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AMETEK
AMETEK, Inc. is an American multinational conglomerate and global designer and manufacturer of electronic instruments and electromechanical devices with headquarters in the United States and over 220 sites worldwide. The company was founded in 1930. The company's original name, ''American Machine and Metals'', was changed to AMETEK in the early 1960s, reflecting AME's evolution from a provider of heavy machinery to a manufacturer of analytical instruments, precision components and specialty materials. AMETEK has been ranked as high as 402 on the Fortune 500. The firm has also consistently been on the Fortune 1000 rankings list as well as the Fortune Global 2000. The overall strategy for the organization is made up of 4 components: Operational Excellence (cost control), New Product Development, International/Market Expansion, and Acquisitions. The firm has two operating groups (the ''Electronic Instruments Group'' and the ''Electromechanical Group''). Together, these groups an ...
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Zygo Corporation
Zygo Corporation, or simply Zygo, is a manufacturer headquartered at Middlefield, Connecticut that specializes in optical systems and equipment. Their metrology product lines include 3D measuring microscopes using coherence scanning interferometry, laser Fizeau interferometers for testing optical components, laser displacement interferometers, and heterodyne optical encoders for stage position metrology. Zygo’s optics business manufactures both optical assembly and custom optics for medical instruments and national labs. Over 750 patents have been awarded since the Company's founding. In October 2008, competitor ESI attempted to acquire Zygo for approximately 174 million USD worth of stock but the buy-out was stymied by Zygo's board of directors. Zygo later became part of the Ultra Precision Technologies Division of Ametek, Inc. as a result of a 2014 acquisition. History and products The company was founded in 1970 by Paul Forman, Carl Zanoni, and Sol Laufer, with financial ...
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Land Instruments International
Land Instruments International (AMETEK Land) is a manufacturer of industrial sensors and measuring devices founded in the UK in 1947. It was acquired by the Process & Analytical Instruments Division of Ametek AMETEK, Inc. is an American multinational conglomerate and global designer and manufacturer of electronic instruments and electromechanical devices with headquarters in the United States and over 220 sites worldwide. The company was founded in 1 ... in 2006. Products * Fixed Spot Non-Contact Thermometers / Pyrometers * Fixed Thermal Imagers and Line Scanners * Portable Non-Contact Thermometers * Portable Gas Analysers * Opacity and Dust Monitors * Carbon Monoxide Detectors Services * Hazardous Area Certification * On-Site Servicing * Training * Technical Support * Certification and Calibration * Global Service Centres References External links * {{Authority control British companies established in 1947 1947 establishments in England ...
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Berwyn, Pennsylvania
Berwyn is a census-designated place (CDP) in Chester County, Pennsylvania. The population was 3,775 at the 2020 census. The area is part of the Philadelphia Main Line suburbs. History At times, the village has been called Cocheltown, Reeseville, Glassley, and Gaysville. The town received its present name in 1877 during the celebration of its centennial when one of the Welsh settlers proposed to name the village after the Berwyn Hills overlooking the Valley of the Dee River in Denbighshire, Wales. Geography Berwyn is located at . According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all of it land. Berwyn is located within Tredyffrin and Easttown Townships. The area is part of the Philadelphia Main Line suburbs. Demographics The population was 3,775 at the 2020 census. Prior to 2010 it was part of the Devon-Berwyn CDP. Culture Berwyn is home of the Footlighters' Theater, a non-profit theater that has provided entertainment for over 80 years. Footl ...
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VTI Instruments
VTI Instruments Corporation sells precision instrumentation for electronic signal distribution, data acquisition and monitoring. The company's products are used to automate the functional testing of complex electronic systems as well as to monitor and record data that characterizes the physical integrity of aircraft, engines, and other large structures. Formerly known as VXI Technology, it changed its name in 2009. VTI serves the following markets: aerospace, defense, and energy and power generation. VTI's headquarters is located in Irvine, California. History Founded in 1990, VTI initially developed prototyping tools and offered custom design services. By 1997, VTI had introduced two new VXI-based instrumentation and signal switching platforms for functional test/ATE – the VMIP and SMIP series. In 2003, VTI purchased Agilent's mechanical test business unit, which expanded the company's product offering to address precision data acquisition and signal conditioning application ...
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Russell 1000 Index
The Russell 1000 Index is a stock market index that tracks the highest-ranking 1,000 stocks in the Russell 3000 Index, which represent about 93% of the total market capitalization of that index. , the stocks of the Russell 1000 Index had a weighted average market capitalization of $608.1 billion and a median market capitalization of $15.1 billion. , components ranged in market capitalization from $1.8 billion to $1.4 trillion. The index, which was launched on January 1, 1984, is maintained by FTSE Russell, a subsidiary of the London Stock Exchange Group. The ticker symbol is ^RUI. There are several exchange-traded funds and mutual funds that track the index. Record values Annual returns Top sectors by weight *Technology *Consumer Discretionary *Health Care *Industrials *Financial services Top 10 holdings *Apple () *Microsoft () *Amazon () *Alphabet (Class A) () * Tesla () *Alphabet (Class C) () * Meta () *Nvidia () *Berkshire Hathaway () *UnitedHealth Group () (as of December ...
