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ATC Code J06
J06A Immune sera J06AA Immune sera :J06AA01 Diphtheria antitoxin :J06AA02 Tetanus antitoxin :J06AA03 Snake venom antiserum :J06AA04 Botulinum antitoxin :J06AA05 Gas-gangrene sera :J06AA06 Rabies serum J06B Immunoglobulins J06BA Immunoglobulins, normal human :J06BA01 Immunoglobulins, normal human, for extravascular administration :J06BA02 Immunoglobulins, normal human, for intravascular administration J06BB Specific immunoglobulins :J06BB01 Anti-D (rh) immunoglobulin :J06BB02 Tetanus immunoglobulin :J06BB03 Varicella/zoster immunoglobulin :J06BB04 Hepatitis B immunoglobulin :J06BB05 Rabies immunoglobulin :J06BB06 Rubella immunoglobulin :J06BB07 Vaccinia immunoglobulin :J06BB08 Staphylococcus immunoglobulin :J06BB09 Cytomegalovirus immunoglobulin :J06BB10 Diphtheria immunoglobulin :J06BB11 Hepatitis A immunoglobulin :J06BB12 Encephalitis, tick-borne immunoglobulin :J06BB13 Pertussis immunoglobulin :J06BB14 Morbilli immunoglobulin :J06BB15 Parotitis immunoglobulin :J06BB19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Immune Sera
Antiserum is a blood serum containing monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies that is used to spread passive immunity to many diseases via blood donation (plasmapheresis). For example, convalescent serum, passive antibody transfusion from a previous human survivor, used to be the only known effective treatment for ebola infection with a high success rate of 7 out of 8 patients surviving. Antisera are widely used in diagnostic virology laboratories. The most common use of antiserum in humans is as antitoxin or antivenom to treat envenomation. Serum therapy, also known as serotherapy, describes the treatment of infectious disease using the serum of animals that have been immunized against the specific organisms or their product, to which the disease is supposedly referable. History In 1890, Emil Behring and Kitasato Shibasaburō published their first paper on serum therapy. Behring had pioneered the technique, using guinea pigs to produce serum. Based on his observation that people ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diphtheria
Diphtheria is an infection caused by the bacterium '' Corynebacterium diphtheriae''. Most infections are asymptomatic or have a mild clinical course, but in some outbreaks more than 10% of those diagnosed with the disease may die. Signs and symptoms may vary from mild to severe and usually start two to five days after exposure. Symptoms often come on fairly gradually, beginning with a sore throat and fever. In severe cases, a grey or white patch develops in the throat. This can block the airway and create a barking cough as in croup. The neck may swell in part due to enlarged lymph nodes. A form of diphtheria which involves the skin, eyes or genitals also exists. Complications may include myocarditis, inflammation of nerves, kidney problems, and bleeding problems due to low levels of platelets. Myocarditis may result in an abnormal heart rate and inflammation of the nerves may result in paralysis. Diphtheria is usually spread between people by direct contact or through th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tixagevimab/cilgavimab
Tixagevimab/cilgavimab, sold under the brand name Evusheld, is a combination of two human monoclonal antibodies, tixagevimab (AZD8895) and cilgavimab (AZD1061) targeted against the surface spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 used to prevent COVID-19. It is being developed by British-Swedish multinational pharmaceutical and biotechnology company AstraZeneca. It is co-packaged and given as two separate consecutive intramuscular injections (one injection per monoclonal antibody, given in immediate succession). Development In 2020, researchers at Vanderbilt University Medical Center discovered particularly potent monoclonal antibodies, isolated from COVID-19 patients infected with a SARS-CoV-2 circulating at that time. Initially designated COV2-2196 and COV2-2130, antibody engineering was used to transfer their SARS-CoV-2 binding specificity to IgG scaffolds that would last longer in the body, and these engineered antibodies were named AZD8895 (tixagevimab) and AZD1061 (cilgavimab), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Motavizumab
Motavizumab (proposed INN, trade name Numax) is a humanized monoclonal antibody. It is being investigated by MedImmune (today a subsidiary of AstraZeneca) for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection in high-risk infants. , it is undergoing Phase II and III clinical trials. In June 2010, the FDA Antiviral Drugs Advisory Committee declined to endorse MedImmune's request for licensure of Motavizumab in a 14 to 3 decision. The members of that panel cited several reasons for the decision, and many were concerned that "we're not looking at a product that has evidence of superiority in terms of efficacy" when compared to the already available monoclonal antibody Palivizumab. In December 2010, AstraZeneca in a stock market statement stated that it would be writing down $445m (£286m) after discontinuing a key development programme for Motavizumab. The company stated that it would no longer develop Motavizumab for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palivizumab
Palivizumab, sold under the brand name Synagis, is a monoclonal antibody produced by recombinant DNA technology used to prevent severe disease caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections. It is recommended for infants at high-risk for RSV due to conditions such as prematurity or other medical problems including heart or lung diseases. The most common side effects include fever and rash. Text was copied from this source which is © European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged. Palivizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody (IgG) directed against an epitope in the A antigenic site of the F protein of RSV. In two phase III clinical trials in the pediatric population, palivizumab reduced the risk of hospitalization due to RSV infection by 55% and 45%. Palivizumab is dosed once a month via intramuscular (IM) injection, to be administered throughout the duration of the RSV season, which in based on past trends has started in Mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Obiltoxaximab
