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Abdullah Mukarram Shah Of Kedah
Paduka Sri Sultan Abdullah Mukarram Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Adilin Mu'adzam Shah II (died 1 September 1797) was the 20th Sultan of Kedah. His reign was from 1778 to 1797. In 1780, he ordered the fortress of Kota Kuala Bahang that has been destroyed by Aceh in 1619 to be rebuilt in exactly the same as the original plan. The Sultan appoint Hafiz Sab as the architecture of the fortress. The threat of Siam The war between Burma and Siam lasted from the year 1753 to the year 1781. While the war was still ongoing, Kedah had stopped the delivery of "Bunga Mas" to Siam. After the war ended, Siam once again became a very powerful force and demanded Kedah to send more "Bunga Mas" to Siam. The Sultan of Kedah, Sultan Abdullah, felt threatened by the demands of Siam. He wanted to preserve the sovereignty of Kedah and welfare of the people. Sultan Abdullah had no choice but to seek military assistance from East India Company (EIC). Sultan Abdullah offered Pinang if ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Adilin II Of Kedah
Paduka Sri Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Adilin Mu'adzam Shah II ibni al-Marhum Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah I (1699 – 23 September 1778; also spelt Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zain al-‘Adilan Mu’azzam Shah) was the 19th Sultan of Kedah. He reigned from 1710/1723 to 1778 and is widely known as the founder of Alor Setar and many current landmarks in the city are attributed to him. He went on pilgrimage to Jambi and Palembang, where he met the Arab religious teacher Shaikh Abdul Jalil, then journeyed with him to Java and India. He returned to the mainland from his exile in Langkawi and formally installed at the Balai Penghadapan, Istana Bukit Pinang, May 1710. He transferred his capital to Alor Star on 20 December 1735. Alor Setar was founded in 1735 by Sultan Muhammad Jiwa and was the Kedah’s eighth administrative centre since the establishment of the Kedah Sultanate in 1136. The earlier administrative centres were located in Kota Bukit Meriam, Kota Sungai Emas, Kota Siputeh, K ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dziaddin Mukarram Shah II Of Kedah
Paduka Sri Sultan Dziaddin Mukarram Shah II ibni al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Adilin Mu'adzam Shah II (died 25 January 1815; also spelt Sultan Ziyauddin Mukarram Shah II or Sultan Dhiauddin Mukarram Shah II) was the 21st Sultan of Kedah. His reign was from 1797 to 1803. He was appointed as second heir to his brother Abdullah Mukarram Shah and invested with the title of ''Raja Muda'' on 6 April 1760. He was appointed as Heir Presumptive and invested with the title of ''Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan Muda of Perlis and Kedah'', with the style of ''Duli Yang Maha Mulia'', and granted Perlis, Kubang Pasu, Setul and Langu in fief, 1770. He succeeded on the death of his elder half-brother, 1 September 1797. He ceded Seberang Perai (Province Wellesley) to the Honourable East India Company (HEIC) in return for an annual stipend on 7 July 1800. He concluded a treaty of friendship and alliance with the HEIC on 6 June 1800. He eventually was forced by the King of Siam The monarchy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah II Of Kedah
Paduka Sri Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah II ibni al-Marhum Sultan Abdullah Mukarram Shah (died 3 January 1845) was the 22nd Sultan of Kedah. His reign was from 1803 to 1821 and 1842 to 1845. He was appointed as Heir Apparent (''Uparaja'') by the King of Siam and invested with the title of ''Chao Pangeran'' in 1799. He succeeded on the forced abdication of his paternal uncle in September 1803. He had been recognised as ruler of Kedah by the King of Siam, and installed at the Balai Besar, Kota Star Palace, Alor Star, with the title of ''Phaya Ratna Sangrama Ramabhakti Sri Sultan Muhammad Ratna Raja Varman'' on 19 September 1804. He was promoted to the rank of ''Chao Phya Ratna Sangrama Ramabhakti Sri Sultan Muhammad Ratna Raja “Bodin Tersurin Terwerei” Varman Chao Phya Seraipuri'' on 2 August 1811. On hearing about a planned invasion of Siam by Burma in 1820, he refused to dispatch the annual Bunga Mas tribute to Bangkok and opened negotiations for a Burmese alliance. The Go ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Langgar Royal Mausoleum
