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A Share (mainland China)
A shares (), also known as domestic shares () are shares that are denominated in Renminbi and traded in the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges, as well as the National Equities Exchange and Quotations. These are in contrast to B shares that are denominated in foreign currency and traded in Shanghai and Shenzhen, as well as H shares, that are denominated in Hong Kong dollars and traded in the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong. See also *Chip * Red chip * P chip * S chip * N share * L share * G share G, or g, is the seventh letter in the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''gee'' (pronounced ), plural ''gees''. History Th ... * China Concepts Stock References Finance in China Stock market terminology {{Stockexchange-stub de:Aktienart (China)#A-Aktie .28A-Share.29 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Renminbi
The renminbi (; symbol: ¥; ISO code: CNY; abbreviation: RMB) is the official currency of the People's Republic of China and one of the world's most traded currencies, ranking as the fifth most traded currency in the world as of April 2022. The yuan ( or ) is the basic unit of the renminbi, but the word is also used to refer to the Chinese currency generally, especially in international contexts. One yuan is divided into 10 jiao (), and the jiao is further subdivided into 10 fen (). The renminbi is issued by the People's Bank of China, the monetary authority of China. Valuation Until 2005, the value of the renminbi was pegged to the US dollar. As China pursued its transition from central planning to a market economy and increased its participation in foreign trade, the renminbi was devalued to increase the competitiveness of Chinese industry. It has previously been claimed that the renminbi's official exchange rate was undervalued by as much as 37.5% against its purchas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
P Chip
The term P chip () refers to Chinese companies listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange which are incorporated in the Cayman Islands, Bermuda and the British Virgin Islands with operations in mainland China, and are run by private sector Chinese businessmen. During the financial crisis of 2007–2010, P chips showed a dramatic increase in the rate of bankruptcy failures as compared to H shares or red chips. Since the main difference among private sector Chinese companies incorporated abroad is the exchange in which they are listed, the following terms are used to differentiate them: * P chip if traded in Hong Kong (P stands for "private"). * S chip if traded in Singapore. * N share if traded in the NYSE, NASDAQ, or the AMEX. * L share if traded in London. Therefore, the main difference between P chips and S chips is the exchange on which they are traded. However, a few market participants may use the term "P chips" to refer to the entire universe of private sector Chinese compa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Finance In China
The People's Republic of China has an upper middle income developing mixed socialist market economy that incorporates economic planning through industrial policies and strategic five-year plans. —Xu, Chenggang. "The Fundamental Institutions of China’s Reforms and Development." Journal of Economic Literature, vol. 49, no. 4, American Economic Association, 2011, pp. 1076–151, . —Nee, Victor, and Sonja Opper. "Political Capital in a Market Economy." Social Forces, vol. 88, no. 5, Oxford University Press, 2010, pp. 2105–32, . —Shue Tuck Wong & Sun Sheng Han (1998) Whither China's Market Economy? The Case of Lijin Zhen, Geographical Review, 88:1, 29-46, —Gregory C. Chow (2005) The Role of Planning in China's Market Economy, Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies, 3:3, 193-203, —HUA, HUANG. "The Market Economy in China." Security Dialogue, vol. 24, no. 2, Sage Publications, Ltd., 1993, pp. 175–79, . —Chow, Gregory C. "Development of a More Market-Orie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
G Share
G, or g, is the seventh letter in the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''gee'' (pronounced ), plural ''gees''. History The letter 'G' was introduced in the Old Latin period as a variant of ' C' to distinguish voiced from voiceless . The recorded originator of 'G' is freedman Spurius Carvilius Ruga, who added letter G to the teaching of the Roman alphabet during the 3rd century BC: he was the first Roman to open a fee-paying school, around 230 BCE. At this time, ' K' had fallen out of favor, and 'C', which had formerly represented both and before open vowels, had come to express in all environments. Ruga's positioning of 'G' shows that alphabetic order related to the letters' values as Greek numerals was a concern even in the 3rd century BC. According to some records, the original seventh letter, 'Z', had been purged from the Latin alphabet somewhat ear ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
L Share
L-Shares () refers to Chinese companies listed on the London Stock Exchange. The listed companies are incorporated in the Cayman Islands, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands and Jersey, but they have their main business operations in mainland China. They are listed on the London Stock Exchange according to a memorandum of understanding signed between the UK and China's relevant authorities on October 7, 1996. See also *Chip * A share * B share * H share * Red chip * P chip * S chip * N share * L share * G share G, or g, is the seventh letter in the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''gee'' (pronounced ), plural ''gees''. History Th ... * China Concepts Stock References {{DEFAULTSORT:L Share Stock market terminology Finance in China ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
N Share