Obiltoxaximab, sold under the brand name Anthim, is a monoclonal antibody medication designed for the treatment of exposure to ''Bacillus anthracis'' spores (etiologic agent of anthrax). The medication was developed by Elusys Therapeutics, Inc. * Medical uses Obiltoxaximab is Indication (medicine), indicated in combination with appropriate antibacterial drugs in all age groups for treatment of inhalational anthrax due to ''Bacillus anthracis''. It is also indicated in all age groups for post-exposure prophylaxis of inhalational anthrax when alternative therapies are not appropriate or are not available. Society and culture Legal status In March 2016, obiltoxaximab was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment and prophylaxis of inhalational anthrax. On 17 September 2020, the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) adopted a positive opinion, recommending the granting of a marketing authori ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bezlotoxumab
Bezlotoxumab, sold under the brand name Zinplava, is a human monoclonal antibody designed for the prevention of recurrence of ''Clostridioides difficile'' infections. This drug, along with actoxumab, was developed through Phase II efficacy trials by a partnership between Medarex Inc and MassBiologics of the University of Massachusetts Medical School. The project was then licensed to Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp for further development and commercialization. Actoxumab and bezlotoxumab are fully human monoclonal antibodies which bind ''C. difficile'' toxins A and B, respectively. A Phase III trial only showed a benefit from bezlotoxumab; the combination of actoxumab and bezlotoxumab worked no better to prevent recurrence of ''C. difficile'' associated diarrhea than bezlotoxumab alone. Progress towards FDA approval On June 9, 2016, the U.S. FDA's Antimicrobial Drugs Advisory Committee (formerly known as the Anti-Infective Drugs Advisory Committee) met to discuss bezlotoxumab. The comm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raxibacumab
Raxibacumab is a human monoclonal antibody intended for the prophylaxis and treatment of inhaled anthrax. Its efficacy has been proven in rabbits and monkeys. In December 2012 raxibacumab was approved in the United States for the treatment of inhalational anthrax due to ''Bacillus anthracis'' in combination with appropriate antibacterial drugs, and for prophylaxis of inhalational anthrax when alternative therapies are not available or are not appropriate. The antibody was discovered in a joint venture between Cambridge Antibody Technology and Human Genome Sciences. Cambridge Antibody Technology discovered the antibody to Human Genome Sciences's target and, in 2012, HGS were purchased by GlaxoSmithKline (GSK). In 2017, it was acquired by Emergent BioSolutions Emergent BioSolutions Inc. is an American multinational specialty biopharmaceutical company headquartered in Gaithersburg, Maryland. It develops vaccines and antibody therapeutics for infectious diseases and opioid ove ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nebacumab
Nebacumab is a human monoclonal antibody developed for the treatment of sepsis. It has been withdrawn in 1993 because it failed to reduce mortality in clinical trial Clinical trials are prospective biomedical or behavioral research studies on human participants designed to answer specific questions about biomedical or behavioral interventions, including new treatments (such as novel vaccines, drugs, dietar ...s. References Monoclonal antibodies Withdrawn drugs Abandoned drugs {{monoclonal-antibody-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anthrax
Anthrax is an infection caused by the bacterium ''Bacillus anthracis''. It can occur in four forms: skin, lungs, intestinal, and injection. Symptom onset occurs between one day and more than two months after the infection is contracted. The skin form presents with a small blister with surrounding swelling that often turns into a painless ulcer with a black center. The inhalation form presents with fever, chest pain and shortness of breath. The intestinal form presents with diarrhea (which may contain blood), abdominal pains, nausea and vomiting. The injection form presents with fever and an abscess at the site of drug injection. According to the USA's Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the first clinical descriptions of cutaneous anthrax were given by Maret in 1752 and Fournier in 1769. Before that anthrax had been described only through historical accounts. The Prussian scientist Robert Koch (1843–1910) was the first to identify ''Bacillus anthracis'' as the bacteri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parotitis
Parotitis is an inflammation of one or both parotid glands, the major salivary glands located on either side of the face, in humans. The parotid gland is the salivary gland most commonly affected by inflammation. Etymology From Greek παρωτῖτις (νόσος), parōtĩtis (nósos) : (disease of the) parotid gland < παρωτίς (stem παρωτιδ-) : (gland) behind the ear < παρά - pará : behind, and οὖς - ous (stem ὠτ-, ōt-) : ear. Causes Dehydration ''Dehydration:'' This is a common, non-infectious cause of parotitis. It may occur in elderly or after surgery.Infectious parotitis ''Acute bacterial parotitis:'' is most often caused by a bacterial infection of but may be caused by any |
Morbilli
Measles is a highly contagious infectious disease caused by measles virus. Symptoms usually develop 10–12 days after exposure to an infected person and last 7–10 days. Initial symptoms typically include fever, often greater than , cough, runny nose, and inflamed eyes. Small white spots known as Koplik's spots may form inside the mouth two or three days after the start of symptoms. A red, flat rash which usually starts on the face and then spreads to the rest of the body typically begins three to five days after the start of symptoms. Common complications include diarrhea (in 8% of cases), middle ear infection (7%), and pneumonia (6%). These occur in part due to measles-induced immunosuppression. Less commonly seizures, blindness, or inflammation of the brain may occur. Other names include ''morbilli'', ''rubeola'', ''red measles'', and ''English measles''. Both rubella, also known as ''German measles'', and roseola are different diseases caused by unrelated viruses. Meas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