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Public Company
A public company is a company whose ownership is organized via shares of stock which are intended to be freely traded on a stock exchange or in over-the-counter markets. A public (publicly traded) company can be listed on a stock exchange (listed company), which facilitates the trade of shares, or not (unlisted public company). In some jurisdictions, public companies over a certain size must be listed on an exchange. In most cases, public companies are ''private'' enterprises in the ''private'' sector, and "public" emphasizes their reporting and trading on the public markets. Public companies are formed within the legal systems of particular states, and therefore have associations and formal designations which are distinct and separate in the polity in which they reside. In the United States, for example, a public company is usually a type of corporation (though a corporation need not be a public company), in the United Kingdom it is usually a public limited company (plc), i ...
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Lévis, Quebec
Lévis () is a city in eastern Quebec, Canada, located on the south shore of the St. Lawrence River, opposite Quebec City. A ferry links Old Quebec with Old Lévis, and two bridges, the Quebec and the Pierre-Laporte, connect western Lévis with Quebec City. The population in July 2017 was 144,147. Its current incarnation was founded on January 1, 2002, as the result of a merger among ten cities, including the older city of Lévis founded in 1861. Lévis is also the name of a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality (TE) and census division (CD) of Quebec, coextensive with the city of Lévis. Its geographical code is 25 as a census division, and 251 as an RCM-equivalent territory. History First Nations and prehistoric indigenous peoples settled in this area for thousands of years due to its ideal location at the confluence of the Chaudière and the St. Lawrence rivers. Many archeological sites reveal evidence of human occupation dating to 10,000 years ago. Some h ...
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3D Modeling
In 3D computer graphics, 3D modeling is the process of developing a mathematical coordinate-based representation of any surface of an object (inanimate or living) in three dimensions via specialized software by manipulating edges, vertices, and polygons in a simulated 3D space. Three-dimensional (3D) models represent a physical body using a collection of points in 3D space, connected by various geometric entities such as triangles, lines, curved surfaces, etc. Being a collection of data ( points and other information), 3D models can be created manually, algorithmically (procedural modeling), or by scanning. Their surfaces may be further defined with texture mapping. Outline The product is called a 3D model. Someone who works with 3D models may be referred to as a 3D artist or a 3D modeler. A 3D Model can also be displayed as a two-dimensional image through a process called 3D rendering or used in a computer simulation of physical phenomena. 3D Models may be created au ...
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Metrology
Metrology is the scientific study of measurement. It establishes a common understanding of units, crucial in linking human activities. Modern metrology has its roots in the French Revolution's political motivation to standardise units in France when a length standard taken from a natural source was proposed. This led to the creation of the decimal-based metric system in 1795, establishing a set of standards for other types of measurements. Several other countries adopted the metric system between 1795 and 1875; to ensure conformity between the countries, the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) was established by the Metre Convention. This has evolved into the International System of Units (SI) as a result of a resolution at the 11th General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) in 1960. Metrology is divided into three basic overlapping activities: * The definition of units of measurement * The realisation of these units of measurement in practice * Traceabi ...
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Rheology
Rheology (; ) is the study of the flow of matter, primarily in a fluid ( liquid or gas) state, but also as "soft solids" or solids under conditions in which they respond with plastic flow rather than deforming elastically in response to an applied force. Rheology is a branch of physics, and it is the science that deals with the deformation and flow of materials, both solids and liquids.W. R. Schowalter (1978) Mechanics of Non-Newtonian Fluids Pergamon The term ''rheology'' was coined by Eugene C. Bingham, a professor at Lafayette College, in 1920, from a suggestion by a colleague, Markus Reiner.The Deborah Number
The term was inspired by the of

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Viscosity
The viscosity of a fluid is a measure of its resistance to deformation at a given rate. For liquids, it corresponds to the informal concept of "thickness": for example, syrup has a higher viscosity than water. Viscosity quantifies the internal frictional force between adjacent layers of fluid that are in relative motion. For instance, when a viscous fluid is forced through a tube, it flows more quickly near the tube's axis than near its walls. Experiments show that some stress (such as a pressure difference between the two ends of the tube) is needed to sustain the flow. This is because a force is required to overcome the friction between the layers of the fluid which are in relative motion. For a tube with a constant rate of flow, the strength of the compensating force is proportional to the fluid's viscosity. In general, viscosity depends on a fluid's state, such as its temperature, pressure, and rate of deformation. However, the dependence on some of these properties is ...
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X-ray Fluorescence
X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is the emission of characteristic "secondary" (or fluorescent) X-rays from a material that has been excited by being bombarded with high-energy X-rays or gamma rays. The phenomenon is widely used for elemental analysis and analytical chemistry, chemical analysis, particularly in the investigation of metals, glass, ceramics and building materials, and for research in geochemistry, forensic science, archaeology and art objects such as paintings. Underlying physics When materials are exposed to short-wavelength X-rays or to gamma rays, ionization of their component atoms may take place. Ionization consists of the ejection of one or more electrons from the atom, and may occur if the atom is exposed to radiation with an energy greater than its ionization energy. X-rays and gamma rays can be energetic enough to expel tightly held electrons from the inner atomic orbital, orbitals of the atom. The removal of an electron in this way makes the electronic structu ...
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