Kedah Royal Mausoleum or Langgar Royal Mausoleum ( ms, Makam Diraja Langgar) is a Kedah royal burial grounds. It is located in Langgar, Kota Setar District, Kedah, Malaysia. List of graves Sultan graves * Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Adilin Mu'adzam Shah II ''(died 1778)'' * Abdullah Mukarram Shah ''(died 1797)'' * Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah II ''(died 1843)'' * Zainal Rashid Al-Mu'adzam Shah I ''(died 1854)'' * Ahmad Tajuddin Mukarram Shah ''(died 1879)'' * Zainal Rashid Mu'adzam Shah II ''(died 1881)'' * Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Mukarram Shah ''(died 1943)'' * Sultan Badlishah ibni Almarhum Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim Shah ''(died 1958)'' * Sultan Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah Al-Haj ibni Almarhum Sultan Badlishah ''(died 2017)'' Sultanah graves * Paduka Seri Cik Menyelara * Tunku Sofiah binti Almarhum Tunku Mahmud * Sultanah Asmah binti Almarhum Sultan Badrul Alam Shah * Sultanah Bahiyah binti Almarhum Tuanku Abdul Rahman ''(died 2003) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sunni Islam
Sunni Islam () is the largest branch of Islam, followed by 85–90% of the world's Muslims. Its name comes from the word '' Sunnah'', referring to the tradition of Muhammad. The differences between Sunni and Shia Muslims arose from a disagreement over the succession to Muhammad and subsequently acquired broader political significance, as well as theological and juridical dimensions. According to Sunni traditions, Muhammad left no successor and the participants of the Saqifah event appointed Abu Bakr as the next-in-line (the first caliph). This contrasts with the Shia view, which holds that Muhammad appointed his son-in-law and cousin Ali ibn Abi Talib as his successor. The adherents of Sunni Islam are referred to in Arabic as ("the people of the Sunnah and the community") or for short. In English, its doctrines and practices are sometimes called ''Sunnism'', while adherents are known as Sunni Muslims, Sunnis, Sunnites and Ahlus Sunnah. Sunni Islam is sometimes referred ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sultan Of Kedah
The Kedah Sultanate (كسلطانن قدح) is a Muslim dynasty located in the Malay Peninsula. It was originally an independent state, but became a British protectorate in 1909. Its monarchy was abolished after it was added to the Malayan Union but was restored and added to the Malayan Union's successor, the Federation of Malaya. The information regarding the formation of this sultanate and the history before and after its creation comes from the " Kedah Annals". The annals were written in the 18th century, over a millennium after the formation of the supposed Kedah Kingdom. It describes the first king of Kedah as arriving on the shores of Kedah as a result of an attack by a mythical gigantic beast. It states that the nation was founded by the offspring of Alexander the Great. However, Thai chronicles mention that Kedah was a Thai city like Nakhon Si Thammarat and was a part of the Siamese kingdom but later was changed into a Malay state after invasion by Muslim kingdoms unt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bunga Mas
The bunga emas dan perak ( "golden and silver flowers", th, ต้นไม้เงินต้นไม้ทอง ), often abbreviated to bunga mas ( Jawi: "golden flowers"), was a tribute sent every three years to the king of Ayutthaya (Siam) from its vassal states in the Malay Peninsula, in particular, Kelantan, Kedah, Pattani, Nong Chik, Yala, Rangae,Cyril Skinner (1983). ''A Malay Mission to Bangkok during the reign of Rama II'', Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society/ref> Kubang Pasu Darul Qiyam, Kubang Pasu and Setul. The tribute consisted of two small trees made of gold and silver, plus costly gifts of weapons, goods and slaves. Leonard Y. Andaya, Barbara Watson Andaya (1984). ''A History of Malaysia'', pp.65-68/ref> There are several supposed origins of and reasons for the establishment of the tradition: * According to a Kedah source, the first time a ''bunga mas'' was sent, it was sent as a toy for a new-born Thai prince who was the gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
East India Company
The East India Company (EIC) was an English, and later British, joint-stock company founded in 1600 and dissolved in 1874. It was formed to trade in the Indian Ocean region, initially with the East Indies (the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia), and later with East Asia. The company seized control of large parts of the Indian subcontinent, colonised parts of Southeast Asia and Hong Kong. At its peak, the company was the largest corporation in the world. The EIC had its own armed forces in the form of the company's three Presidency armies, totalling about 260,000 soldiers, twice the size of the British army at the time. The operations of the company had a profound effect on the global balance of trade, almost single-handedly reversing the trend of eastward drain of Western bullion, seen since Roman times. Originally chartered as the "Governor and Company of Merchants of London Trading into the East-Indies", the company rose to account for half of the world's trade duri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francis Light