N-Shares () refers to Chinese companies listed on the NYSE, NASDAQ, or the NYSE MKT. The term stands for New York. They may or may not be incorporated in China, but they have their main business operations in mainland China. Most of them are incorporated in Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, the British Virgin Islands, Nevada or Delaware. If they have been incorporated in mainland China, they trade as ADRs of H Shares. If they have been incorporated in Hong Kong, they trade as ADRs of Red chips. If they have been incorporated in Nevada, Delaware or Florida, they might have originated as reverse mergers. Most N-Shares are the American exchange equivalent of P-Chips. However, the term N-Shares may only refer to private sector Chinese companies incorporated outside China, which excludes ADRs of H Shares or Red chips. As of December 2010, the SEC is investigating frauds by publicly traded Chinese companies. __TOC__ N-Shares listed on the NYSE * Acorn International, Inc. () (Cayman I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
S Chip
S chips () are Chinese companies listed on the Singapore Exchange. Their shares are known as S shares. S chips are incorporated in Singapore, the British Virgin Islands, the Cayman Islands and Bermuda and have their business operations in mainland China. Some S chips were beset by corporate governance and accounting problems, resulting in reputational issues that led to share price declines in 2009. The main difference between S chips and P chips is the exchange on which they are traded. An index that covers the prices of S-Chips is the FTSE ST China Index. From January 2008 to October 2009, the FTSE ST China Index had a return of −60%, as opposed to a return of −20% for the |
Red Chip
Red chip stocks () are the stocks of mainland China companies incorporated outside mainland China and listed in Hong Kong. It refers to businesses based in mainland China and with (majority) shares controlled either directly or indirectly by a government body. This controlling entity could be one or more combinations of the central, provincial or municipal mainland government, with the company listed in Hong Kong to allow private and overseas investment. The term was coined by Hong Kong economist Alex Tang in 1992 and combines blue chip stocks with "red" representing the Socialist economic philosophy of the People's Republic of China. Stock index of red chips The Hang Seng China-Affiliated Corporations Index (HSCCI) is a stock market index of 25 red chip companies. List of red chip companies , there were 267 red chip companies, including: * APT Satellite Holdings * China Aerospace International Holdings * China Development Bank International Investment * China Energin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shanghai Stock Exchange
The Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) is a stock exchange based in the city of Shanghai, China. It is one of the three stock exchanges operating independently in mainland China, the others being the Beijing Stock Exchange and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange. The Shanghai Stock Exchange is the world's 3rd largest stock market by market capitalization at US$7.62 trillion . It is also Asia's biggest stock exchange. Unlike the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, the Shanghai Stock Exchange is still not entirely open to foreign investors and often affected by the decisions of the central government, due to capital account controls exercised by the Chinese mainland authorities. In 1891, Shanghai founded China's first exchange system. The current stock exchange was re-established on November 26, 1990, and was in operation on December 19 of the same year. It is a non-profit organization directly administered by the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC). History The formation of the Interna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chip (stock Market)
A chip is a terminology to describe a stock of a particular quality. Chip Share {, class="wikitable" , +Share !Name !Description , - , , A share , Company listed in Shanghai or Shenzhen and traded in renminbi , - , , B share , Company listed in Shanghai or Shenzhen and traded in a foreign currency , - , , G share , Company listed in China that have accomplished stock right division reform , - , , H share , Company incorporated in China listed in Hong Kong , - , , L share , Company incorporated in the Cayman Islands, Bermuda, or the British Virgin Islands operating in China and listed in London , - , {{rh, align= N share , Company operating in China and listed on NYSE The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE, nicknamed "The Big Board") is an American stock exchange in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan in New York City. It is by far the world's largest stock exchange by market capitalization of its liste ... or NASDAQ Stock ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stock Exchange Of Hong Kong
The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong (SEHK, also known as Hong Kong Stock Exchange) is a stock exchange based in Hong Kong. As of the end of 2020, it has 2,538 listed companies with a combined market capitalization of HK$47 trillion. It is reported as the fastest growing stock exchange in Asia. The stock exchange is owned (through its subsidiary Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited) by Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited (HKEX), a holding company that it also lists () and that in 2021 became world's largest bourse operator in terms of market capitalization, surpassing Chicago-based CME. The physical trading floor at Exchange Square was closed in October 2017. History The Hong Kong securities market can be traced back to 1866, but the stock market was formally set up in 1891, when the Association of Stockbrokers in Hong Kong was established. It was renamed as The Hong Kong Stock Exchange in 1914. By 1972, Hong Kong had four stock exchanges in operation. There were subseque ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
