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ATC Code R07
R07A Other respiratory system products R07AA Lung surfactants :R07AA01 Colfosceril palmitate :R07AA02 Natural phospholipids :R07AA30 Combinations R07AB Respiratory stimulants :R07AB01 Doxapram :R07AB02 Nikethamide :R07AB03 Pentetrazol :R07AB04 Etamivan :R07AB05 Bemegride :R07AB06 Prethcamide :R07AB07 Almitrine :R07AB08 Dimefline :R07AB09 Mepixanox :R07AB52 Nikethamide, combinations :R07AB53 Pentetrazol, combinations :QR07AB99 Respiratory stimulants, combinations R07AX Other respiratory system products :R07AX01 Nitric oxide :R07AX02 Ivacaftor Ivacaftor is a medication used to treat cystic fibrosis in people with certain mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene (primarily the G551D mutation), who account for 4–5% cases of cystic fibrosis. It ... :R07AX30 Ivacaftor and lumacaftor :R07AX31 Ivacaftor and tezacaftor :R07AX32 Ivacaftor, tezacaftor and elexacaftor References {{Other respiratory system products R07 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lung Surfactant
Pulmonary surfactant is a surface-active complex of phospholipids and proteins formed by type II alveolar cells. The proteins and lipids that make up the surfactant have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions. By adsorbing to the air-water interface of alveoli, with hydrophilic head groups in the water and the hydrophobic tails facing towards the air, the main lipid component of surfactant, dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), reduces surface tension. As a medication, pulmonary surfactant is on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system. Function * To increase pulmonary compliance. * To prevent atelectasis (collapse of the alveoli or atriums) at the end of expiration. * To facilitate recruitment of collapsed airways. Alveoli can be compared to gas in water, as the alveoli are wet and surround a central air space. The surface tension acts at the air-water interface and tends to make the bubble smaller (by decr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Almitrine
Almitrine (marketed as Duxil by Servier) is a diphenylmethylpiperazine derivative classified as a respiratory stimulant by the ATC. It enhances respiration by acting as an agonist of peripheral chemoreceptors located on the carotid bodies. The drug increases arterial oxygen tension while decreasing arterial carbon dioxide tension in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It may also prove useful in the treatment of nocturnal oxygen desaturation without impairing the quality of sleep. A significant literature exists for this compound, including over 60 papers that Medline labels as reviews. The clinical efficacy of almitrine-raubasine combination therapy for age related cerebral disorders and functional rehabilitation after stroke has been reviewed by Allain and Bentué-Ferrer. They summarize two studies in which almitrine-raubasine improved some symptoms significantly more than placebo, especially in vascular cases. Their paper also suggests that other studies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tezacaftor
Tezacaftor is a drug used for the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF) in people six years and older, who have a F508del mutation, the most common type of mutation in the CFTR gene. It is sold as a fixed-dose combination with ivacaftor under the brand name Symdeko. It was approved by the U.S. FDA in 2018. The combination of elexacaftor, tezacaftor, and ivacaftor is being sold as Trikafta. In 2019, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a combination of elexacaftor, tezacaftor, and ivacaftor. Mechanism of action Tezacaftor acts as a corrector to help the folding and presentation of the CFTR protein to the cell surface, which improves its function for individuals with a F508del mutation. Clinical trials The EVOLVE and EXPAND study findings were published in 2017. EVOLVE trial The EVOLVE trial analyzed tezacaftor/ivacaftor in patients with cystic fibrosis, specifically with the homozygous for Phe508del mutation. The EVOLVE trial is a phase 3, double-blinded, mu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lumacaftor/ivacaftor
Lumacaftor/ivacaftor, sold under the brand name Orkambi among others, is a combination of lumacaftor and ivacaftor used to treat people with cystic fibrosis who have two copies of the F508del mutation. It is unclear if it is useful in cystic fibrosis due to other causes. It is taken by mouth. Common side effects include shortness of breath, nausea, diarrhea, feeling tired, hearing problems, and rash. Severe side effects may include liver problems and cataracts. Ivacaftor increases the activity of the CFTR protein, while lumacaftor improves protein folding of the CFTR protein. It was approved for medical use in the United States in 2015, and in Canada in 2016. In the United States it costs more than $US 22,000 a month as of 2018. While its use was not recommended in the United Kingdom as of 2018, pricing was agreed upon in 2019 and it is expected to be covered by November of that year. Medical use The combination of lumacaftor/ivacaftor is used to treat people with cystic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ivacaftor