Captain Francis Light ( – 21 October 1794) was a British explorer and the founder of the British colony of Penang (in modern-day Malaysia) and its capital city of George Town in 1786. Light and his lifelong partner, Martina Rozells, were the parents of William Light, who founded the city of Adelaide in South Australia. Early years Light was baptised in Dallinghoo, Suffolk, England on 15December 1740. His mother was given as Mary Light. Taken in by a relative, the nobleman William Negus, he attended Woodbridge Grammar School from 1747. Researchers initially believed Light to be the illegitimate son of William Negus, but according to author Noël Francis Light Purdon, the six-times great-grandson of Francis Light, Negus received payment for looking after him and acting as his guardian throughout his education. Career Naval career Light began his service in the Royal Navy as a surgeon's servant on HMS ''Mars'' in February 1754. He started an apprenticeship in the Royal Navy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George III Of The United Kingdom
George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 173829 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and of Monarchy of Ireland, Ireland from 25 October 1760 until Acts of Union 1800, the union of the two kingdoms on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death in 1820. He was the longest-lived and longest-reigning king in British history. He was concurrently Duke and Prince-elector of Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Brunswick-Lüneburg ("Hanover") in the Holy Roman Empire before becoming King of Hanover on 12 October 1814. He was a monarch of the House of Hanover but, unlike his two predecessors, he was born in Great Britain, spoke English as his first language and never visited Hanover. George's life and reign were marked by a series of military conflicts involving his kingdoms, much of the rest of Europe, and places farther afield in Africa, the Americas and Asia. Early in his reign, Great Britain defeated France in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seberang Perai
Seberang Perai is a city in the Malaysian state of Penang. It is situated on the Malay Peninsula opposite Penang Island, bordering Kedah to the north and east and Perak to the south. Its city centre is located in Butterworth, while its local authority, the Seberang Perai City Council, is centred near Bukit Mertajam. , Seberang Perai had a population of 815,767, making it the second most populous city in Malaysia. Originally a part of Kedah, the territory containing the present-day city was ceded to the British East India Company in 1800. The British acquired Province Wellesley, as they subsequently named it, to provide more agricultural land and as a defensive bulwark against any cross-strait invasion of Penang Island from the mainland. Since then, it has become part of Penang, which was made a British crown colony in 1867. Seberang Perai has witnessed substantial economic development in the decades after Malaya's independence. Massive industrial estates have been establish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spanish Dollar
The Spanish dollar, also known as the piece of eight ( es, Real de a ocho, , , or ), is a silver coin of approximately diameter worth eight Spanish reales. It was minted in the Spanish Empire following a monetary reform in 1497 with content 25.563 g = 0.822 oz t fine silver. It was widely used as the first world currency, international currency because of its uniformity in standard and milling characteristics. Some countries countermarked the Spanish dollar so it could be used as their local currency. Because the Spanish dollar was widely used in Europe, the Americas, and the Far East, it became the first world currency by the late 18th century. The Spanish dollar was the coin upon which the original United States dollar was based (at 0.7735 oz t = 24.0566 g), and it remained legal tender in the United States until the Coinage Act of 1857. Many other currencies around the world, such as the Japanese yen and the Yuan (currency), Chinese yuan, were initially based on the Span ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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