the central impetus of the Narodnik movement. The Narodniks were in many ways the intellectual and political forebears and, in notable cases, direct participants of the Russian Revolution—in particular of the Socialist-Revolutionary Party, which went on to greatly influence Russian history in the early 20th century. History Narodnichestvo as a philosophy was influenced by the works of Alexander Herzen (1812–1870) and Nikolay Gavrilovich Chernyshevsky (1828–1889), whose convictions were refined by Pyotr Lavrov (1823–1900) and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federal Archival Agency (Russia)
The Federal Archival Agency of the Russian Federation (russian: Федеральное архивное агентство Российской Федерации (Росархив), Federal'noye Arkhivnoye agentstvo Rossiyskoy Federatsii (Rosarkhiv)) is the federal executive body subordinate to the President of Russia which is responsible for providing public services, management of federal property in the field of archives. Duties * Providing public services in the field of archives; * Public accounting archives collections of the Russian Federation Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eig ..., of the State register of unique archives collections of the Russian Federation; * Ensuring compliance with the rules of acquisition, storage, recording and use of archival documents ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Museum
The State Russian Museum (russian: Государственный Русский музей), formerly the Russian Museum of His Imperial Majesty Alexander III (russian: Русский Музей Императора Александра III), on Arts Square in Saint Petersburg, is the world's largest depository of Russian fine art. It is also one of the largest art museums in the world with total area over 30 hectares. In 2021 it attracted 2,260,231 visitors, ranking second on list of most-visited art museums in the world. Creation The museum was established on April 13, 1895, upon enthronement of the emperor Nicholas II to commemorate his father, Alexander III. Its original collection was composed of artworks taken from the Hermitage Museum, Alexander Palace, and the Imperial Academy of Arts. The task to restructure the interiors according to the need of future exposition was imposed on Vasily Svinyin. The grand opening took place on the 17 of March, 1898. After the Russi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vladimir Beneshevich
Vladimir Nicolayevich Beneshevich (russian: Влади́мир Никола́евич Бенеше́вич; August 9, 1874 – January 17, 1938) was a Russian scholar of Byzantine history and canon law, and a philologer and paleographer of the manuscripts in that sphere. Beneshevich was a corresponding-member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences from 1914, of the Russian Academy of Sciences from 1924, and of the Prussian Academy of Sciences and of the Strassburg Academy of Sciences from 1929. Beneshevich was executed by the Soviet regime in 1938, and is one of the Eastern Orthodox Church's "New Martyrs". Biography Vladimir Nicolayevich Beneshevich was born on August 9, 1874, in Druya, Vilna Governorate of the Russian Empire (now Vitebsk Region in Belarus). He was of Belarusian ethnicity. His father was a bailiff at the local court, and his grandfather was a priest of the Russian Orthodox Church. He had one brother, Dmitri, who was three years older. Beneshevich graduated 'f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dmitry Egorov
Dmitri Fyodorovich Egorov (russian: Дми́трий Фёдорович Его́ров; December 22, 1869 – September 10, 1931) was a Russian and Soviet mathematician known for contributions to the areas of differential geometry and mathematical analysis. He was President of the Moscow Mathematical Society (1923–1930). Life Egorov held spiritual beliefs to be of great importance, and openly defended the Church against Marxist supporters after the Russian Revolution. He was elected president of the Moscow Mathematical Society in 1921, and became director of the Institute for Mechanics and Mathematics at Moscow State University in 1923. He also edited the journal ''Matematicheskii Sbornik'' of the Moscow Mathematical Society. However, because of Egorov's stance against the repression of the Russian Orthodox Church, he was dismissed from the Institute in 1929 and publicly rebuked. In 1930 he was arrested and imprisoned as a "religious sectarian", and soon after was expelled fro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