Ivacaftor is a medication used to treat cystic fibrosis in people with certain mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene (primarily the G551D mutation), who account for 4–5% cases of cystic fibrosis. It is also included in combination medications, lumacaftor/ivacaftor, tezacaftor/ivacaftor, and elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor which are used to treat people with cystic fibrosis. Ivacaftor was developed by Vertex Pharmaceuticals in conjunction with the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation and is the first medication that treats the underlying cause rather than the symptoms of the disease. It was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in January 2012. It is one of the most expensive drugs, costing over per year, which has led to criticism of the high cost. The combination drug lumacaftor/ivacaftor was approved by the FDA in July 2015. Cystic fibrosis is caused by any one of several defects in the CFTR protein, which regulates fl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nitric Oxide
Nitric oxide (nitrogen oxide or nitrogen monoxide) is a colorless gas with the formula . It is one of the principal oxides of nitrogen. Nitric oxide is a free radical: it has an unpaired electron, which is sometimes denoted by a dot in its chemical formula In chemistry, a chemical formula is a way of presenting information about the chemical proportions of atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound or molecule, using chemical element symbols, numbers, and sometimes also other symbols, ... (•N=O or •NO). Nitric oxide is also a heteronuclear diatomic molecule, a class of molecules whose study spawned early modern molecular orbital theory, theories of chemical bonding. An important Reaction intermediate, intermediate in chemical industry, industrial chemistry, nitric oxide forms in combustion systems and can be generated by lightning in thunderstorms. In mammals, including humans, nitric oxide is a signaling molecule in many physiological and pathological pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mepixanox
Mepixanox (Pimexone) is a respiratory stimulant Doxapram hydrochloride (marketed as Dopram, Stimulex or Respiram) is a respiratory stimulant. Administered intravenously, doxapram stimulates an increase in tidal volume, and respiratory rate. Mechanism of action Doxapram stimulates chemorecep .... References Phenol ethers 1-Piperidinyl compounds Respiratory agents Xanthones {{respiratory-system-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prethcamide
Prethcamide (trade name Micoren) is a respiratory stimulant composed of two related drugs, cropropamide and crotethamide. It was developed by Ciba-Geigy Novartis AG is a Swiss-American multinational pharmaceutical corporation based in Basel, Switzerland and Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States (global research).name="novartis.com">https://www.novartis.com/research-development/research-loc .... References Carboxamides Combination drugs {{respiratory-system-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colfosceril Palmitate
Colfosceril palmitate (trade name Exosurf) is a drug used as a pulmonary surfactant. It is a drug that is used in surfactant deficient conditions such as infant respiratory distress syndrome Infantile respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS), also called respiratory distress syndrome of newborn, or increasingly surfactant deficiency disorder (SDD), and previously called hyaline membrane disease (HMD), is a syndrome in premature infants ... in newborns. See also * Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine References Palmitate esters Phosphate esters {{respiratory-system-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bemegride
Bemegride (trademarked as Megimide) is a central nervous system stimulant. The drug was first made in 1911. It has been used in hypnotic overdose. As with other chemoreceptor agonists, it is a potent emetic at doses above those normally used in management of barbiturate overdose although emesis and aspiration are a concern during treatment. It is a controlled substance in some countries. Animal use Bemegride is also used to induce convulsions in experimental animals. Synthesis The original synthesis involves first the condensation of methylethylketone with two equivalents of cyanoacetamide. The product can be rationalized by assuming first aldol condensation of ketone and active methylene compound followed by dehydration to give 3. Conjugate addition of a second molecule of cyanoacetamide would afford 4. Addition of one of the amide amines to the nitrile would then afford the iminonitrile 5. The observed product 6 can be rationalized by assuming loss of the carboxamide under ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Etamivan
Etamivan (INN, or ethamivan (USAN); trade names Analepticon, Emivan, and Vandid) is a respiratory stimulant drug related to nikethamide. It was mainly used in the treatment of barbiturate overdose and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but has now largely fallen into disuse. Adverse effects which are common to the respiratory stimulant class include sneezing, coughing, and laryngospasm when infused too rapidly. More serious adverse events include muscle twitching, tremors, and convulsions. The dose to treat barbiturate intoxication or carbon dioxide narcosis in adults ranges from 0.5 mg/kg to 5.0 mg/kg, infused intravenously over several minutes. Epilepsy and the use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors or other adrenergic Adrenergic means "working on adrenaline (epinephrine) or noradrenaline (norepinephrine)" (or on their receptors). When not further qualified, it is usually used in the sense of enhancing or mimicking the effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine ... drugs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
